19 17 (Taisho 6), Japan's first animation "The Volume of Toshikawa's Raiding of Three Xuanguan Fan" was completed and released in Tokyo Asakusa Film Club with 1 month. In the same year, Junichi Yukuchi's "The Volume of Famous Knives in the Pit" and Seitaro Kitayama's "The Battle of Apes and Crabs" were released one after another. The three of them are called the fathers of Japanese animation.
192 1 (taisho 10), the Japanese Ministry of Culture began to implement the recommendation system for films and cartoons, and vigorously supported educational films. In addition, the children's favorite cartoons were actively used to produce PR cartoons of many government agencies. An animated work with the theme of ideological mobilization must be arranged in the film screening plan.
1923 (taisho 12), the great kanto earthquake occurred, and the kanto area was destroyed. In the following 10 years, Japanese animation came to a standstill.
1932 (Showa 4), the first Japanese animated film "Power and Women's Society" produced by Kenz? Masaoka was completed and released in the spring of the following year.
1939 (showa 14), the second world war broke out to include the years after the defeat 10. Japanese animation appeared the second stagnation period, which lasted for about 20 years. After the defeat, Japan, which was burnt to the ground, was in a poverty situation where there was no food, and there was no extra energy to make animation.
1943 (Showa 18), Mitsuyo Seo produced and released the first Japanese full-length comic film "The Sea Vulture of Momotaro", which was 37 minutes long.
1945 (Showa 20) After the Japanese defeat in April, the pre-war masterpiece Magic of the Sea of Momotaro was released. This animation was funded by the Japanese Navy Department, in order to promote militarism and cater to the needs of foreign aggression. Black-and-white film, whose theme is the activities of naval paratroopers, is a 74-minute novel. There were almost no spectators at that time because Tokyo was burned in ruins by a serious air raid. 1945, after Japan's defeat, anti-war animated films were very popular and had a far-reaching influence. During this period, the representative figure was Nobur? ?fuji, an animation master who was praised as a "freak" by Japanese animation circles. He filmed the black-and-white version of Whale in 1927 and completed the color version of Whale in 1952. Nobur? ?fuji combined the shadow play that has been circulating in China for thousands of years with the unique Japanese paper of thousands of generations to draw animation, and created Thief of Saddle Field City (1926), Tale of the Monkey King (1926), Jane said the Imperial Palace of Gutian (1928), and The Story of. Nobur? ?fuji is well-known in Japan, and the "Oto Award" named after him has become the first-class cartoon award in Japan.
In 1960s and 1970s, Osamu Tezuka became an iconic figure in Japanese animation industry, known as "the father of Japanese animation". He created a series of exquisite animated dramas, which raised the level of Japanese cartoons to an unprecedented level. Representative works include Astro Boy with Iron Arm (1963) and The Great Forest (1965). 1966, Osamu Tezuka created "Pictures of Exhibition" and began to explore experimental cartoons.
1963 (Showa 38) On September 15, the "Fairy Tribe", which started broadcasting in the late-night program of Fuji TV, was the first 1 work of TCJ. This is a TV animation for adults, originally as Kojima, and the production company is Television Corporation of Japan. EIKEN, who is famous for Miss Conch.
1969 (Showa 44) year1October 5, "Conch Girl" premiered on Fuji TV. It has lasted for 43 years, and as an animated drama, it has continuously refreshed the record of longevity in history. The original work is "Conch Girl" serialized by Machiko Hasegawa in Asahi Shimbun with four cartoons. Each episode consists of three stories. Although it is a trivial family film that describes the daily life of the three generations under one roof. But the ratings are almost certainly in the top ten published every week. 1974, Japanese animation entered a mature stage.
In the early 1970s, a large number of animation masters of sci-fi mechanical animation (namely, Science Fiction animation, SF animation for short) emerged in Japan, with Leiji Matsumoto, Yosiyuki Tomino, Shōji Kawamori, Haruhiko Mikimoto and so on as representatives. Yosiyuki Tomino, the most famous of them, is one of the founders of the "GUNDAM" series. He directed Gundam (1979), Gundam-Xia Ya's counterattack (1988) and Gundam F91(1). 1982, when Shōji Kawamori acted as the mechanical setting for Macross, he began to emerge, and then he became the director and producer of a series of theatrical animated films of Macross.
Lubang III also successfully transformed into a teenager in the 1970s, and made great achievements. TV2 series really enabled Japanese audiences to combine animation with comics, thus creating an animation era, which won unanimous praise from students to adults, and also successfully entered and exited overseas in the 1980s and 1990s. According to statistics, it has an amazing1350 million fans, which has a history of 43 years and is still being broadcast. In the same period, Miyazaki Hayao got rid of the limitation of SF animation style, and developed a "Miyazaki Hayao-style" aesthetic, natural and fresh style, which conveyed the harmony between heaven, earth, man and god. The idea of the film touches the depths of human hearts and inspires people to fear God and think about life. 1984 The Valley of the Wind established Miyazaki Hayao as a Japanese animation master. In 20001year, Spirited Away, produced by Miyazaki Hayao, won the Golden Bear Award at the 52nd Berlin International Film Festival and the Best Animated Feature Film Award at the 75th Oscar. Miyazaki Hayao has become synonymous with animation in Japan, and its achievements and status are unparalleled. Miyazaki Hayao's other famous works include City of Cariostro (1979), City of the Sky (1986), My Neighbor Totoro (1988), Witch's Home Help (1989) and Red Pig. Short animation shown at the same time as listening to the ear), Listening to the ear (producer, screenwriter, and photographer) (1995), Princess Ghost (1997), Hal's Moving Castle (2004), goldfish princess on the Cliff (2008), etc.
From the late 1980s to the early 1990s, Japanese animation entered the golden age of OVA (Original Video Animation). Toshiki Hirano's Vampire Ji Meixi and Project ZEORAIMA, which were produced in 1988 and 1989 respectively, created the heyday of Japanese OVA animation. In the 1990s, with the further improvement of Japanese animation industry, the types, forms, contents, themes and employees of Japanese animation were obviously refined. With the diversity of animation styles, Japanese animation has entered the stage of refinement.
During this period, there were various kinds of Japanese animation. There are beautiful girl animations represented by Asaka Morio, and his works include Moka Girl Sakura (1998), Chobits》(2002) and GALAXY ANGEL (Part I: 200 1 year; Part II: 2002); There are funny animations represented by Akitaro Daichi, and his works include Evil Flow Pill (1998) and Fruit Basket (2000); In addition, Mamoru Oshii's ghost in the shell (1995) has its own style in order to gain the recognition of the audience. Jin Min's millennium actress (2002) adopted confusing narrative techniques and explored a brand-new animation expression. In a word, Japanese animation takes "robot" and "beautiful girl" as the joint point, and has embarked on a unique animation road with its own national characteristics.
According to statistics, in 1960-200 1 year, Japan * * * produced 2,403 animated films, including 90 films and 502 TV films. There are many Japanese animation production companies, among which Toyotomi Animation, Studio Ghibli, GANIAX and Sunrise are the representatives.
In addition, there are cartoons such as kanon, air, clannad, Angel Beats and Little Busters with the help of AVG of Japan key Society.
Development stage:
More than half a century after World War II, the social status of comics in Japan and people's understanding of it are constantly changing. Osamu Tezuka divided the development of Japanese modern comics into six stages.
The first stage (the first decade after World War II): "Toy Age", in which cartoons were only props for children's entertainment.
The second stage: "the era of clearing up", comics are regarded as vulgar and shallow reading materials.
The third stage: the "dim sum era", parents and teachers reluctantly allow their children to read a little comics without hindering their studies.
The fourth stage: "the staple food era", 1963 TV animation Astro Boy was continuously shown on TV, and many adults and children in the family watched it together, and the cartoon was affirmed by the society.
The fifth stage (1970s-1980s): "Air Age", in which comics have become an inseparable part of teenagers' lives.
The sixth stage (after the mid-1980s): the "sign era", in which cartoons became the symbol of communication between teenagers.
Reasons for prosperity:
What needs to be pointed out in particular is that the rise and development of Japanese animation industry has a lot to do with the innate self-exclusion of the oriental nation, which directly improves Japan's attention to the animation industry. For details, see the reference "When Animation Surpasses Reality".
On the other hand, Japanese society is a highly busy society, and many Japanese people, especially young people, are facing all kinds of pressures. Under such circumstances, animation full of longing for a better life and various magical fantasies has become an excellent way for young people to decompress and relax themselves.
Classification by type:
Emotion; Reasoning; Action; War; Harem; Pets; History; Funny; Machine warfare; Teenagers; Adventure; Cure; Fairy tales; Fighting;
Young girl; Suspense; Science fiction; Competitive; Society; Gods and demons; Hot blood; Campus; Beauty; Original; Magic; Education; Terror; Thriller;
Politics; Philosophy; Classic; Inspirational; Ethics; Spoofing; Bloody; romantic
Classification by version:
Television animation: an animated work broadcast on a television channel.
Theater animation: The animation works released in cinemas are a kind of Japanese animation classified according to the mode of communication, and it is also called the movie version in China.
OVA(OAD): Original animation video, in which OVA is sold separately and OAD is sold with books.
Anime music: the music in an anime work, including theme music and background music.