Agastache rugosa
source
Source of medicinal materials: the whole herb of Pogostemon cablin of Labiatae.
Latin plant and animal mineral name: Pogostemon Cablin (Blanco) Benth. [Mentha Cablin Blanco]
Harvesting and storage: harvest in paddy field from June to August and sloping land from 8- 1 1 month. Choose sunny days to uproot and remove fibrous roots and sediment. You can also harvest the overnight roots in stages, harvest the lateral branches 3-6 months after planting, and then cut 1 time every 5-6 months, and renew it after 2-3 years. You can also cut off the branches and main culms at 2-4 nodes off the ground during the harvest period, so that the branches can grow again at the base. The harvest period in the second year will be carried out according to this method, and it will be renewed after 2-3 years. After being harvested, Pogostemon cablin is spread in the sun for several hours, and when the leaves are shriveled, they are stacked in layers, covered with straw and pressed with wooden boards to make them sweat overnight, so that the branches and leaves turn yellow, then spread out in the sun the next day, then pile up for one night, and then spread out and expose to the sun until they are completely dry.
Original form annual herb, 30-60cm high. Erect, branched, hairy, and cork on the outside of the old stem. Leaves opposite; The petiole is 2-4cm long, and it has a light and specific aroma when rubbed; The leaves are ovoid or oblong, 5-7- 10cm long and 4-5-7.5cm wide, with a short or obtuse apex, a broad, blunt or wedge-shaped base with a little asymmetry, irregular rough and blunt teeth on the leaf margin, hairy on both sides, dense veins below, slightly concave below, and some purple; The mesophyll part without veins is slightly raised on it, so the leaf surface is uneven. The cymes are dense, and the base is sometimes discontinuous, forming terminal and axillary spikes, 2-6cm long, 1- 1.5cm in diameter, with total pedicels; Bracts are about13 mm long; Calyx tubular; Corolla tube extends out of calyx, the brim is nearly 2-lipped, the upper lip is 3-lobed, and the lower lip is entire; Stamens 4, overhanging, filaments stained. Flowering in April. Chinese people seldom bloom. (Figure 1)
Habitat distribution is cultivated in Fujian, Taiwan Province, Guangdong, Hainan and Guangxi. Native to tropical Asia such as the Philippines.
cultivate
Biological characteristics like high temperature and humid climate, and the annual average temperature is 24-25℃, which is the most suitable for growth. The temperature rises below 17℃, and the plant grows slowly, and it can withstand short-term low temperature of 0℃. The rainfall should be abundant and evenly distributed, and the annual rainfall should be1600-2400 mm. I like sunshine, but it must be shaded moderately at seedling stage and early planting stage, and the shade will be removed as soon as new roots and leaves grow. Branches and leaves are easy to break in case of typhoon. It is suitable to cultivate with loose, fertile and slightly acidic sandy loam with good drainage.
The cultivation technique is cutting propagation, and the production adopts direct insertion method and cutting seedling transplanting method. Direct insertion method: It is advisable to choose warm and rainy season, such as Hainan Province, which is generally in September 9- 10/October. Choose plants that grow vigorously, are robust and dense, and have a growth period of 4-5 months. Take the lateral branches of the middle stem, which are 20-30cm long and have 6-7 nodes, and the lower branches are 3-4 brown wooden plugs, and gently fold them off by hand. Generally, the seedlings are picked up from the stem base layer by layer and step by step, every 15-20d 1 time. The picked seedlings should be placed in the shade and planted with the seeds. Cutting seedling: that is, inserting fresh branches into the seedbed and transplanting them into the field after taking root. Its method and time are the same as that of direct insertion method. After the branches are inserted in the seedbed, they should be put up for shade in the morning and uncovered at night. In winter, they should be put up day and night to prevent frost damage. Water each morning and evening 1 time. Rooting is about 10d after insertion. Dilute human excrement can be applied for 3-4 times, and after 20 days, the shade can be removed, and 1 month can be planted. Planting should be carried out in warm and humid seasons, and it should be in early April in Guangzhou suburb, March-May in Zhanjiang area, August-September in Sichuan and July-August and 9-1/month in Hainan. Generally, 3/5 of the seedlings are inserted obliquely into the soil, covered with soil and compacted, planted in a triangle with a row spacing of 50cm×40cm, watered immediately after planting, and covered with grass for shade.
Weeding and loosening soil should be carried out regularly after successful field management. Weeding can be done for 1 time half a month after planting, and then for 1 time every month. After intertillage weeding, combined with fertilization, mainly nitrogen fertilizer application. Generally, after planting 1 month, when new buds and leaves grow, topdressing should be carried out for the first time 1 time, and then fertilization should be carried out every 20-30 days until it is stopped before harvest 1 month. In the early stage, human excrement and urine and plant ash were used more, and ammonium sulfate was mainly used in the later stage. Apply more water and fertilizer in dry season. Attention should be paid to irrigation and drainage to maintain a certain humidity in the field.
If there is root rot in pest control, ditch drainage can be done in time, the diseased plants can be dug up and watered with 50% carbendazim 1000 times solution; There are also bacterial angular spots and so on. The cutworm can be killed manually or lured with poison bait (stir-fry the wheat bran and use 90% crystal trichlorfon 30 times solution to stop the tide). In addition, there are mole rats, red spiders and so on.
character
Character identification The whole plant is 30-60cm long, with many branches and slightly tortuous branches. The stem is blunt square column, with a diameter of about 2-7mm and an internode length of 3-13 cm. The outer skin is grayish brown, grayish yellow or reddish brown; Brittle, easy to break, with marrow in the center of the section; The old stems at the base are cylindrical. Diameter 1- 1.2cm, with brown cork. The leaves are opposite and shriveled into a ball. After flattening, the leaves are oval or oval, 4-9cm long and 3-7 cm wide. Both sides are covered with gray hairs; The apex is short or obtuse, the base is wedge-shaped or obtuse, and the edge has blunt teeth with irregular size; Petiole 2-4cm long, pilose. The smell is unique and the leaves are slightly bitter.
It is better to have many leaves and strong aroma.
Microscopic identification of the longitudinal section of the stem: the epidermis is 1 row of cells, irregularly arranged, with non-glandular hairs, 1-5 cells; There are 3-5 rows of corked cells under the epidermis. The outer edge of the cortex is 4- 10 rows of thick keratinocytes, and the inner edge is thin-walled cells with large intercellular spaces and interstitial glandular hairs; Glandular head single cell, oblong or quasi-circular, 75- 195μm long, containing yellow to yellow-green volatile oil, short stalk, 1-2 cells, mostly connected with cortical cells, and parenchyma cells also contain calcium oxalate needle crystals, about 15μm long. The stele sheath fibers are in bundles. Phloem stenosis. The xylem is developed at the four corners, and consists of vessels, wood parenchyma cells and wood fibers, all of which are lignified. The pith cells are slightly lignified, containing needle crystals and flake crystals of calcium oxalate, and rare powder grains.
Powder characteristics: light brown, 1 non-glandular hair 1-8 cells, straight or curved at the apex, 97-590μm long, with spinelike protrusions on the wall, some cells containing yellow-brown substances, and some cells containing small needles at the base. 2. Eight cells in the head of glandular scale, with a diameter of 37-70μ m; Single-celled stipe, extremely short. 3. Interstitial gland hair exists in the intercellular space of mesophyll or stem parenchyma, and the head single cell is irregular and saccular, with a diameter of 13-50μ m and a length of 23-43μm, containing golden yellow matter; The stalk is short, 1-2 cells. 4. 2 cells or even single cells in the head of glandular hair; Stem 1-3 cells, very short. The needle crystals of calcium oxalate are fine and scattered in mesophyll, stem parenchyma cells or fibers, with a length of 3-27 μ m. The epidermal cells of 6 leaves are irregular and the stomata are straight axis. 7-column sheath fibers are scattered singly or in bundles, pale yellow or yellow-green, long spindle-shaped, with a diameter of 1 1-37μm, lignified, with sparse pits, some visible separation, and most of the cells contain yellow-brown substances and occasionally fine-grained crystals. 8 Wood fiber bundle, diameter 13-35μm, wood wall, pits, oblique cracks, pits, meshes, threads and rings. The parenchyma cells in the ten pith are large, with pits, and some contain fine needle crystals.
The volatile oil from stems and leaves contains patchouli alcohol (31.86%), secalene (9.85%), α-guaiene (8.82%) and ξ-guaiene (ξ-guaiene). α-patchoulene (α-patchoulene8.48%), β-patchoulene (β-patchoulene6.9 1%), Pogostone 3.80% [1], and β-guaiene. β-caryophyllene, ξ-cubenene [2] and patchouli diol (patchoulan 1
12-diol)[3]。 The aerial parts contain volatile micromolecule components: methyl acetate (methylac-etate), 3-methyl butanone (3- methyl butanone), 3- methyl methyl vinyl ketone (3-methyl-3-butenone)[4], and flavonoid components: patchouli flavonol, pokeweed flavin (ombuin) and apigenin. Rhamin, apigenin -7-O-β- glucoside (apigetrin), apigetrin and apigenin -7-O-β-D-(6- p-coumaroyl)-glucoside [apigenin-
pharmacological action
1. Bacteriostasis Pogostemon Pogostemon has obvious inhibitory effect on fungi such as white pearl fungus, Cryptococcus neoformans and rhizopus nigricans for a long time, and also has certain inhibitory effect on bacteria such as Streptococcus haemolyticus A [1]. The fresh juice of Pogostemon cablin leaves also has a certain inhibitory effect on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus albus and Bacillus subtilis [2]. Its fresh juice drip (4 drops/time, 3 times a day) can treat acute experimental guinea pig otitis externa caused by Staphylococcus aureus [3]. Patchouli ketone can inhibit the growth of Penicillium and other molds, and can be used for antisepsis of oral liquid [4].
2. Anti-effect of calcium donation The water extract of Pogostemon cablin can obviously inhibit the contraction of colon band in isolated guinea pigs caused by high potassium, indicating that it has calcium antagonism, with the inhibition rate of 3× 10-4g/ml and 9 17% and 30× 10-4g/ml. Patchouli alcohol is the effective component, and its antagonistic parameter (PA2) of calcium antagonism is 5.95, and IC50 is 4.7×10-5 mol/L.. Patchouli alcohol has a dose-dependent antagonistic effect on the contraction of rat aortic strips induced by Ca2＋+,which is also concentric with verapamil [5].
differentiate
Physical and chemical identification (1) Take the volatile oil of this product 1 drop, add 0.5ml of chloroform, and add a few drops of chloroform solution of 5% bromine. The color of Pogostemon cabernet Sauvignon is first stained, and then green; Pogostemon cablin, Hainan, is first colored and then purple.
(2) Take the volatile oil of this product 1 drop, add 0.5ml of benzene, add a small amount of 5% copper acetate solution, mix thoroughly, place it in layers, absorb the upper benzene solution, and drop it on the slide. After benzene volatilizes, add ethanol 1-2 drops to the residue, and observe it under a microscope after standing. Many blue needle-like crystals can be seen in Shipai Pogostemon cablin. A small amount of gray-blue crystals and green amorphous substances can be seen in Pogostemon cablin in Hainan.
(3) Take 0.5ml of volatile oil by TLC, dilute 5ml with ethyl acetate as the test solution, and take patchouli ketone and patchouli alcohol as the control. Spot samples on the same silica gel G sheet, spread them with petroleum ether (30-60℃)- ethyl acetate-glacial acetic acid (95: 5: 0.2), take them out, dry them, spray them with 5% ferric chloride acetic acid solution, and then at105℃; Heat to develop color. In the chromatogram of the test solution, the same color spot appears at the corresponding position of the chromatogram of the reference substance.
Processing to remove residual roots and impurities, shaking the leaves first, sieving and releasing; Wash the stem, moisten it thoroughly, cut it into sections, dry it in the sun, and then mix it with the leaves.
Pungent in nature; Sexual tepid
Meridian and spleen; Stomach; Lung meridian
Function is mainly used to treat aromatic dampness; Regulating stomach and stopping vomiting; Eliminating summer heat and relieving exterior syndrome. The stomach and abdomen are swollen with dampness blocking the middle energizer; Loss of appetite; Vomiting; Diarrhea; Cold-heat headache caused by exogenous summer-heat dampness; Fever and drowsiness at the beginning of wet temperature; Chest pain and nausea; Nose deep; Tinea of hands and feet
Usage and dosage for oral administration: decoct soup, 5- 10g, double the fresh ones, and it is not advisable to decoct for a long time; Or into the pill powder. External use: appropriate amount, rinse with decoction, or soak the affected part; Or grinding and dressing.
Pay attention to people with yin deficiency.
Clinical application can be used for obstruction of dampness and turbidity, nausea and vomiting in hospital, summer-dampness fatigue, chest tightness, cold-dampness closing summer-heat, abdominal pain, vomiting and diarrhea, and nasal headache.
Excerpt from Chinese materia medica