However, some dairy farmers and some farmers who are going to invest in dairy cows have misunderstandings in their understanding, and their technology is not standardized, and some have incurred losses.
At present, there are three misunderstandings and seven technical defects in the development of dairy farming.
I. Three major misunderstandings
One of the misunderstandings: the income from raising cattle is high.
At present, in some places, in order to highlight the image project, the annual net income of raising L-head Niu Yi is advertised as 1 10,000 yuan. In fact, this kind of propaganda is somewhat exaggerated.
So, how much can I earn by raising L-head Niu Yi? We made a detailed survey of dairy farmers in rural areas. According to the calculation of middle and superior dairy cows, the annual output of fresh milk is 75OO kilograms, and it takes about 95OO yuan a year to exclude forage, utilities and labor costs, while the income of fresh milk and cow dung is12,200 yuan. Together with the income from calf production, the annual net income of raising L dairy cows is 45OO-55OO yuan.
Myth 2: Fresh milk is not in stock.
At present, in order to promote the development of rural dairy cows and ensure that the milk of cattle farmers can be sold in time, some places have set up milk purchasing stations.
In fact, the milk station is an intermediate institution. Whether to purchase or not, the price depends on the production capacity of the milk processing factory, and ultimately depends on people's consumption level and market demand.
Myth 3: only look at the scale and don't consider the income.
At present, the price of dairy cows in China is generally high, and the market prospect is promising. Some places actively encourage farmers to buy cows at high prices at all costs in order to pursue scale, see the park and pay attention to efficiency.
However, I don't know that this will easily lead to a new imbalance in the development of dairy cows.
Moreover, it is difficult for dairy farmers to achieve the expected income because they buy cows at high prices.
Second, seven major technical defects
First, the awareness of epidemic prevention and health is weak.
Farmers who raise cattle in rural areas think that cows have the ability to resist, and they don't pay attention to strengthening preventive injection and sanitation disinfection, which leads to the death of cows infected with the epidemic, or they can't buy milk because of illness, resulting in unnecessary economic losses.
Second, don't talk about science and feed too much concentrate.
Because cows are ruminants and herbivores, they need a lot of crude fiber forage. If the concentrate is fed too much, it will not only increase the feeding cost and cause waste, but also cause rumination weakening, forestomach flaccidity and acidosis, and even lead to death.
The correct way is to mix grass with grass and give priority to grass.
It is best to keep 70% to 80% fat in dairy cows, but scientific feeding should be carried out according to the characteristics of different physiological stages of dairy cows.
Third, we do not pay attention to the quality and processing of roughage. According to our village-to-village investigation, at present, 90% dairy farmers do not engage in silage, and all roughage is chopped and fed with dry corn stalks. Therefore, cows are weak, have low milk yield, waste forage and have poor benefits.
Fourth, the first mating age of calves is too young. The first mating age of dairy cows should be 18-20 months old and weigh about 350kg. The first mating of calves should consider not only age, but also weight. These two indicators are indispensable, and premature reproduction is strictly prohibited.
Fifth, heavy pregnancy is light. What we are applying now is to introduce excellent frozen semen of bulls and carry out high-generation hybridization through artificial cold matching. Calves have high quality, high milk yield and good benefits. However, many dairy farmers think that frozen sperm breeding costs are high, and they are reluctant to spend this money to save money, so they can only interbreed. However, it is an important link to know whether a cow can get pregnant, which is directly related to the economic benefits of dairy farmers. Necessary upfront investment will definitely increase the income of the next generation of dairy cows.
Sixth, do not pay attention to the management of calves and dry cows. Most dairy farmers in rural areas believe that as long as we strengthen the feeding management during the milk production period, we can produce more milk without worrying more and investing more. In fact, this is extremely wrong.
Seventh, excessive milking. In order to make cows produce more milk, many rural dairy farmers start milking cows after calving until there is no milk. But I don't know that this is killing the goose to get the egg, and the consequences are serious. First, over-milking makes cows consume too much nutrients in their bodies, which affects the development of calves and the milk yield of the next fetus; Second, over-milking will cause cows to have late or inconspicuous postpartum estrus, and it will also cause sexual cycle disorder and difficulty in conception.