Gastroenteritis type
This is the most common type of poisoning. The incubation period of poisoning is short, usually 10 minutes to 6 hours after eating. The main manifestations are acute nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, watery diarrhea, or accompanied by dizziness, headache, general weakness. Generally, the course of the disease is short, the recovery is faster, the prognosis is better, and the deaths are rare. However, in severe cases, vomiting of blood, dehydration, electrolyte disorders, coma, as well as acute hepatic and renal failure and death.
Neuropsychiatric type
There are various kinds of toxins that cause this type of reaction, and some toxins can cause hallucinogenic effects similar to drug addiction. Symptoms of poisoning can be categorized as neuroexcitability, neuroinhibition, psychosis, and a variety of hallucinatory reactions. These symptoms may alternate during the course of the illness, or only partially, and in some cases may be accompanied by symptoms of gastroenteritis. In the case of poisoning by mushrooms containing toxocarpine, the incubation period is short, and the onset of the disease usually occurs within 10 minutes to 6 hours after eating (mostly within 30 minutes). There are profuse sweating, fever, salivation, tearing, chills, slow heartbeat, lowered blood pressure, shortness of breath, narrowed pupils, blurred eyes, weakened or even blurred vision, bronchial spasm, acute pulmonary edema. Severe cases of delirium, convulsions, coma or rigor mortis, death due to respiratory depression. Poisoning by poisonous mushrooms containing Fusarium oxysporum and Waxy Tree Acid has a very short incubation period and usually develops about 30 minutes to 2 hours after eating. The main manifestations include agitation, mental abnormality, convulsions, blurred vision or hallucinations. The poisonous mushrooms in the genus Psilocybe and Panaeolus and Stropharia contain Psilocybin or Psilocyanin, which can cause sympathetic excitation, pupil dilatation, rapid heartbeat, elevated blood pressure, increased body temperature, flushing, sweating, chills, auditory and gustatory changes, and even obvious hallucinations. Some patients lose the sense of time and distance, some are extremely happy, singing and dancing, or as the drunken people are temperamental, crying and laughing, or as demented, like a dream, like a dream. Usually return to normal after a few hours. Toadstools, on the other hand, mainly cause obvious color hallucinations. Hallucination-induced substance poisoning is generally short latency, fast onset, about half an hour to one hour or so onset. A variety of hallucinatory reactions of an unusual and magical nature mainly occur. At present, the most famous poisonous mushrooms recorded to cause hallucinations are Mexican naked cap mushroom (Psilocybemexicana), Cuban light cap umbrella (Psilocybecubensis), poisonous naked cap mushroom, semi-naked cap mushroom, etc. In the past, Mexican Indians in the Americas used these mushrooms as a food source. In the past, the Mexican Indians in the Americas called these poisonous mushrooms that cause fascination and special hallucinations "sacred objects" and used them in ceremonial activities, and they even knew about these mushrooms 3,000 years ago. In the hallucinations, fantasies, hallucinations are accompanied by excitement and happiness, laughing and talking, dancing. Some are like drunkards, with unsteady gait and confusion. At the beginning, there are mostly dizziness and dizziness, and there is a sense of change in the size and length of visual objects or a feeling of tilting in the right direction. Some have sympathetic excitation, elevated blood pressure, dilated pupils and so on. The general course of the disease is short and easy to recover. There are also some porcini bacteria can cause "small people phantasmagoria", which is characterized by the patient can be manifested as phantasmagoria to the height of the feet, the image of strange, lively character of the small people, and even small animals. Patients at this time will be nervous, panic or despair, the heavy also appeared wooden stiffness dementia, generally 6-24 hours after eating the onset of symptoms, eating while drinking alcohol, more obvious, it takes 3-12 days to recover.
Individual cases have a duration of up to 1-3 months and are easily misdiagnosed as acute schizophrenia. However, they can usually return to normal in a short time with the disappearance of toxicity.
Hemolytic type
The incubation period of poisoning by poisonous mushrooms containing this kind of toxin is relatively long, and the disease usually develops 6-12 hours after eating. In addition to nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain or headache, restlessness and other symptoms, can be one or two days due to the toxin mass destruction of red blood cells and the rapid emergence of hemolytic symptoms. The main manifestations are acute anemia, jaundice, hemoglobinuria, liver and spleen enlargement. Sometimes after hemolysis can cause kidney damage, proteinuria, hematuria, and even secondary uremia and other critical symptoms. In severe cases, weak pulse, convulsions, hallucinations and drowsiness may lead to death due to severe liver and kidney damage and heart failure.
Liver damage type
This is the main type of poisonous mushroom poisoning that causes death, and white poisonous umbrella poisoning belongs to this type. The toxins are mainly amatoxins and toxic peptides. Toxic umbrella peptides (amatoxins) include the following six kinds of substances, namely: toxic umbrella peptide (α-amanitin), toxic umbrella peptide (β-amanitin), toxic umbrella peptide (γ-amanitin), toxic umbrella peptide (ε-amanitin), trihydroxy umbrella peptide (amanin), a hydroxy umbrella peptide amide (amanullin); poisonous peptides (phallotoxins), toxic peptides (amanin) and toxic peptide amide (amanullin). Phallotoxins include five kinds of toxins: phallisin, phalloidin, phallisin, phallicidin, and phallin B. Phallotoxins act directly on the liver. Toxic umbrella peptides act directly on the nucleus of liver cells, causing rapid cell necrosis, which is one of the most important causes of death in poisoned people. Toxic peptides act on the endoplasmic reticulum of liver cells to damage them. In addition, toxic peptides act quickly and parachute peptides act slowly, and the latter are more potent than the former in terms of toxicity. The lethal dose of the toxocarbophilus peptide is less than 0.1 mg/kg of body weight, whereas that of the toxocarbophilus peptide is 2 mg/kg of body weight. Therefore, a single white umbrella bacterium of about 50 grams is enough to poison an adult (in the poisoning of white umbrellas in Guangzhou City in 2000, the average consumption of nearly 250 grams per patient has greatly exceeded the average lethal dose). In addition, poisonous umbrella peptides are readily soluble in water, so that those who drink soup are often more severely poisoned than those who do not. The toxin content in fresh poisonous mushrooms is very high. These toxins cause serious damage to the liver, kidneys, blood vessel lining cells, central nervous system and other tissues and cells in the human body, and ultimately cause death due to multi-organ failure, with a mortality rate as high as 90-100%.
Respiratory and circulatory failure type
This poisonous mushroom poisoning mainly causes respiratory and circulatory failure. Toxic myocarditis, acute renal failure and respiratory paralysis mainly, the pupil is slightly dilated, but there is no coma, there is no parasympathetic excitation-like symptoms, there is no jaundice, hepatomegaly, liver function tests are generally normal. Some patients have vomiting or abdominal pain, dizziness or generalized soreness, numbness and convulsions at the initial onset. Its toxin is unknown, the incubation period of 20 minutes to 1 hour, the longest up to 24 hours, this type of high mortality, should pay attention to early treatment.
Photo-allergic dermatitis type
The toxin is a photosensitive substance porphyrin (porphyrins) class. When the toxin is absorbed through the digestive tract, after entering the body can make the body cells to sunlight sensitivity increases, all sun-exposed parts of the dermatitis, such as redness, swelling, fire-like fever and pinprick pain. The incubation period is long, usually 1-2 days after the onset of food. In addition, some patients also appear mild nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea and other gastrointestinal disorders.