Precautions for nursing care of cerebral hemorrhage:

1. Patients need a quiet and comfortable environment, especially within 2 weeks of the onset of illness, visits should be minimized and a calm and stable mood should be maintained. Avoid various negative emotional effects.

2. Absolute bed rest for 2 weeks. The head can be gently turned left and right. Excessive moving or raising of the head should be avoided. The limbs can be turned slightly on the bed. Once every 2 hours, no need to Too nervous. Defecation and defecation must be done on the bed. Do not get out of bed to defecate on your own to prevent recurrence of bleeding accidents.

3. Some patients will have symptoms of irritability and restlessness. For such patients, we will take protective measures such as restraint belts and bed rails to prevent the patients from removing their infusion tubes or gastric tubes or falling from the bed. Wait for unnecessary surprises. Some families may not be able to bear it, and we understand their feelings. Once the condition is stable and no longer irritable, we will immediately remove the restraints on the body, but the bed needs constant care, especially for patients with air mattresses, to prevent them from falling into the bed. I hope everyone can cooperate.

4. Headaches of varying degrees may occur during the course of the disease, such as head swelling, acupuncture-like pain, severe pain, etc. This is the most common symptom. We will provide reasonable treatment. As the condition improves, the headache will gradually disappear, so you don't have to be overly nervous and learn to distract yourself. If you still feel the pain is severe and intolerable during the treatment, please inform us in time so that the doctor can adopt more effective treatment methods.

5. Elderly patients have cardiovascular and cerebrovascular aging and high fragility, and seasonal changes can easily induce diseases. Long-term bed rest is prone to lung infection, and it is difficult to cough up excessive phlegm. Drugs can eliminate phlegm, strengthen turning over and patting on the back, loosen phlegm and cough up, and reduce lung infection. For those who are unable to cough up sputum, take sputum suction measures and hope they can cooperate.

6. If you stay in bed for a long time and the skin is pressed for more than 2 hours, bedsores are likely to occur, so you should turn over more frequently. Massage the affected areas and keep skin clean and dry. The limbs are placed in functional positions to prevent deformity.

7. Diet: Nutritious, low-fat, light and soft food, such as eggs, soy products, etc. Those who have difficulty eating can turn their head to one side, feed slowly, and avoid talking to prevent coughing and suffocation.

8. To keep the stool smooth, you can eat bananas and honey, drink more water, turn over moderately, and massage the abdomen to reduce the occurrence of constipation. If the patient has not had bowel movements for several days or has difficulty defecating, he can use laxatives to induce defecation. It is contraindicated to hold your breath for defecation to prevent another cerebral hemorrhage.

9. During the recovery period, according to the doctor's instructions, raise the head of the bed 10 to 15°, and then gradually raise the head of the bed to a semi-recumbent position according to tolerance and adaptability, ranging from 30 minutes to 1 to 2 hours a day.

10. High blood pressure is a common cause of this disease. Take antihypertensive drugs on time and in a regular amount, and do not increase or decrease the dosage at will to prevent sudden rises and falls in blood pressure, which may aggravate the condition.

11. Regular outpatient follow-up after discharge, monitoring blood pressure, blood lipids, etc., and appropriate physical activities, such as walking, Tai Chi, etc.

Diet for patients with cerebral hemorrhage:

In addition to drug treatment, a reasonable diet also plays an important role in recovery.

If the condition of stroke patients has been stabilized but they have varying degrees of consciousness disturbance and dysphagia, they should adopt a nasogastric diet and add easily digestible liquid diet, such as thick rice soup, soy milk, milk, and fresh vegetables. Pour juice, fruit juice, etc. in batches, or pour 1000-2000 ml of mixed milk 5-6 times. The food should not be overheated or cold, and the temperature is 37℃-39℃. The raw materials required for preparing mixed milk are 600 ml of fresh milk, 350 ml of thick rice soup, 2 eggs, 50 g of sugar, 10 g of sesame oil, and 3 g of salt.

The preparation method is divided into three steps:

(1) Crack the washed eggs, put them into a clean container, add sugar, salt, oil, and stir evenly with chopsticks;

(2) Mix 600 ml of fresh milk and 350 ml of rice soup and boil;

(3) Pour the prepared egg mixture into the boiled milk and rice soup, and use it while pouring Stir with chopsticks to make 1000 ml of mixed milk.

This 1000 ml mixed milk contains 40 grams of protein, 40 grams of fat, 120 grams of sugar, and 4184 kilojoules (1000 kcal) of calories. If the patient is complicated by diabetes, avoid adding sugar.

If the stroke patient is conscious but sometimes chokes and coughs when eating, he should be given a paste diet, which includes steamed egg custard, thick porridge with minced meat and vegetables, noodles with minced meat and vegetables, and milk. Make lotus root powder, fruit puree or mash the food with a masher and give it to the patient.

After patients with cerebral hemorrhage have passed the acute stage, the following issues should be paid attention to:

(l) Psychological care: In the acute stage, the attention of family members and patients is on saving lives, while in the recovery period They are often eager to recover their functions and require to take care of themselves or even go to work quickly. There are many people who require new drugs and new methods for treatment; some patients are pessimistic, disappointed, and depressed. Therefore, patients should be encouraged to build up the confidence to overcome the disease, to be mentally disabled even if they are physically disabled, and to be strong-willed even if they are physically disabled; they should be realistic about their diseases and functions, and strive to achieve a good prognosis. It is necessary to cooperate well with medical staff and families to defeat the disease together. "Now that it's here, let's make peace with it." Otherwise, if you rush for a cure, you will easily become impatient, which will be disadvantageous.

(2) Pay attention to the rational use of medications: Since patients often suffer from several diseases or multiple symptoms at the same time, the doctor has already prescribed a variety of medications. Relatives, friends or family members should not use many more medications on their own. Excessive and excessive use of drugs may have side effects on the stomach, liver, kidneys or hematopoietic system. Not only will it not speed up recovery, but it may lead to other problems.

(3) Prevent the recurrence of stroke; it is very meaningful to prevent recurrence during the recovery period. Because stroke can reoccur suddenly, the more attacks occur, the more sequelae each time, the worse the prognosis is, and the mortality rate is also greatly increased. In order to prevent recurrence, attention should be paid to stable blood pressure, appropriate food intake, and whether there are any complications in the heart and lungs.

(4) Do a good job in family rehabilitation: The recovery period is generally spent at home, and family members should understand how to do a good job in family rehabilitation. Drugs are no longer the main therapy during this period.

(5) Pay attention to nursing care during the recovery period: including psychological care and basic care to ensure the patient’s basic living needs; provide special care and provide care according to the specific patient and condition, such as nasogastric feeding tubes, urinary catheters, Bedsore care, etc.

(6) Ensure proper nutrition and intake: Because stroke patients often suffer from aphasia, cannot express their wishes correctly, or have choking, coughing, or difficulty swallowing, they cannot ensure that they eat, and their intake is often insufficient or excessive. Many, family members should pay enough attention to it. It is necessary to set the recipe, the amount and the time for feeding, and if necessary, feed it through the nasal tube.

(7) Smooth stool: Constipation and excessive force during defecation can induce hemorrhagic brain disease and cerebral embolism. In order to keep the stool smooth and defecate regularly, eat celery, carrots, fruits, etc. appropriately. Medicines can be used when necessary, such as boiling water for diarrhea, Maren Runchang Pills, Guodao, etc. Another article on the diet of patients with cerebral hemorrhage

Patients who are conscious, able to eat without coughing, and have no difficulty swallowing should be given soft digestion, low-sugar, low-fat, high-protein foods, and eat more fresh vegetables. , Fruits, because fresh vegetables, especially green leafy vegetables and fruits can not only reduce constipation, but are also rich in vitamin C and trace elements. Avoid overeating and foods that are highly irritating to the gastrointestinal tract.

Nasogastric feeding is a very important method for comatose patients who cannot eat. Generally, food for gastric tube injection is prepared 2 to 3 days after the illness has stabilized. The food should be sterilized by high temperature first. The food temperature should be at 37 — 40 ℃, the liquid requirement for adults in 24 hours is generally not less than 2000 ml. The recommended liquid food formula is: 1000 ml of fresh milk, 400 ml of fresh soy milk, 200 g of rice flour, 6 fresh eggs, 50 g of sugar, 5 g of refined salt, Vitamin C 300 mg, vitamin B1 30 mg, B6 30 mg. The prepared food can be divided into 4 to 6 times, and 150 to 250 ml should be injected every 4 to 6 hours.