Total cholesterol refers to the sum of cholesterol contained in all lipoproteins in the blood. High total cholesterol indicates that the liver and lungs of the human body are beginning to undergo substantial lesions. So what is there? Let’s take a look with me!
:
Cardiovascular disease is not only the leading cause of death in Western industrialized countries, but also recently in my country and most developing countries. Hypercholesterolemia or other dyslipidemia are important risk factors for common cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases such as coronary heart disease and stroke. Numerous studies have demonstrated that mortality from coronary heart disease is directly related to serum cholesterol levels. In our country, with the continuous improvement of people's living standards, changes in dietary structure, such as excessive intake of high-calorie and high-fat foods, and stressful lifestyle and mental state have increased the blood lipid levels of the overall population, leading to an increasing number of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. , so it attracts more and more people’s attention.
The so-called hyperlipidemia refers to one or more lipids in the plasma being higher than normal due to abnormal fat metabolism or operation. Hyperlipidemia is usually divided into four types: hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, low-density lipoproteinemia, and mixed hyperlipidemia. In addition, it can be divided into two types: primary and secondary according to the cause. Primary is a disorder of lipid metabolism caused by familial gene defects. Secondary is due to the influence of other diseases or drugs, and is more often caused by poor dietary habits.
Patients with hyperlipidemia should receive reasonable lipid-lowering treatment regardless of whether they have symptoms or not. The treatment of hyperlipidemia is divided into non-drug and drug treatments.
Non-drug treatment measures include diet and other lifestyle adjustments to prevent hyperlipidemia and are the basis for the treatment of hyperlipidemia.
The key to dietary adjustment is to control the total calorie intake, which mainly refers to fat, sugar, starch, especially cholesterol such as egg yolks, animal offal, etc., and animal and vegetable fats, including vegetable oils; protein should be appropriately increased And adjust the proportion of carbohydrates such as rice and noodles; strictly control the consumption of various types of wine, including beer. Also pay attention to exercise and smoking cessation.
When no obvious effect is achieved after strictly controlling the diet for 3 months, drug treatment should be adhered to. Different types of hyperlipidemia are treated with different drugs.
Statins are the first choice for hypercholesterolemia, such as lovastatin, simvastatin, pravastatin and fluvastatin. Those with extremely elevated protein cholesterol LDL-C can be treated with a combination of statins and bile acid sparing agents such as cholestyramine and colestepa. Although most statins have the effect of mildly lowering triglycerides, patients with clinically significantly elevated triglycerides should still use fibrates, such as fenofibrate, lipin, bilipid, and gemfeline. Luo Zinoheng. Mixed hyperlipidemia can be treated with a combination of statins and fibrates.
Of course, drug treatment should be carried out under the guidance of a doctor. At the same time, it must be noted that lipid-lowering treatment should be maintained for a long time and should not be stopped at will. No matter what type of hyperlipidemia, blood lipids will still rise after stopping lipid-lowering drugs. Within 4 to 6 weeks after starting drug treatment, plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, etc. should be reviewed. Adjust medication according to changes in blood lipids.
Warm reminder: If the blood lipids have dropped to normal after treatment, the medication should still be continued, and the blood lipids should be rechecked every 3 to 6 months, as well as liver and kidney function and myokinase. If blood lipids cannot be reduced to normal, increasing the dose, switching to other drugs, or combining drugs should be considered.
Dietary taboos for patients with high cholesterol:
⒈Pig brain and other animal brains also contain a lot of cholesterol. It is called the champion. Every 100 grams of pig brain contains 2571 mg of cholesterol. Sheep brain It is 2004, and cow brain is 2447. Fortunately, eating pig brains is not common. If you eat animal brains, it’s best to eat them no more than once or twice a year.
⒉Animal viscera, such as pig kidney, pig liver, pig lung, pig spleen, pig intestine, cow, sheep, chicken, fish and other animal viscera also contain more cholesterol. The approximate content is per 100 viscera. 200~400 mg cholesterol. Therefore, animal offal should be eaten as little as possible. If you want to eat animal offal, it is best not to eat more than 2 times a month.
⒊Egg yolks, eggs, and other eggs such as duck eggs, goose eggs, quail eggs, etc. also contain a large amount of cholesterol, which is mainly concentrated in the yolk. One egg contains 292.5 mg of cholesterol based on 50 grams.
Therefore, the "Dietary Guidelines for Chinese Residents 2007" issued by the Chinese Nutrition Society recommends that ordinary adults eat 0.5 to 1 egg per day. For the sake of safety, patients with hyperlipidemia should not eat more than 2 or 3 egg yolks per week.
⒋Each 100 grams of fresh squid or cuttlefish has a moisture content of 80.4% and contains 268 mg of cholesterol. If you want to eat squid, it is best not to eat more than once or twice a week.
⒌ Shellfish, such as fresh scallops, red clams, oysters, scallops, abalone, clams, snails, etc. usually contain more cholesterol, and their content is generally 100~200 mg/100g. This type of food is more expensive, or resources are limited, so consumption is not large.
⒍Others, butter, butter, mutton fat, lard, beef tallow and other animal fats contain more cholesterol. Moreover, the saturated fatty acids in these oils can also promote the liver to synthesize more cholesterol. Therefore, animal fats and oils should be avoided.
Cholesterol-rich foods are as mentioned above. Of course, controlling cholesterol intake is only one of the measures to prevent elevated blood cholesterol and reduce elevated cholesterol, but it is not the whole story. Although dietary cholesterol intake is not the main source of blood cholesterol, controlling dietary cholesterol intake to avoid excessive intake of cholesterol is still an important factor in preventing and treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases such as dyslipidemia, hypertension, coronary heart disease, and atherosclerosis. important measures of disease.