Oral ulcer, also known as ulcerative stomatitis, is a common oral disease, which is caused by viruses or bacteria. It is usually caused by Streptococcus, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. The prone parts of oral ulcers are mostly found in the inner lip, tongue, tongue abdomen, buccal mucosa, vestibular sulcus, soft palate and other parts, where the mucosa lacks keratinization layer or is poorly keratinized. However, recurrent oral ulcers with hard palate and attached gingiva are rare. The rule of recurrent oral ulcer is that the more backward the site (pharynx side), the more obvious the symptoms are, and the deeper and bigger the ulcer is, the patient will feel severe pain and it is difficult to eat. There are many causes of oral ulcer, such as mental stress, emotional fluctuation and lack of sleep. In this case, autonomic nerve dysfunction is easy to occur, and the chance of onset is relatively high. Under stress or physical weakness, such as at the beginning of a cold or when you are under too much physical or mental pressure, it will appear irregularly. This may be related to endocrine disorders, gastrointestinal dysfunction, allergic reaction, local stimulation, trace elements and vitamin B 1 deficiency. Etiological types of oral ulcers (1) are caused by oral mucosal diseases, such as herpetic stomatitis, hand-foot-mouth disease, pemphigus and pemphigoid secondary ulcers. As long as such ulcers are treated with antibacterial, antiviral and antiallergic measures in time, or treated according to syndrome differentiation of traditional Chinese medicine, they will generally not become malignant. However, it should be noted in particular that mucosal diseases which are precancerous lesions should not be taken lightly. If there is a long-lasting ulcer on the basis of lesions such as white spots, red spots and lichen planus, we should be highly vigilant. (2) Traumatic ulcer: This is a kind of ulcer directly related to local stimulating factors. The residual crown left by tooth fracture, stones deposited on the surface of teeth, uneven or misplaced teeth, bad habit of biting cheeks, sharp edges formed after tooth wear and rough dentures may all cause traumatic ulcers. For this kind of ulcer, as long as the pathogenic factors are found as soon as possible, measures such as pulling out residual roots and crowns, grinding sharp edges, cleaning dental calculus, correcting the habit of biting cheeks and re-inserting teeth will be taken in time, and it will heal quickly. However, if it is found too late and the measures are not effective, the traumatic oral ulcer may become cancerous. (3) "Malignant ulcer" caused by tumor: This kind of ulcer is the result of local invasive development of malignant tumor, and the systemic manifestations of malignant tumor may have appeared before the ulcer appeared. Recurrent oral ulcer The recurrent oral ulcer is called "recurrent oral ulcer" in medicine. Recurrent oral ulcers can occur all year round, and can occur in any part of the oral mucosa, especially in the lips, cheeks and tongue, mostly in young adults, with more women than men. The recurrence time is closely related to the history of oral ulcer. When the history is short, it can occur once every few months or once a year. When the medical history is long, it can occur once a month, or the old and new lesions of oral ulcer appear alternately. Under normal circumstances, it can heal itself in about 10 days without leaving scars. Recurrent oral ulcer is the most common disease in oral mucosal diseases. It is recurrent but self-limited, and its local manifestations are isolated, round or oval ulcers. Clinically, it can be divided into three types: recurrent mild oral ulcer, recurrent stomatitis oral ulcer and recurrent necrotizing mucosal periglandularis. Recurrent oral ulcer is closely related to immunity at first. Some patients show immune deficiency, while others show autoimmune reaction, that is, due to various factors, the normal immune system of the human body produces immune response to its own tissue antigen, causing tissue damage and disease. Secondly, it has something to do with heredity. In clinic, the incidence of recurrent oral ulcer has obvious family genetic tendency. We often see that if one or both parents suffer from recurrent oral ulcer, their children are more likely to get sick than the average person. In addition, the onset of recurrent oral ulcer is often related to some diseases or symptoms, such as digestive system diseases: gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, chronic or persistent hepatitis, colitis, etc., and anemia, partial eclipse, dyspepsia, diarrhea, fever, lack of sleep, fatigue, mental stress, heavy work pressure, changes in menstrual cycle and so on. With the activity, alternation and overlap of one or more factors, it is easy to cause the decline of immunity and the disorder of immune function, which also leads to the frequent occurrence of recurrent oral ulcers. The typical manifestation of recurrent oral ulcer is that there are fine spots at first, accompanied by burning discomfort, and then gradually expand into shallow ulcers with a diameter of 2 ~ 3 mm or more. The ulcer is slightly sunken, and the surface is covered with a yellowish false membrane. The mucosa around the ulcer is flushed due to congestion, and the burning pain is obvious. The pain is more severe when exposed to irritating food. Recurrent oral ulcers are self-limited and periodic. Without special treatment, recurrent oral ulcers can gradually heal in 7 ~10 days, with intermittent periods ranging from several days to several months. Home care for oral ulcers No one knows why some people get oral ulcers and some people don't. Oral ulcers often occur in the mouth, but they can also appear on the tongue, inside cheeks, lips or gums. Bad oral habits, heredity, food, excessive brushing and emotional stress are all closely related to oral ulcers. No matter what causes it, it is troublesome to treat oral ulcers. Oral cavity is the place where bacteria harbor the most in the whole body. The treatment of oral ulcer has a dual purpose: on the one hand, it is necessary to eliminate the bacteria that infect oral ulcer, and on the other hand, it is necessary to protect the wound. Oral ulcer can be effectively treated by some family treatment measures. Hydrogen peroxide can be carbon-sulfur diamine hydrogen peroxide, which contains hydrogen peroxide and glycerol. Hydrogen peroxide can release oxygen and remove bacteria, oxygen bubbles enter tiny gaps, and glycerol covers and protects ulcers. ● Rinse your mouth with potassium chlorate. Add 1 teaspoon of potassium chlorate to L glass of water. Rinse your mouth with this solution several times a day to treat oral ulcers. But don't swallow. ● Try a black tea bag. Some experts suggest applying a wet black tea bag to the ulcer. Black tea contains tannic acid, which has astringent effect and good analgesic effect. Rinse your mouth with diluted hydrogen peroxide 1 glass of water diluted 1 tablespoon of hydrogen peroxide, which can prevent oral ulcer infection and accelerate recovery. ● Alum can prevent the infection from worsening. Alum is an active ingredient in hemostatic drugs and can be used in the early stage of oral ulcer. Alum is a bactericide and analgesic, which can prevent the infection from getting worse, but it can't eliminate the oral ulcer. Gargling with magnesium oxide can form a protective layer on the surface of oral ulcer and also has antibacterial effect. ● Mouthwash made of golden grass. Strong tea made of golden grass roots is used as mouthwash. Or made into paste and directly applied to the ulcer, with good effect. ● Avoid irritating substances such as coffee, spicy seasonings, orange fruits and stone fruits rich in arginine, especially walnuts, chocolates and strawberries, which will stimulate oral ulcers and cause oral ulcers in some people. Therefore, this kind of food should be avoided. ● Eating yogurt every day and eating 4 tablespoons of original yogurt every day can send benign bacteria into the mouth and fight those harmful bacteria, which is beneficial to prevent oral ulcers. ● Avoid foods that can cause ulcers. Avoid chewing gum, smoking, coffee, hot food and foods that can cause oral ulcers. ● Nutrients ① 500 mg of lysine cyanic acid three times a day, taken on an empty stomach. Lack of this amino acid may lead to oral ulcers inside and outside the mouth. ② Add vitamin B 12 and folic acid, and take it under the tongue on an empty stomach according to the product instructions. ③ Vitamin C is 3,000,8000 mg per day, divided into several times. Use a buffered dosage form containing bioflavonoids. ④ Pantothenic acid D5, 50 100 mg three times a day, is an anti-stress vitamin, which is necessary for adrenal function. The adrenal gland is an endocrine gland that fights tension. ⑤ Garlic essence capsules, 3 capsules each, 3 times a day. As a natural antibiotic and immune activator. ● Medicinal plants can be used to treat oral ulcers, such as burdock, golden grass, baoge fruit tea and red alfalfa. Red raspberry tea is also very effective. ● Eat more onions and lettuce and eat a lot of onion and lettuce salad. Onions contain sulfur and have therapeutic effects. Although there are many preventive measures for the treatment of oral ulcer, they are basically symptomatic treatment. The main purpose is to relieve pain or reduce the number of recurrences. It is difficult to completely control the recurrence. Oral ulcer is largely related to personal physical fitness. Therefore, it is unlikely to completely avoid it, but if the inducing factors are avoided as much as possible, the incidence rate can still be reduced. Therefore, the prevention of this disease is particularly important. In life, we should pay attention to the following aspects: pay attention to oral hygiene and avoid damaging oral mucosa. Ensure adequate sleep time and avoid excessive fatigue. I keep a good mood, optimistic and cheerful, and avoid worry. Pay attention to the regularity of daily life and the balance of nutrition, quit smoking and alcohol, insist on physical exercise, have a light diet, eat more vegetables and fruits, keep the stool unobstructed and prevent constipation. Women should pay attention to rest before and after menstruation, keep a happy mood, avoid excessive fatigue, have a light diet, eat more fruits, fresh vegetables, drink more water, etc., so as to reduce the chance of aphtha. It is especially reminded that Behcet's disease, oral mucosal injury ulcer, herpetic stomatitis, erythema multiforme, tuberculous ulcer, contact stomatitis, necrotizing gingivitis and cancer ulcer can also be clinically manifested as oral ulcers, among which cancer ulcer is the most dangerous. Squamous cell carcinoma accounts for about 90% of the malignant tumors of oral ulcer. Squamous cell carcinoma can be divided into tongue cancer, gingival cancer, buccal cancer and floor of mouth cancer. Among other cancerous tumors, adenocarcinoma, malignant melanoma, malignant lymphoma and malignant mixed tumor located in the palate can also be manifested as cancerous ulcers of oral mucosa. Up to now, the causes of oral cancer are not completely clear, and the known pathogenic factors are: chronic stimulation (frequent stimulation of buccal and lingual mucosa by sharp cusp and poor prosthesis); Chronic inflammatory oral ulcer (such as chronic ulcer of tongue, chronic oral ulcer of soft palate, etc., which will easily lead to cancer). These can be manifested as cancer ulcers, which are common in the lips and tongue, and are characterized by deep ulcers with irregular edges, tough and protruding edges and infiltration around them. No matter which kind of disease manifests as oral ulcer, it can not be ignored, and it is better to find and treat it early.