Hakka architecture with Chinese and western styles in Guangdong
In addition to its unique subtropical scenery, the most distinctive and mysterious thing is Hakka culture. Fujian is the birthplace of ancient Yue culture in China. It is said that at the end of the Western Jin Dynasty, due to the constant campaign of the Central Plains, some Han people in the Yellow River Basin migrated south to cross the river to avoid war and came to present Jiangxi, Fujian and northern Guangdong. In order to be different from the original local residents, it is called "Hakka". Hakka people have developed a unique culture of their own in the long historical process. Hakka culture in Fujian is concentrated in the west of Fujian, with Changting as the center. The word "Hakka" probably represents the incomprehensible Hakka dialect, the Hakka earth buildings and countless Hakka ancestral temples. Edit the construction scale of this section. There are more than 8,000 large square and round earth buildings in Yongding County.
Luo Zhuoying former residence Jiangdong Xiaozhu
There are only 360 circular buildings, the largest of which is 82 meters in diameter, and the smallest is Rusheng Building in Hongkeng Village, with a diameter of 17 meters. The oldest is the "Chengqi Building" in Gaobei Village, Gaotou Township, which was built in A.D. 1709, with a diameter of 73 meters. At most, more than 80 families lived in the building, with more than 600 people. The most magnificent and representative building is Zhencheng Building in Hongkeng Village. Tulou was square at first, with palace style, mansion style and different postures. It is not only strange, but also full of mystery, solid and firm. Grain is piled up in the building and livestock are raised. If there is a well, if you need to guard against the enemy, you only need to close the gate, and several young and middle-aged people guard the gate. The earth building is like a strong fortress, and women, children, old and young can rest easy. Because the square earth building has directionality, dark corners and different ventilation and lighting, Hakka people have designed a round earth building with good ventilation and lighting, which has neither a beginning nor an end. The earth building is built with local materials and rammed with local clay sand. Every 10cm thick layer in the wall is covered with bamboo battens as wall plates, which play the role of mutual strength. It is convenient to construct and cheap to build. The miracle of tulou group fully embodies the collective strength and superb wisdom of Hakka people.
At the same time, it also shines with the brilliance of the excellent culture of the Chinese nation. Since the reform and opening up, Yongding Tulou has attracted more and more attention from the world. Zhencheng Building, located in Hongkeng Village, Hukeng Town, Yongding County, is world-famous and known as a pearl in the history of human civilization. Visiting all kinds of buildings is often the highlight of tourism, from imperial palaces to ordinary houses, from the Great Wall of Wan Li to pavilions and pavilions, every building has its inexhaustible exquisiteness and beauty. However, in the west of Fujian, I saw the most shocking residential building-Hakka earth building, whose appearance can be compared with the magnificent arena of ancient Rome, and it makes people wonder whether the design of many modern gymnasiums has been influenced by it. Because of its unique shape, huge momentum, moisture-proof and earthquake-resistant advantages, Tulou is known as a unique mythical residential building in the world. Editor's architectural style The earth building in this paragraph is a collective building built with earth as the wall, which is round, semi-circular, square, quadrangular, pentagonal, chair-shaped, dustpan-shaped, etc., and has its own characteristics, among which the round one is the most eye-catching, and the locals call it the round building or the round village.
Shenzhen Hakka Weida Wanshiju
Tulou is a collective building, and its biggest feature lies in its large shape. No matter from a distance or in front of it, Tulou is shocking by its huge single-unit building, and its volume is the largest among residential houses. The most common round building in the earth building we visited is about 50 meters in diameter, with a height of three or four floors. There are more than 100 houses, which can accommodate 30 to 40 families and accommodate 200 to 300 people. The large round building can reach 70-80 meters in diameter and five or six stories high, with four or five hundred houses that can accommodate seven or eight hundred people. Tulou, a residential building, reflects the folk customs of Hakka people living together. From the research of history and architecture, the architectural style of tulou is a self-defense living style for ethnic security. At that time, under the situation of Japanese invasion outside and civil war inside every year, Hakkas who moved for a family traveled thousands of miles to other places and chose one that was both
Architectural methods that are conducive to family reunion and can defend against war have been adopted. The descendants of the same ancestor form an independent society in a tulou, with * * * honor and * * * disgrace. Therefore, it is probably the most appropriate induction of tulou to be restrained from the outside and condensed from the inside. The round building is the most distinctive building in the local earth buildings. Generally speaking, it starts from a circle center and spreads out layer by layer according to different radii, just like the water waves in the lake, which is very spectacular. Its center is the family ancestral hall, followed by the ancestral hall, the veranda and the people living in the outermost ring. The whole tulou room is the same size, with an area of about 10 square meters. With the same staircase, there is no secret in each family. There are many types of earth buildings, one of which is a three-hall system with upper, middle and lower halls arranged in depth along the central axis. In such earth buildings, the lower hall is generally the entrance and exit, which is placed at the forefront; Nave is in the center, a place for family gatherings and welcoming guests; Shangtang is the innermost place where ancestral tablets are enshrined. In addition to the unique structure, the window sill, porch and cornice inside the earth building are also extremely gorgeous and exquisite, which is really a wonderful work in China residential buildings. There are many types of Hakka earth buildings, one of which is a three-hall system with upper, middle and lower halls arranged in depth along the central axis. In such earth buildings, the lower hall is usually the entrance and exit, which is placed at the front; Nave is in the center, a place for family gatherings and welcoming guests; Shangtang is the innermost place where ancestral tablets are enshrined. In addition to the unique structure, the window sill, porch and cornice inside the earth building are also extremely gorgeous and exquisite, which is really a wonderful work in China residential buildings. There are three typical Hakka earth buildings, namely Wufeng Building, Square Building and Yuanzhai. On the whole, with three rooms,
Wufeng Tower, centered on Fenggang Diaolou in Dongguan, contains a clear sense of inferiority. It is certain that it is the continuation and development of the ancient courtyard layout in the middle reaches of the Yellow River, the birthplace of Han culture. In its group combination, only the upper hall (main hall) at the end of the axis adopts a thick rammed earth bearing wall. The layout of the square building is similar to that of the Wufeng building, but its thick earth wall is extended from the upper room to the whole periphery. Obviously, its defense is greatly strengthened. Yuan Zhai, as far as its name is concerned, has shown two characteristics. On the one hand, in the circular building, three halls have been hidden, and the priority of ranking is seriously weakened; On the other hand, Zhai is a fortress, and its defense function has risen to the first place, which has become an extremely effective paramilitary project. Hakka tulou architecture has many advantages, such as full economy, good firmness, wonderful physics, outstanding defensiveness, unique artistry and so on.