Garlic garlic seeds should be virus-free varieties. According to the size of garlic cloves, 500g/100 cloves are Grade I, 400g/100 cloves are Grade II, and 300g/100 cloves are Grade III. Don't peel garlic when planting in high alkaline soil, so as not to return to alkali and corrode seed petals.
2, timely sowing
The suitable sowing date of garlic in autumn is 5 cm, the ground temperature is kept at 18-20 degrees, and the suitable sowing date is 65438+1early October. Sowing in this period, the plant will grow 5-6 leaves before overwintering, with a plant height of about 25 cm and 30 roots.
3. Apply sufficient base fertilizer and intensive cultivation.
After the last crop of garlic sown in autumn is harvested, chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer are spread on the surface and ploughed for more than 25 cm, so that the fertilizer is evenly distributed in the soil; Then sow at intervals of 5-7 days to prevent seedlings from burning; The dosage of organic fertilizer per mu is 4000-5000 kg, which should be thoroughly decomposed to prevent garlic maggots.
Fertilizer dosage: according to soil fertility, apply 80- 100 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer per mu.
4, the correct planting
The furrow sowing method is adopted, the furrow width is 2-3m, each furrow is sown with 8- 12 rows, the furrow is furrowed with the row spacing of 15-20cm, the seed petals are planted in the soil with the row spacing of18cm, the seed petals are kept upright, and the seed petals should be placed on the back when sowing. After planting, cover it with 1.5-2 cm soil and water it. Spraying herbicide acetochlor or weeding every 2-3 days. See the instructions for pesticide use for specific dosage, and then cover with plastic film.
Note: the sowing depth should be appropriate. Too deep, seedling emergence is late, garlic is squeezed by soil and it is difficult to grow; Too shallow, when garlic takes root, the top of garlic cloves will be exposed to the ground (jumping cloves), which will affect the development.
5. Break the membrane in time
After planting for 5-7 days, most garlic bud sheaths can break through the plastic film to expose the film surface, and a few garlic seedlings need artificial assistance to punch holes and release seedlings. During this period, check 1 time every day. If the garlic seedlings are not exposed, pat them gently with a broom.
6, reasonable watering, appropriate topdressing
Water should be controlled before emergence and overwintering. If the soil moisture is too high, garlic will rot ahead of time, which will affect the root development. The rotten mother stage occurs around the vernal equinox of the following year. At this time, combined with watering green water, topdressing high-nitrogen and high-potassium compound fertilizer, 20-25 kg per mu, to avoid or alleviate the phenomenon of yellow shoots. After turning green, garlic grows into a vigorous period. Water is poured every half month, and water is stopped 3-4 days before bolting. Before bolting, high nitrogen and high potassium compound fertilizer should be applied with water, with 20-25 kg per mu. Water it in time after bolting, keep the soil dry and moist, and stop watering 5-7 days before harvesting.
Note: Fertilizer should be dissolved in containers and applied with water.
7, timely harvest
When the garlic bolt is harvested, the sign of maturity is that the bud becomes bigger, the color turns white, and the top of the garlic bolt is bent into a hook shape. 18- Garlic can be harvested 20 days after the garlic bolt is harvested; The sign of garlic maturity is that most of the leaves are dry and the false stems are soft. It is easy to scatter petals when the harvest is too late.
Physiological problems that often appear in the process of culture
First, the phenomenon of "burning seedlings"
The primary roots atrophy and degenerate, showing rust color, and the plants are easy to pull up from the soil. After sowing for one month, the plant is dark green with 3-4 leaves, and the leaves are short and small. When the height of the plant is 8- 10 cm, the plant stops growing. The field symptom of "burning seedlings" phenomenon is that the plant is short, stops growing, and the whole plant does not emerge.
Reasons for burning seedlings:
1, the depth of cultivated land is shallow, less than 25 cm, the depth of rotary cultivated land is generally 10- 15 cm, and the concentration of fertilizer in the topsoil is too high.
2. When fertilizing the soil, the soil moisture is high, which leads to uneven distribution of fertilizer in the soil layer and high local concentration.
3. The planting time is short, and the interval between fertilization and sowing is short.
4. The input of organic fertilizer is less, and the content of soil organic matter is low.
5. Excessive application of chemical fertilizers.
Second, withdraw the mother in advance.
Reason: After emergence, affected by continuous rainfall, soil moisture is too high, soil oxygen content is low, garlic roots are anoxic, suffocating and retting, and mother leaves are early, which affects the nutrient supply of garlic mother.
Third, in April and May of the following year, the low temperature and heavy rainfall affected the development of garlic, resulting in small.
Reason: April-May is the period when garlic shoots stretch and garlic heads swell. At this stage, we need a temperature of 15-20 degrees and more than 8 hours of sunshine every day, otherwise it will affect garlic.
Fourth, garlic, garlic.
Sowing is too late and the low temperature (0-4 degrees) is not enough (usually 30-40 days). Then, under the sunshine and high temperature of more than 8 hours, the flower buds will not germinate garlic bolts, and at this time, if there is no nutrient supply, a single garlic will be formed.
Five, yellow tip, dry leaves
The reasons are: continuous cropping, the harm of garlic maggots, nutritional transformation when leaving the mother, etc. Solution: reasonable rotation, timely watering and fertilization, and timely prevention and control of garlic maggots.
Sixth, secondary growth
In the normal growth process of garlic, the newly formed garlic petals continue to grow and differentiate leaves, forming secondary plants and even producing secondary garlic.
Reason: The secondary growth will be aggravated by too large seed petals (above 10g), premature sowing, too thin planting or premature topdressing irrigation.
Eliminate pests and diseases
1, garlic maggot
The maternal withdrawal period is serious, which mainly harms underground bulbs.
Suggested drugs:
48% chlorpyrifos EC 250g/ mu, 1000 times solution, root irrigation.
1.8% avermectin EC, 500ml/ mu, root irrigation.
52.25% Nongtianle EC (chlorpyrifos+cypermethrin) 250g/mu, 800 times of liquid, irrigated with roots.
50% Nine Treasures (imidacloprid+phoxim) EC 200-300g/ mu, 1000 times solution, root irrigation.
2. White rot
The fibrous roots of diseased plants soften and rot, bulbs are soaked in water, and white velvet mycelium grows when wet.
Suggested drugs:
50% chlorpheniramine WP 100g/ mu, 1000 times solution, spray.
50% carbendazim WP, 250g/mu, 800 times solution, spray.
40% SC 75- 100g/ mu, 800- 1000 times solution, spraying.
Step 3 rust
It mainly harms leaves and pseudostems. At first, the diseased area was spindle-shaped green spots, and then round or oval yellow herpes spots appeared.
Suggested drugs:
43% HOLIKE SC, 20-25g/ mu, 4000-6000 times liquid, spray.
40% Fuxing EC, 12- 15g/ mu, 6000-7000 times solution, spray.
10% Shigao water-soluble granules, 80-100g/mu, 1000- 1200 times, spraying. rust
4. Purple spot disease
Most of the diseases in the field began at the tip of leaves or in the middle of pedicels, and spread to the lower part a few days later. At first, it was a small white spot with a purplish center. After expansion, it was a yellow-brown rotating or oval lesion. When the humidity is high, black mold will appear in the affected area.
Suggested drugs:
64% antiviral alum wettable powder,100g/mu, 1000 times solution, spray.
69% Anke manganese zinc wettable powder,100g/mu, 1000 times solution, spray.
52.5% yikuaijing dispersible granule, 30-50g/ mu, 2000-3000 times solution, spray.
5. Leaf blight
It mainly harms leaves and pedicels. At first, the disease site was white spots, and after expansion, it was irregular or oval grayish yellow or grayish brown spots, on which black mold grew, and in severe cases, the diseased leaves died.
Suggested drugs:
58% metalaxyl manganese zinc wettable powder,100g/mu, 1000 times solution, spray.
72% gram green wettable powder,100g/mu, 1000 times solution, spray.
6, bacterial soft rot
Garlic began to rot from the false stems underground, and a foul smell and milky white bacteria overflowed. With the development of the disease, the diseased plants gradually showed poor growth, short stature, withered leaves due to water loss, red leaves, and it was difficult to extract new leaves. Finally, the underground part of the diseased plant
Rot away, the ground part is dead.
Suggested drugs:
77% kocide wettable powder,100g/mu, 1000 times solution, spray.
72% agricultural streptomycin or phytomycin,150-200g/mu, 4000 times liquid spray.
47% Galinon wettable powder, 125- 165g/ mu 600-800 times solution, spray.