One, facility requirements and conditions

Planting of grouped seedlings must have certain isolation conditions. First, the air humidity in 80% -90% or so; Second, the light saturation point of 17000-22000L x, light compensation point of 2000 L x; Third, the soil layer is deep, rich in organic matter, ventilation performance is good, the soil does not carry germs; Fourth, the optimal temperature during the growth period of 25 ℃ or so.

Second, the technical requirements before transplantation of seedlings

1, land preparation: open ditch moisture, moisture surface width of 120cm, loosening the soil layer of 30cm.

2, soil disinfection: one is 50 kg per mu with quicklime sprinkled on the moisture surface, and then deep turning; the second is 60 kg per mu sprayed 40% formaldehyde 300 times solution, the moisture surface covered with plastic film, close the greenhouse, high-temperature smothering smoked for 10-15 days, and then uncovered ventilated for more than 7-10 days.

3, fertilization: a small amount of fully rotted farmyard manure and composite fertilizer can be applied, deep turning evenly mixed into the soil.

4, watering: transplanting 1 day before the moisture surface of the soil layer watering.

Three, transplanting seedlings

1, disinfection: after the vials of seedlings will be root culture medium wash, and then soaked with 50% carbendazim 500 times solution for 5-8 minutes to disinfect the treatment.

2, planting specifications: the spacing between the planting of the histoculture seedlings is

15 × 15 cm

.

3, Watering: After planting the seedlings of the histopoietic planting watering, and then according to the humidity of the soil to determine whether to water, the general soil humidity is maintained at 50%-60% that can be.

4, heat preservation and moisturizing: after transplanting seedlings, in the moisture surface to build a small arch, in order to heat preservation and moisturizing to improve the survival rate of seedlings in culture. The temperature should be kept within 13 ℃

-30 ℃

, the air humidity should be kept at about 80%-90%.

5, ventilation: after transplanting seedlings, we should often check the temperature and humidity in the small arch, such as found that the temperature or humidity is too high, it is necessary to open the small arch in a timely manner to ventilate the temperature and humidity, to prevent the seedlings from burns, rot.

6, fertilization: after the survival of the group cultivation seedlings, to the konjac maturity, spraying Nongke 1 (Agricultural Academy of Sciences, Biological Institute of homemade) foliar fertilizer 2-3 times, the application of compound fertilizer 1-2 times.

7, pest control: a pest of konjac is mainly copper-green turtle, adult rodent konjac leaves, larvae also hollow bulb and rhizome, its wounds can carry soft rot disease germs, resulting in the occurrence of soft rot disease, harmful. If you find the soil in this insect, can be used to kill the insecticide. Secondly, the disease of konjac mainly has soft rot, white silk disease, root rot, leaf blight and virus disease. Konjac disease is mainly to prevent the main, once the disease cure rate is almost zero. If you find the disease plant, immediately take the whole plant with soil out of the ground for burning or buried, while 10 million units of agricultural streptomycin in 50 kg of water irrigation hole (soft rot), or in the hole and around the lime (white serosis), timely control, to prevent diffusion. In the high temperature and high humidity of June and September, it is easy to occur soft rot, white silk disease and other diseases. After entering June, use agricultural streptomycin to hit every 7 days, 3 times in a row, in order to prevent soft rot, leaf blight and other diseases, the whole growth cycle of spraying 2-3 times, at the same time, according to different diseases to develop different control programs.

8, weed control: before transplanting seedlings in culture can be used paraquat

20% water, 3-6 kg per hectare plus

50% atrazine water 3-8 kg spray soil, thoroughly remove weeds. Weeds should be pulled out immediately after transplanting the seedlings. When pulling weeds, care should be taken to prevent damage to the seedlings.

9, Harvest: Harvested seedlings can get an average

50 -60 grams

seed taro, the largest can reach 200 grams or so, taro whip 2-3. Disease-free and detoxified konjac seedlings have 3-11 leaves, and some konjac can get 2-5 seeds at the same time.

Konjac planting technology (two)

Konjac is the dry tuber of Amorphophallus rivieri DUrieu (Amorphophallus rivieri DUrieu), also known as the flower pole star, ghost taro. It has the efficacy of eliminating swelling and dispersing knots, detoxifying and relieving pain. Mainly produced in Sichuan, Guizhou, Shaanxi, Gansu, Fujian and other provinces, China's middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River can be cultivated.

(-)Morphological characteristics

Perennial herb, plant height up to 1 m, tuber compressed orbicular globose, fleshy, reddish-brown, up to 20 cm in diameter, the leaves from the center of the tuber, erect, stalk longer, greenish-white, leaf blade is large, 3 pinnately divided, long elliptic, apex acuminate, and petiole jointed into a winged, entire, calyx tubers produced at the top, the base with several scales. base with several scalelike leaf envelopes, spathe dark purple, apex acute. Flesh spikes, flattened, longer than spathe, purple-brown, flowers purple-red, slightly odoriferous, berries globose, yellow-green when ripe. Flowering in July-August, fruiting in September-October.

(2) growth habit

Konjac prefers a shady and humid environment, born in fertile soil under the forests, slopes and homes next to the sun, afraid of drought, afraid of flooding, afraid of the wind, the soil to fertile, loose, thick sandy soil and sandy loam with humus for the best. Avoid continuous cropping, usually 2-3 years apart before planting again.

The seeds have the characteristic of after-ripening, and need to be sand-hidden for about 5 months after harvesting, and can be harvested after 1-2 years of asexual reproduction, and can be harvested after 2-3 years of seed reproduction.

(C) cultivation techniques

1. Selection, land selection, choose deep soil, moist soil, well-drained, humus-rich sandy loam, can be selected under the forest shady place to plant, in the pre-winter ploughing 30cm, fine rake, picking off the stones, weed roots, combined with ploughing per acre of cake fertilizer 50 kg and 3,000 kg of rotting stable manure or compost, as a high bed about 1.3 meters wide, the border between the good openings, the beds are about 1.3 meters. The beds are about 1.3 meters wide, and a good drainage ditch is opened between the beds.

2. Reproduction methods in the production of asexual reproduction is more, some places also use seed reproduction.

(1) asexual reproduction in April planting, selected on the port flat, no pests and diseases of taro as seed taro, size 220-300 grams / a suitable. Under the seed before the sun l-2 days with 50% carbendazim 400 times liquid or 50% methyltobutazin 500 times liquid soaked seeds 15-20 minutes. If the seed taro single weight of 500 grams or more can be cut into blocks, and to ensure that each seed block must have side buds. Cave sowing or open furrow strip seeding, plant spacing depending on the size of the seed taro, such as 200 grams / a seed taro, plant spacing of 50 cm X 60 cm. When planting, the buds face up, covered with 3-4 cm of fine soil, and then covered with 1 layer of thin grass to moisturize.

(2) seed propagation can be in late August will be harvested seeds, mixed with sand rubbing, to pulp, selecting full seeds mixed with 2-3 times the amount of moist river sand sand hiding. The following year in March-April when the dew white take out sowing, according to the rows of plants 30 cm X 25 cm digging holes spot sowing.

3. field management

(l) weeding konjac after the return of green, should be removed by hand weeds, weeding, pay attention not to trample on the beds, the growing period of grass in addition.

(2) fertilization in spring after the emergence of seedlings 20-30 cm high, to apply the first seedling fertilizer, per mu watering 1000 kg of human feces or urea 10 kg, August for the formation of tubers, per acre of human feces and urine 2000 kg.

(3) shade konjac likes shady and humid environment, can be planted between the bed ditch corn shade, not only can prevent glare, but also make full use of the land to increase revenue.

4. Disease and pest control

(1) soft rot disease for tuber and rhizome. Prevention and control methods: ① and cereal crops, crop rotation interval of 2-3 years; ② selected disease-free seed planting; ③ onset of 500 times spray with diclofenac, every 7 days, 2-3 times in a row; or 50% carbendazim 400 times liquid or 50% metribuzin 500 times liquid spraying or watering of diseased holes.

(2) white silk disease July-September high temperature and high humidity conditions are prone to, for the stem base. Prevention and control methods: ① open ditch drainage, pay attention to shade; ② 50% carbendazim 500 times liquid or 50% metribuzin spray; ③ pull out the diseased plants, burned immediately.

(3) insect pests mainly red spider, sweet potato moth, etc., available 90% trichlorfon 800-1000 times liquid or 40% Rogaine l000-1500 times liquid spray control.

(D) Harvesting and processing

Autumn to be part of the withering of the ground, choose a sunny day to dig up the tubers, pay attention to do not damage, remove the soil, miscellaneous stems and leaves, fibrous roots, wash, scrape off the outer skin to dry. With a stainless steel knife or bamboo knife will be cut into 0.5-l cm thick slices of tubers, put in 1% lime water bleaching for about 10 minutes after taking out of the spread on a bamboo mat to dry in the sun, rainy days can be used to ordinary drying stove kang dry.

Konjac planting technology (three)

Konjac is a traditional cash crop in mountainous areas, in recent years, konjac production has been gradually planted by the house sporadic planting into the large-scale commercial production, and has become a local pillar industry. Scale planting to obtain high yield, high efficiency, should master the following technical points:

One, choose the best environment, set a good planting plot

Konjac is suitable for growing in a mild climate, even rainfall, cloudy and foggy, moderate light environmental conditions, the soil to neutral to slightly acidic is appropriate. Mountainous areas at an altitude of about 800-1200 meters high mountain, two high mountain areas, the development of konjac is most suitable; high mountain planting konjac, can be taken to film cover; low mountain planting konjac, the need for appropriate shade between sets. In the plot selection, should choose deep soil, fertile soil, good permeability, not easy to waterlogged gentle slope sandy loam, light loam best. The soil is sticky, easy to waterlogged plots, not suitable for planting konjac.

Two, deep plowing and bottom fertilizer, pay attention to soil disinfection

Konjac planting land is best for winter turning kang soil, ripening the soil, in order to reduce the base of pests and diseases, sowing mu with 1.5-2 pounds of diclofenac mixing fine soil sprinkled, but also can be used to spray the sprayer; on the plot of contiguous with 150 pounds of quicklime per mu, sprinkled with disinfectant. Turn over more than 30 centimeters deep, and according to 1.2-1.3 meters for the ridge, the height of the ridge is more than 25 centimeters. Konjac fields require to do ditch box supporting, ditch ditch, side ditch depth of 30 cm or more, the center of the ditch depth of 40 cm or more, to ensure smooth drainage, rain and dry field.

Konjac is a fertilizer crop, a greater demand for potash, should adhere to the "fertilizer-based, fertilizer as a complementary" principle, full of bottom fertilizer, heavy application of organic fertilizer, acres of farmyard manure 5,000 kilograms of composite fertilizer 50 kilograms or more.

Three, seed taro size grading, classification of timely early sowing

Timely sowing is an important part of the konjac capture stable yield, high yield, based on the characteristics of konjac growth, the requirements of its ground temperature stabilization through the 10 ℃, the temperature stabilization through the 12 ℃-15 ℃ when sowing. Specific sowing time, low mountains should be grabbed in mid to late March before sowing, high mountains, two high mountains should be in mid-April before grabbing moisture early sowing. Seed taro sowing before the best sun 1 1 2 days, and with 5OO a 1000PPM agro-streptomycin seed disinfection for 30 minutes, and then sowing. In order to effectively prevent the occurrence of disease, should be selected without disease spots, no damage to the konjac tubers as seed taro, and do size grading, classification sowing. Specifically according to the size of the seed taro, to determine the reasonable density, the general spacing is 6 times the diameter of the konjac, plant spacing is 4 times the diameter of the konjac. Larger seeds, mu plant 2000 a 3000 plants, 150-250 grams of konjac seed, need mu plant about 4000 plants.

Four, timely cover grass after sowing, strengthen field management

Konjac sowing, in the compartment spraying "good to Shi", "Wo Nai Si" and other pre-emergence herbicides, chemical weed control, the conditions of the plot available straw, corn stalks, The conditioned plots can be covered with rice straw, corn stalks, grain husks, leaves, etc. to achieve moisturizing, temperature regulation, grass pressure and other effects.

In order to reduce and prevent the occurrence of konjac disease, in addition to selecting suitable plots, good soil, seed taro and other disinfection, konjac growth period should be strictly prevented from field stains, a reasonable set of, for konjac to create a good shade environment. If found timely removal of diseased plants, has fallen over the diseased plants should be taken out of the ground buried, and on the diseased plant holes sprinkled with lime to step on the soil. At the same time to avoid damage to the konjac tissue due to field operations, and induced disease.

Five, pharmaceutical root irrigation and spraying, strict prevention of disease occurrence

Konjac seedlings can be used after the agricultural streptomycin 500PPM liquid, or 500 times the solution of the green stop, or promote the root of bactericidal treasure 600 times the solution of biopesticides for root irrigation (50 ml / plant); in the disease occurs in serious in August-September, and then foliar spraying 2-3 times, each time the interval of 10-15 days, to achieve the alternation of pharmaceuticals! The spraying solution is 40-50 kilograms per mu, and the filtered marsh liquid can also be used for spraying if possible, which can play a role in fertilizer and disease prevention.

Konjac planting technology (four)

Konjac is also known as the ghost head, flower rod, the scientific name Konjac, belongs to the family of Amanita muscaria perennial herbaceous plants.

Konjac is extremely rich in nutrients. It is determined that the konjac contains a large number of glucomannan and 17 kinds of amino acids needed by the human body, as well as a variety of unsaturated fatty acids. According to "Compendium of Materia Medica" and "Dictionary of Traditional Chinese Medicine" and other medical monographs, konjac has a swelling, dispersal of toxins, phlegm, pulse, stomach and other functions, so by the world's health food market favor, popular in Southeast Asia. And expensive, per ton of konjac fine powder in Hong Kong and Macao market up to more than 2000 U.S. dollars.

Konjac is widely adapted to the soil, temperature and other conditions do not require high, plains, mountainous areas, field corners, in front of the house can be planted. Konjac use of high value, can be processed konjac noodles, pastries, jam, small champagne and other serialized food and medicine. Therefore, the development and utilization of konjac has broad prospects.

I, konjac on environmental conditions. Konjac's above ground stem resembles a snake with a point, compound leaves are pinnate, leaflets for pinnate division, the whole branch and a single stem to form a soy sauce color inverted umbrella. Underground stems are bulbous, bulb contains a toxic substance alkaloid, numb hands and mouth, but can be eaten after bleaching with bleaching soda or gray soda bleaching. Cultivation should be selected on the port flat, small eyes, shaped like a cone for seed, the first year did not rot through the shell of the konjac can not be used for seed, konjac prefer cool climate, shade and humidity. Soil to deep loam or sandy soil is appropriate, heavy clay, cold sandy soil is not suitable for planting konjac. Avoid heavy stubble land and previous stubble is chili and tobacco land. Soil PH value 6.5-7.5 is appropriate. Slightly acidic land can also be planted.

Two, cultivation time and method. Seedling in mid-April, transplanting in early May is appropriate. Seedling method is the same as sweet potato seedling. With moist fine soil or fine sand, a layer of soil a layer of konjac seed. Keep the seedbed 15-25 ℃, relative humidity 75%. After 25 days or so, the seed taro began to sprout, grow new roots, can be transplanted to the field. Before transplanting, the field should be deep plowing and fine harrowing, so that the living soil layer of 26-33 centimeters. Compartment width of 3 meters, ditch depth of 20-25 cm (to be able to exclude stagnant water is appropriate), the ground is good and then horizontally open the seeding ditch. The groove is 16 centimeters wide. Sowing ditch depth, distance should be based on the seed taro. General selection of medium-sized (250 grams) seed taro. Each 667 square meters with 800-900 kilograms of seed, small seed taro (a weight of 50 grams or less), each 667 square meters with 600 kilograms of seed. Before planting to reapply fertilizer, mixed with potash, per 667 square meters of organic fertilizer 1500 kilograms, potash 5 kilograms. Fertilizer and seed taro can not be in contact with each other, after seeding to cover 3.5-5 cm of fine soil, and then apply nest fertilizer. Seed taro should be tilted staggered, to prevent drought, rain, in order to facilitate the rapid sprouting without injuring the buds and seed rot and normal growth of young shoots.

Three, konjac field management. First, to fertilizer, konjac because of long tubers, fertilizer needs. Seedling should be timely fertilizer, every 667 square meters with 4000 kg of animal and human fertilizer, urea or ammonium sulfate and other 5-7.5 kg for seedling lifting. Secondly, we should be diligent in plowing (generally 3 times), diligent weeding, keep the soil loose. Plowing can not damage the roots of konjac, so as not to cause seedling rot. Every plowing 1 time, that is, 1 time fertilizer, root and stem 1 time. Before and after the white dew and then chase 1 time dilute manure fertilizer, 3000 kg per 667 square meters, in order to enhance the aboveground part of the growth, inhibit leaf senescence, delay the inversion of the seedling period, prolong the photosynthesis time, in order to promote the expansion of the bulb. Drought should be drought-resistant until the inverted seedling. Third, disease prevention and insect control, the peak period of the disease is July-August. Found that the diseased plants pulled out in time, and sprinkled some lime powder or sulfur powder around the diseased plants to prevent the disease from expanding and spreading. At the same time, with 50% of the polymyxin wettable powder 1000 times spray, every 10 days 1 time, 2-3 times in a row can achieve the effect of prevention and control. Pests are mainly taro moths, root maggots, nematodes and old moths, etc., with 90% of trichlorfon 0.5 kg of water 400 kg spray, can achieve the effect of prevention and control.

Four, konjac harvesting. Konjac the entire reproductive period of about 7 months. When the local stem yellowing inverted seedlings, can be harvested. The best harvesting period in October inverted seedlings after 1 month or so, because inverted seedlings in 1 month, underground tubers can continue to grow. If the inverted seedlings after rain is not much, frost and snow is not big, the weather is relatively warm, the harvesting time can also be delayed to improve the yield. After harvesting and digging the konjac, will be good taro and injury taro separate stall drying, to be blown dry moisture, that is, on the indoor floor or in the linoleum and other moisture-proof material on the ground stacked storage, or processing, sales.

China organic agriculture network cnoa360.com