A chestnut pumpkin growth and development of environmental conditions
Chestnut pumpkin belongs to the temperature-loving crops, its growth temperature of 25-28 ℃ or so, less heat-resistant than ordinary pumpkin. At 32 ℃ high temperature, poor growth. Chestnut pumpkin low temperature tolerance is good, 15 ℃ conditions can be normal flowering. But higher than 38 ℃ these pumpkins can not be normal flowering and development.
The pumpkin's root system is well developed, to form a huge root group in the late stages of growth, the main root can be up to 100 centimeters deep, and most of the roots are distributed in about 15 centimeters. Pumpkin belongs to the short sunshine crop, lower temperatures and short sunshine can promote the production of female flowers. Generally in the spring, early sowing can be early flowering, most varieties of spring sowing, the main vine about 13-14 sections can open female flowers. Chestnut pumpkin has a high requirement for sunlight, in low light conditions, the leaves are yellowish, often melting melon, should be noted.
Second, cultivation techniques
1. Sowing seedlings
Cultivation in the southern region can generally start sowing in early February, March planting. Before sowing, use 50 ℃ warm water to soak the seeds for 24 hours, and then germinate. Germination, the seeds covered with a wet towel, placed in a constant temperature of 25-28 ℃ in the box, the third day when the buds are 3-4 mm long, that is, sown to the pre-prepared seedling bowl (diameter 10-12 cm specifications). You can also soak the seeds and sow them directly into the seedling bowl and place them in the hotbed. Seedbed temperature control at about 25-28 ℃, and then buckle on the small arched roof insulation and moisturizing to promote the flush. After the emergence of seedlings, gradually reduce the temperature to 20-25 ℃ during the day and 15 ℃ at night. Seedlings have 2-3 true leaves, should increase the distance between the bowl and the bowl, to prevent crowded seedlings to grow, at this time, seedlings into the flower bud differentiation period, if at 16:00 to the next day at 8:00 with a shade net cover, you can reduce the node of the female flower occurs. Seedling age 40-45 days, seedlings with 4-5 true leaves when planting.
2. Prepare the land and apply basic fertilizer
The land preparation work should be completed 7-10 days before planting. Each acre of land into 1000 kg of rotting organic fertilizer, plus 25 kg (15-15-15) three yuan compound fertilizer as a base fertilizer into, and then make the border. Generally made into 120 cm wide and 60 cm wide walking ditch.
3. Planting
Before planting, the seedbed with 75% Chlorothalonil or 70% Manganese Zinc Dicenzoate once, each nutrient bowl to put compound fertilizer 4-5 grains, to do with fertilizer and medicine planting. Cultivated on the frame, generally planted 2 rows per bed, plant spacing 50 cm, each mu of land can be planted 500-600 plants. Immediately after planting, water the roots.
4. Field management
(1) plant adjustment
frame planting: in the vine length of 60 cm frame. The use of upright orchid frame or "human" frame, advocating the cross-lead vine on the frame. In time, depending on the density, the way of rectification, there is a plant a vine, there is also a main side. Each plant is generally left 3 melons, in the top of a fruit to leave 8 leaves after centering. In addition, before and after the harvest of the first melon should remove the old leaves at the base of the plant to improve ventilation and light, reduce disease.
Crawl planting: the variety of branches and vines luxuriant, easy to cause melon, so to rectify the vine. Generally have a single vine and double vine rectification, rows of single vine rectification, to hit the side branches in time, when the main vine grows to 40 ~ 50 cm, the first pressure vine, followed by an interval of 4 ~ 5 sections of the second pressure vine, so that the pressure vine 3 ~ 4 can be, the main vine grows to 2.5 meters to hit the top. The role of pressure vine is to promote the occurrence of adventitious roots on the stem nodes, assisting the main vine to absorb nutrients, but also conducive to fixing the stem, to prevent the wind from turning over the seedlings, to ensure the normal growth of the plant. The line of double vine branching, more in the main vine 5 ~ 6 section when the top, stay 2 ~ 3 side vines, each side vine to stay a melon top, side vines should also pay attention to the pressure of the vine branching management
(2) Fertilizer and water management
pumpkin on the soil humidity requirements are not high, generally do not need to irrigate before stretching vine, especially in the growth of the former should be appropriate control. Water pre-growth, only at the time of planting pouring a little root fertilizer (1% urea solution or 10% rotted organic fertilizer), no more fertilizer. To be the head of the melon sitting, should be timely fertilizer, 10 kg / mu. After the harvest of the first melon, then apply 3-5 kg of compound fertilizer, and then fertilize as appropriate.
(3) to promote fruiting
The variety of nutrient organ growth is stronger than the growth of reproductive organs, the fruit often do not get enough nutrients, easy to cause melon, and then a flowering and fruiting period is at the time of high temperature and rainy season, there is also a major reason is that most of the pollen is abortive (due to the characteristics of the variety), can not be normal pollination and fertilization. It is best to plant some other pumpkins in the field in small quantities to meet the demand for pollen, but also in the morning of the day of flowering before 10 o'clock with 2,4-D coated flower stalks.
(4) pest control
The main diseases of chestnut pumpkin are the pre-sudden collapse disease, and virus disease, botrytis and powdery mildew in the adult stage. Pests are mainly aphids, thrips, red spider, tigress and so on. It should be controlled in time.
5. Harvest
Pumpkins generally need to undergo a certain amount of growth and development after fruiting in order to accumulate enough sugar to reflect the quality characteristics. In addition, the harvesting period should also take into account market conditions, plant growth status, etc., in order to achieve better economic benefits.