Kiwifruit 1
(2) Kiwifruit 1 is a delicious kiwifruit. It was bred by the Fruit Tree Tea Research Institute of Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences. 1988 and 1992 were awarded by the Chinese Kiwifruit Development Consortium twice? Hope award? First place. 1994 was awarded by the first China Yangling Agricultural Science City Technology Achievements Expo? Hou Ji? . 1995 won the second China Agricultural Expo? Silver award? . In 2002, he won the second prize of scientific and technological progress in Hubei Province. This variety has a large fruit, with an average fruit weight of more than100g and a maximum fruit weight of175g. The fruit is oblate and cylindrical, with a slightly wider top, soluble solids content of18% ~ 26% and total acid content of1.6% ~/kloc. The fruit is yellow-brown, hard and rough, and the hair falls off easily. The flesh is green, juicy, rich in flavor, sweet and sour, and the flavor is particularly good. Early fruit has high and stable yield, strong growth potential, storage and transportation resistance, and strong stress resistance, and matures in the middle and late of 10.
(3) Qinmei is a delicious kiwifruit. It was bred by Shaanxi Fruit Research Institute. The fruit is broadly ovoid, with yellow-green skin, spiny hair and easy to fall off. The average single fruit weight100g, the maximum single fruit weight160g, the flesh is green, juicy, fragrant, sweet and sour, the soluble solid content is 9% ~10.2%, and the total acid content is 1.69% per/kloc. /kloc-0 ripens from late October to early October. This variety is highly productive.
Qin mei
(4) E Kiwifruit No.2 is Chinese Kiwifruit. It was bred by the Fruit Tree Tea Research Institute of Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences. Pinge Kiwifruit No.2 has a single fruit weight of more than 80g, the maximum single fruit weight is 16 1 g, the fruit is oval, the soluble solid content is14% ~16%, the total acid content is 1.46%, and the total sugar content is 7. Hairless. The flesh is golden yellow, juicy, thick, sweet and sour. Early fruit has high and stable yield, strong resistance, beautiful appearance, early maturity and maturity in the middle and late August.
(5) E Kiwifruit No.3 is Chinese Kiwifruit. It was bred by the Fruit Tree Tea Research Institute of Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences. This variety has a large fruit, with an average fruit weight of more than 85g, the maximum fruit weight of155g, long cylindrical fruit, soluble solid content of 15%, total acid content of 1.42%, total sugar content of 5.8 1% and vitamin C content of 550. Hairless. The flesh is golden yellow, juicy, thick, sweet and sour. Early fruit has high and stable yield and strong growth potential, and matures in the first half of September.
actinidia chinensis
(6) Miliang 1 is Mimiliang 1 kiwifruit, which was bred by Jishou University in Hunan. The fruit is long and cylindrical, with brown skin, densely covered with hard and long hairs. The weight of a single fruit is 87 ~110g, the flesh is yellow-green, juicy, fragrant and sweet and sour. Soluble solids content is16% ~18%, total sugar content is 1 1.2%, and organic acid content is 1. 16%, per100g pulp. The germination rate is 47.0%, the average fruit branch rate is 66%, and the average plant yield of 4-year-old trees is 26.9 kg, with the highest of 46.5 kg. Strong growth potential, drought resistance, cold resistance, storage and transportation resistance. /kloc-ripens in early October.
(7) Hongyang Actinidia chinensis. Selected by Sichuan Institute of Resources. The pulp is red or red and yellow, and the fruit is cylindrical, with an average single fruit weight of 50 grams. It matures in early September, bears early fruits and high yields, and the trees are flourishing with medium and high quality.
Distribution of Kiwifruit China is the original center of Kiwifruit, and the origin of Kiwifruit in the world is Wuduhe Town, Yiling District, Yichang City, Hubei Province. Kiwifruit is born on the edge of forest or in thickets on hillsides, and some gardens are cultivated. There are 66 species of Actinidia, 62 of which are naturally distributed in China, and two species of Actinidia deliciosa and Actinidia chinensis are mainly cultivated in the world. The outer skin of delicious kiwifruit is covered with fluff (such as Qin Mei, Xu Xiang, Hayward, etc.), while the outer skin of Chinese kiwifruit is smooth (such as Hongyang, Huang Jinguo, etc.). These two species are mainly distributed in the Yangtze River basin in Central China, and the Qinling Mountains and its south and east of Hengduan Mountains.
By the early 1970s, kiwifruit cultivation was still confined to New Zealand, and the cultivation area was not large. Since then, the unique flavor of kiwifruit has been recognized and welcomed by consumers, so kiwifruit has developed rapidly in the world. Except New Zealand, Chile, Italy, France, Japan and China are all major kiwifruit producers.
Environmental temperature of kiwifruit growth
Temperature is the main factor limiting the distribution, growth and development of kiwifruit. Each species has a suitable temperature range, beyond which it will grow poorly or cannot survive. Most species of kiwifruit require warm and humid climate, that is, subtropical or temperate humid and semi-humid climate, which is mainly distributed in the vast area of18 ~ 34 degrees north latitude. The annual average temperature is about11.3 ~16.9℃, the extreme maximum temperature is 42.6℃, and the extreme minimum temperature is about-20.3.
The temperature requirements of kiwifruit populations are not consistent. For example, Chinese kiwifruit grows well at the annual average temperature of 4 ~ 20℃, while delicious kiwifruit is most widely distributed in the range of13 ~18℃. The growth and development stage of kiwifruit is also affected by temperature. Some studies show that when the temperature rises to about 10℃, the buds of delicious kiwifruit begin to sprout, and when the temperature is above 15℃, they can blossom and bear fruit, and when the temperature drops to about 12℃, they enter the defoliation dormancy period, and the whole development process takes about 2/kloc.
moisture
Kiwifruit is a fruit tree that needs water and is afraid of waterlogging. It is a fruit tree with weak physiological drought tolerance and weak humidity tolerance. Therefore, the requirements for soil moisture and air humidity are strict, which determines that Kiwifruit is most suitable for cultivation in areas with abundant rainfall, uniform distribution, high air humidity and moist but no waterlogging. The annual precipitation in the natural distribution area of kiwifruit and peach in China is 800 mm ~ 2200 mm, and the air relative humidity is 74.3% ~ 85%. Generally speaking, all areas with annual precipitation of 1000 mm ~ 2000 mm and air relative humidity of about 80% can meet the requirements of kiwifruit growth and development for water. If the annual average precipitation is 500 mm, it is necessary to consider setting up irrigation facilities in case of drought. It is ideal for kiwifruit growth that there is more fog in mountainous areas, moist soil on both sides of streams and high humidity all the year round. In the central and eastern regions, there is plenty of rain from April to June, and the shoot growth is large, which is suitable for the growth requirements of kiwifruit.
The drought resistance of monkey peach is worse than that of common fruit trees. Kiwifruit has a large and dense leaf shape, a large amount of transpiration, and a large demand for water. According to estimates, the annual transpiration loss of kiwi fruit tree with a crown area of 25 square meters is more than 75 liters per day. Generally, when the soil water content is reduced to 5%-6%, it will lead to insufficient water, which will hinder the growth of kiwifruit branches, and its leaves will start to suffer from drought, and the leaves will droop and become smaller, and the leaves will wither. In the drought, the leaves begin to dry up, so it is necessary to irrigate or spray water in time, especially in the seedling stage, when the roots are not fully developed, it is necessary to supplement enough water. In addition to drought resistance, kiwifruit is also afraid of waterlogging. When it is poorly drained or waterlogged for 2 ~ 3 days, the plant dies about 40%. Plum rain in the south of China or rainy season in the north, if it rains continuously and the drainage is poor, will make the roots in a flooded state, which will affect the root respiration, and the root tissue will rot and the plants will die after a long time. Therefore, deep furrow and high border planting should be carried out when planting, and a complete drainage and irrigation system should be built in the orchard.
illumination
Most kiwifruit species like semi-shady environment, like sunshine but are sensitive to strong light, and belong to fruit tree species with moderate photophobia. The sunshine time is required to be 1300? 2600 hours, like diffuse light, avoid direct light. The results showed that the plant required a certain amount of light, and the appropriate natural light intensity was 42% ~ 45%.
soil
The soil is suitable for sandy soil with deep fertility, good air permeability, groundwater level below 1 m, high organic matter content and slightly acidic PH value of 5.5-6.5. Strong acid or alkaline soil needs to be improved before cultivation.
altitude
Generally, kiwifruit can be planted at 800- 1800 meters, but the altitude of 1000- 1600 meters is more suitable.
Other conditions