This product is the dried root of woad (Isatis indigotica Fort.), family Cruciferae. The Chinese People's Pharmacopoeia (1990 edition) contains the root of woad (Isatis indigotica Fort.).
The name of the blue solid was first published in the Eastern Han Dynasty "Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing", classified as the top grade. Su Song "Herbal Classic" said: "According to the blue there are several kinds, there are wood blue, out of Lingnan, not into the medicine. There is woad, can be for starch, also for horse blue". Materia Medica Compendium", "Blue where five kinds, each with its own main treatment, ...... polygonum blue leaves such as polygonum, pine blue leaves such as white woad, horse blue leaves such as endive, that is, Guo Pu so-called large-leafed winter blue, commonly known as the plate blue, ...... ".
Banlan root flavor bitter, cold nature. Attributed to the heart, stomach meridian. It has the effect of clearing heat and detoxification, cooling the blood and facilitating the pharynx. It is used for warm toxins, hair spots, wind-heat colds, sore throat, epidemic meningitis, epidemic encephalitis B, pneumonia, mumps. Its leaves are big green leaves, or fresh leaves processed into Qingdai are used in medicine.
Main components: indigo glucoside, β-sitosterol, indigo red, platanoside crystals B, platanoside crystals C, platanoside crystals D, plant proteins, resins, sugars, amino acids (arginine, proline, glutamic acid, tyrosine, γ-aminobutyric acid, valine and leucine) and mustard glucoside, anti-Gram-positive and negative bacteria and bacteriostatic substances. negative bacteria, bacteriostatic substances and power essence. sulfonyl-3-indolylmethylglucose isothiocyanate (or 1-sulfo-yl-rutinoside).
The main pharmacological effects: water infusion of Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus octococcus, Escherichia coli, Typhoid fever, paratyphoid fever, dysentery (shigella, fusarium) bacillus, enteritis bacillus and so on have inhibitory effect; acetone leachate also has a similar effect, and is effective for hemolytic streptococcus; the inhibitory effect of meningococcal A is similar to that of garlic, honeysuckle; chloroform, ethanol, benzene, n-butyl alcohol, chloroform, ethyl alcohol, ethylene, n-butyl alcohol and other chemicals. Chloroform, acetic acid, benzene, n-butanol and other extracts of Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus have a certain antimicrobial effect. 1:100 or more of the roots or leaves of the blue leaves, in the test tube have the effect of killing leptospirosis.
Two, distribution
Woad is mainly distributed in Anhui, Hebei, Jiangsu, Henan, Shaanxi, Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan, Shanxi, Shandong, Liaoning, Heilongjiang, Gansu, Xinjiang, Ningxia, Guangdong. It is mainly produced in Anhui Taihe, Linquan, Huaiyuan, Jieshou, Lixin, Bozhou, Eddy Yang, Funan, Fuyang, Mengcheng; Hebei Dingxian, Anguo, Anping, Yuanshi, Shenze, Bono, Xinle, Wangdu, Jinxian, Zhaoxian, Wuji, Lingshou, Gaoyi, Gaoxiang, Wanjin; Jiangsu Suqian, Taixian, Gaoyou, Rugao, Haimen, Shayang, Hai'an, Dongtai, Dafeng; Henan Dancheng; Shaanxi Lishou, Heyang, Binxian, Qishan, Fengxiang; Hubei Xishui, Luotian, Huanggang, Guangshui, Xiaogan, Ezhou, Xinzhou; Hunan Xinning, Linwu; Sichuan Jiejiang, Shuangliu, Hongya, Shifang, Yanting, Jiangyou, Janyang, Yibin; Shanxi Huoxian, Lanxian, Huairen, Tianzhen, Yingxian, Dingxiang, Wuxiang, Taiyuan, Yangqu, Qiquan, Shouyang, Liulin, Linfen, Yuji, Qingxu; Shandong Rizhao, Anqiu, Gaomi, Yinan, Linshu, Tancheng, Wenshang, Ningyang, Zaozhuang, Jinan, Shanghe, Tai'an; Liaoning Xinjin, Kangping, Gaixian, Wafangdian, Yixian, Liaoyang, Kaiyuan; Heilongjiang Longjiang, Ning'an, Suihua; Gansu Dunhuang, Minqin, Zhenyuan, Huating, Huixian, Gangu, Wushan, Jingtai, Heyang; Xinjiang Hutubi, Qitai, Shihezi, Korla, Shadong, Makgaiyi; Ningxia Gugyuan, Jingyuan, Haiyuan.
Local idioms:Horse blue is mainly distributed in Fujian, Sichuan, Hunan, Zhejiang, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan and so on.
Three, the original plant morphology and biological characteristics
a Morphological characteristics
2-year-old herb, the main root is 20-50 cm long, 1-2.5 cm in diameter, the outer skin light yellow-brown. The stem is erect, much branched in the upper part, smooth and glabrous. Leaves alternate, basal leaves petiolate, larger, leaf blade oblong-elliptic, stem leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate, lower leaves larger, entire or with inconspicuous serrulate. Compound racemes, flowers small yellow, ebracteate; calyx 4, green; petals 4, yellow, stamens 6, 4-strong; pistil 1. Long-horned fruit oblong, flattened, margin winged, purple, 1-seeded.
Local Habitat:Horse Blue [Strobilanthes cusia (Nees) O. Ktze.]. Herbs perennial, shrubby. Stem erect, base slightly lignified, much branched, up to 1 m high, stem nodes obvious, with obtuse ribs, shoots brown fine soft hairs. Leaves opposite, leaf blade obovate-oblong with shallowly serrate margins, lateral veins 4-8 pairs, spikes, flowers few, inserted at branch apex; bracts leaflike, 1-2 cm, caducous; calyx lobes 5, corolla tubular-funnel-shaped, lilac, stamens 4, 2 strong, filaments basally connected by membranes, inserted above corolla tube; ovary superior, capsule.
II Ecology
Woad grows wild in moist, fertile ditches or forest margins. It is mostly cultivated in sandy loamy soil with warm climate, flat terrain and loose, fertile soil.
Three Biological Characteristics
Woad is light-loving, fear of waterlogging, fertilizer-loving and cold-tolerant.
Growth and development:Seeds emerge about 5 days after sowing when the temperature is 16-21°C and there is enough humidity. Sowed in the first and middle of August, the year can only form leaf clusters, in the form of a poncho-shaped overwintering. The following year in March began to draw moss, buds, flowering in April, June fruit ripening, the full reproductive cycle of about 9-11 months.
Harvesting and processing
1. Harvesting Spring sowing should be dug in the autumn to frost; summer sowing should be dug after the frost. From the side of the bed along the ridge ditch, the root of all dug out. According to the experience of various places, the quality of the blue root dug in the late fall is better than that dug in the spring, therefore, the fall digging should be advocated.
2. Processing After harvesting, shake the soil, cut between the reed head and leaves with a knife, respectively, drying, picking off yellow leaves and impurities, that is, the commercial blue root and big green leaves.
Four, herb properties
Banlangen is cylindrical, slightly twisted, 10-20 centimeters long, 0.5-1.2 centimeters in diameter. The surface is gray-yellow or brownish-yellow, rough, with longitudinal wrinkles and branching root scars, and there are light gray-yellow transverse long lenticels. The root head is slightly expanded, and dark green petiole remnants arranged in whorls are visible. Petiole scars and dense warty protuberances. The texture is solid and brittle, the fracture surface is slightly flat, the skin is light brownish white to light brown, the wood is yellow. Gas slightly, taste slightly sweet and then bitter.