Chicken breast is a kind of deformity with sternal protrusion, often accompanied by adjacent costal cartilage and rib depression, and it is the second common chest wall type after funnel chest. Generally, most patients have no other manifestations except chest wall protrusion, and only severe cases can produce cardiac and pulmonary dysfunction.
Disease classification
Congenital chicken breast
Malnutrition or hypoplasia in fetuses and infants may be related to genetic factors.
Acquired chicken breast
Chicken breasts caused by acquired diseases. Clinically, according to different ages and different symptoms, chicken breasts are divided into three types: arch-shaped anterior depression of sternum, anterior depression of sternum stalk, sternum lifting and asymmetry.
cause of a disease
The etiology of chicken breast is not clear at present, which may be related to heredity. Sternal malformation is secondary to rib malformation, and it can also be secondary to thoracic diseases. Genetic factors and environmental factors are involved in its pathogenesis.
Main etiology
Congenital chicken breast
Malnutrition or hypoplasia in fetuses and infants leads to excessive growth of costal cartilage and ribs, and abnormal ribs and sternum, which may be related to genetic factors. In addition, when the diaphragm develops abnormally, it will pull the lower end of the sternum in the opposite direction, causing the central part of the sternum to protrude forward, thus forming a chicken breast.
Acquired chicken breast
Overgrowth of costal cartilage and ribs caused by acquired diseases leads to rib and sternum malformation. Vitamin D deficiency causes abnormal metabolism of calcium and phosphorus in the body, which leads to incomplete mineralization of metaphysis and bone tissue of long bones, and can also cause bone lesions, thus forming chicken breasts.
epidemiology
About 20%~25% of patients with chicken breast have the tendency of family inheritance, which is the second common chest wall type after funnel chest, and it is often gradually noticed after children are 5~6 years old.
Prevailing crowd
Children with rickets
Rickets can cause excessive growth of costal cartilage and ribs, leading to deformity of ribs and sternum.
Children with congenital malnutrition
Congenital malnutrition will lead to excessive growth of costal cartilage and ribs, leading to rib and sternum malformation.
People with a family history of chest wall malformation
People with this history have a higher probability of suffering from chicken breasts.
inducing/induction factor
Vitamin d deficiency
It may induce rickets, which in turn leads to chicken breasts.
malnutrition
Children lack essential elements for growth, which may lead to chicken breasts.
symptom
Those with mild breast deformity often have no obvious clinical symptoms and have no obvious influence on cardiopulmonary function; Lengthening the anterior and posterior thoracic diameter of severe patients can affect cardiopulmonary function.
characteristic symptoms
In chicken with heavy chest, the chest is deformed, the front and back diameter of the chest is lengthened and hunched, which leads to the weakening of breathing amplitude and the elasticity of lung tissue, resulting in shortness of breath and fatigue. Because of this, children often have recurrent upper respiratory tract infections and asthma, with poor activity endurance and easy fatigue.
Chicken breast is mainly a protrusion deformity of the front chest wall, most of which is that the sternum body and the lower costal cartilage connected with it protrude forward symmetrically, a few of which are asymmetrical, and some of them are mixed malformations, with one side protruding and the other side sunken. Rarely, it also includes the protrusion of the sternum handle and the high costal cartilage, and the sternum body is relatively sunken, which is the so-called "pigeon chest", and the sternum can be "Z" or "comma" shaped. However, the sternal stalk and the connected costal cartilage are convex, while the sternal body subsidence is rare.
Chicken breasts are often accompanied by rib valgus, and in severe cases, scoliosis can also occur. In radiological imaging, sternal lordosis is mainly shown, and a few cases are complicated with scoliosis. Generally speaking, most patients have no other manifestations except chest wall protrusion, and only severe cases can produce cardiopulmonary insufficiency. The incidence of congenital heart diseases in these malformations is often increased. Chicken breasts generally have little effect on cardiopulmonary function, and only extremely severe chicken breasts have lung function impairment.
Other symptoms
self-abased
A small number of children think that their own image is different from ordinary people because of chest wall deformity, resulting in inferiority complex, unable to socialize normally and having a heavy mental burden.
complication
upper respiratory tract infection (URTI)
Thoracic malformation leads to pathogens in respiratory tract can not be discharged smoothly, which is prone to upper respiratory tract infection.
asthma
Thoracic malformation leads to abnormal respiratory tract, which may be complicated with asthma.
go to hospital
When parents find that their children have rickets, chest abnormalities, fatigue and shortness of breath, they need to go to the hospital for pediatrics or thoracic surgery. Doctors will conduct chest X-ray examination, chest CT examination, electrocardiogram examination, etc. to make a definite diagnosis, and pay attention to distinguish it from pneumothorax and neurofibroma.
Indications for medical treatment
Patients with rickets should see a doctor in time to prevent the occurrence of chicken breasts.
If children have abnormal thoracic development, they should see a doctor in time.