Batfish? ? ? ? Orders (orders of moustaches)? About 60 species of warm-water and temperate marine fishes of the family Cynodontidae. Adults can reach eight meters in length and weigh more than 1.4 tons. They are gentle and beautiful, gentle and curious. Like to play in the waves, won the love of diving enthusiasts. They are distributed in tropical and temperate waters all over the world, and the sea near Malaysia is one of the gathering places of "bat fish".

1, morphological characteristics

Bats have wide and flat fish heads, slender bodies and hard knots or thorns on their heads. The mouth is small, and some kisses extend upward. The maximum overall length is 36 cm (14 inch). Poor swimming ability, often crawling on the seabed with arm-shaped pectoral fins and ventral fins.

The jaw has teeth, the snout is sharp and protruding, and the body disk is triangular. The spine of the lower branchial lid has obvious anterior spine and posterior spine; The dorsal and ventral sides of the body disk are thinly covered with many osteomas, and the lower branchial spine has no forward spine; Osteoid tumor of body and intervertebral disc. d . I . 5； A.4p . 12； C9. Osteomas are densely distributed on the back of the body disc and both sides of the abdomen. The lower branchial spines do not have any anterior retrospines. The last fin of the gluteal fin did not reach the base of the caudal fin. The body is the same pink. Produced in Shugang Province, Taiwan Province Province. The body disc is triangular, and the Jinbe is flat. The kiss is short, smaller than the eye diameter, but it has a long and strong kiss thorn. Small mouth, front position; There are fluffy teeth on the palate and tongue, and teeth on the palatal bone. The spinous process of the lower branchial lid is prominent, with a short tip at the end, but no anterior spine. The back is densely covered with granular bony processes; The ventral surface is between the front of the ventral fin and the anus, with small granular bony protrusions and fine spines; There are bifurcated spines on the body disk and tail edge. Two dorsal fins, the first dorsal fin is specialized as a snout tentacle and hidden in the snout groove; The second dorsal fin is located at the tail and has a soft band 5; The gluteal fin is located in the center of the base of anus and caudal fin, and has a soft strip 4; The pectoral fin is of medium length and extends horizontally; The caudal fin is slightly shorter. The back of the body is light brown, and there are several black circular spots in the center of the back of the individual, and the ventral surface is white. ? [ 1]

2. Living environment

Batfish mostly live in the deep sea, and some live in shallow water. Batfish. what's up ? ? ? A group of orders, which one has "fishing rod" and meat? Bait "(bait), in order to lure prey close to swallow. This device is located above the mouth, which is different from other "fishing fish" and can be incorporated into the tubular structure when not in use.

Batfish looks scary on the outside, but it's actually very docile. Unlike stingrays or swallows, bat fish have no thorns. They feed on plankton that are very suitable for their big mouths.

Walk with pectoral fins and ventral fins, and jump like a frog in case of danger or fright.

Step 3 distribute

Distributed in tropical or temperate shallow sea to deep sea areas. And then what? ? ? ? The difference is that the body has many thorns and the mouth is small. The "fishing rod" on the head is very short, above the mouth. Batfish living in the deep sea have luminous organs at the top of the fishing rod.

Walk with pectoral fins and ventral fins, and jump like a frog in case of danger or fright.

In order to protect coral reefs from being suffocated by large-scale algae, Australian researchers have studied nearly 30 species of fish that feed on algae. They found that bat fish can successfully inhibit large algae groups that are very harmful to coral reefs.

Australia? David belle Bellwood, a researcher at the University of james cook, said that this discovery surprised them because parrotfish and other fish were originally valued, while the relatively rare bat fish was not valued before.

Batfish is like a pancake. Its body is white with brown stripes. Bellwood said that parrotfish also eat seaweed and? Stickleback fish is like a lawn mower in the garden, but if the garden is left unattended for a long time, some trees will grow, and bat fish is a saw that can kill large algae. For the conclusion of this study, some experts in Australia believe that bat fish is one of many fish that can inhibit the growth of algae, but it is not surprising that its algae killing function may be slightly stronger.

4. subjects

Sea urchin family

Batfish belong to the family Batfish (? ? ? ? Purpose 1). There are 9 genera and 57 species. The body is flat and flat, with a thick and short tail. The head is flat, wide, triangular, disc-shaped or flat. Kiss short or protruding, thorn yes or no. Eyes are big or small. Mouth small, front or near, horizontal. There are villous tooth bands in the upper and lower jaws, and there are or are not vomerous teeth and palatal teeth. The branchial foramen is small and located on the dorsal side of the base of pectoral fin. 2 or 2.5 cheeks. The first branchial arch has no branchial filaments. No false gills. The body is usually scaleless and densely covered with granular bone processes or nails of different sizes. The first fin spine of dorsal fin forms undeveloped kissing tentacle, which is often hidden in the kissing fossa; The second dorsal fin is large or small, with 3 ~ 5 unbranched fins, which are located at a certain distance from the gill hole at the back of the tail, or the second dorsal fin disappears; The gluteal fin is located below the posterior end of dorsal fin; The pectoral fin has three fin base bones, forming a prosthesis; Position of ventral fin throat; The trailing edge of caudal fin is round or cross-shaped. It is a small tropical warm-water bottom fish near the shore or in the open sea, which is produced in three oceans; Indo-western Pacific Ocean is the most, followed by Caribbean Sea in the western Atlantic Ocean. There are 3 genera and 6 species in China, among which Halieutaea is more common, and other common species are sea bat Malthopsis lutea, Halieutaea stellata and Halicmetus reticulatus. Low yield, no edible value, mostly used as fertilizer, some varieties can be used as medicine.

5, especially species

Batfish Batfish also refers to a kind of batfish, Batfish (189 1).

6. Species threat

20 13 On February 27th, hundreds of bat fish ran aground on Gaza beach.

7. Oil leakage

Batfish scientists found two rare species in the Gulf of Mexico? New species. These strange fish belonging to the Batfish family live in the deep sea of more than 450 meters, and their looks are very strange. They can support their bodies with pectoral fins and ventral fins and "walk" underwater. However, scientists worry that these deep-sea creatures will be destroyed before humans know it, because they only live at the scene of the oil spill.

April 20 10 oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico not only threatened seabirds, oyster farms, wetland resources, fisheries and tourism, but also caused billions of dollars in losses, and it was more likely to harm these deep-sea species that had just been discovered but not yet recognized by human beings.

At present, scientists can't confirm the long-term impact of the oil spill on the ecosystem and food chain in the Gulf of Mexico and even beyond the waters of the Gulf of Mexico, but what is certain is that these three little-known bat fish live in this fragile and delicate ecological balance. Once this balance is broken by oil pollution, these rare species may become extinct.

Living in the deep sea, these bat fish seem to be unaffected by oil and tar balls floating on the sea surface, but? The flocculent oil mass discovered by scientists at the University of South Florida at the bottom of the sea may pose a fatal threat to bat fish. Although? BP didn't admit it, but the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration later confirmed the discovery.