Can be cultured in the mainland.

1. Site selection

Polluted muddy or sandy wasteland, saline-alkali land and coastal areas suitable for breeding are all acceptable.

2. Water environment

The seawater source should meet the requirements of GB11607, and the cultivation water quality should meet the requirements of NY5052. The flow of water in the breeding water intake area should be smooth.

3. Facilities

①Growing pond. The large-scale shrimp farming pond on the tidal flat is rectangular, with an area of ??1 to 7 hectares. The bottom of the pond is flat and slightly inclined toward the drainage outlet.

The ratio is about 0.2%, so that the water accumulated at the bottom of the pond can be drained. Make sure the bottom of the pool does not leak, and add anti-leakage materials if necessary. The opposite ends of the grow-out pond are equipped with inlet and drainage facilities. Breeding ponds in the high-density intensive culture method are divided into muddy and sandy ponds and cement ponds, with an area of ??0.1 to 1 hectare, square or round, a water depth of 1.5 to 2.5 meters, and a drainage hole in the center of the pond.

② Supporting facilities for growing ponds. When building a shrimp pond in the intertidal zone, it is necessary to build a main wave-proof embankment. The main embankment should have strong wind and wave resistance. Generally speaking, the embankment height should be more than 1 meter above the local highest tide level in history, the width of the embankment top should be more than 6 meters, the slope of the sea facing surface should be 1:3~5, and the internal slope should be 1:2~3. The reservoir should be completely drainable and its water capacity should be more than 1/3 of the total cultivation water body.

Using the recycling water method, after the water from the cultivation tank is discharged, it should first enter the treatment tank, and then enter the storage tank after purification treatment. Instead of using recycled water, the wastewater after cultivation should also go through the treatment tank before being discharged. In concentrated shrimp cultivation areas, it is necessary to build inlet and drainage channels, coordinate the inlet and drainage of various breeding farms and ponds, and keep the water inlet and drainage outlet as far away as possible.

The width of the drainage channel should be larger than the inlet channel, and the bottom of the drainage channel must be more than 30 cm lower than the bottom of the corresponding shrimp pond drainage gate. For shrimp farming methods such as high-density intensive culture and water storage culture, oxygenation equipment should be equipped. Oxygenators can be used in earth ponds, and air pumps and blowers can be used in cement ponds. In areas where there are many crabs on the tidal flats, a 30 to 40 cm high and smooth plastic film or thin anti-crab isolation wall should be built around the embankment of the pond.

4. Preparation work

Clean the entire pond: After harvesting the shrimp, the accumulated water in the grow-out pond, reservoirs, ditches, etc. should be drained, the gates should be closed, and the pond should be dried and maintained. Dams, gates, and remove dirt and debris from the bottom of the pool, especially algae. Areas with thick sediments should be plowed and exposed to the sun or washed repeatedly to promote the decomposition and discharge of organic matter. Do not directly stir up the sludge in the pool and flush it directly into the sea.

Disinfection and pest control: After cleaning the entire pond, harmful organisms, pathogenic organisms and intermediate hosts carrying disease sources of the shrimp should be removed. Quicklime is commonly used to clean the pond and eliminate harmful effects. After draining the pond water to 30 to 40 centimeters, quicklime is poured over the entire pond at a dosage of about 1,000 kg/ha.

Basic feed for breeding in water: 1 to 2 days after cleaning and disinfection of the entire pond, you can start to collect water and cultivate basic biological feed.

Fertilizer use: Fertilizer use should follow the following principles: ① Fertilization should be balanced and the use of high-quality organic fertilizers is encouraged. In the fertilizer application structure, the proportion of organic fertilizer should not be less than 50%; ② The total amount of fertilizer used should be controlled, and the nitrate content in the water should be below 40 mg/L; ③ Chemical or chemical fertilizers that have not been registered by the national or provincial agricultural department must not be used. Biofertilizers and organic fertilizers should be fully fermented before use.

5. Key points for releasing seedlings

Environment for releasing seedlings: When releasing seedlings, the depth of the water in the pool should be 60 to 80 centimeters, and the transparency of the water should be about 40 centimeters. It is not advisable to plant seedlings on days with strong winds or heavy rain.

Seed specifications: white shrimp larvae over 0.7 cm, Penaeus chinensis larvae over 1 cm, Penaeus monodon larvae over 1.3-1.5 cm.

Seedling density: For large-area shrimp farming ponds on tidal flats, the appropriate seedling density is (6-10) ~50)×104 tail/ha is appropriate.

Water temperature: The water temperature for stocking Chinese shrimp seedlings should be above 14°C, and the water temperature for stocking white Penaeus vannamei and Penaeus monodon seedlings should be above 22°C.

Salinity: The salinity of pool water should be between 1 and 32. The difference in salinity between shrimp larvae culture tanks, intermediate culture tanks and grow-out ponds should be less than 5. When the salinity difference between the pond water is greater than 5, the shrimp larvae can be adapted to the changes in salinity by acclimating them. Usually, the salinity difference will gradually transition within 24 hours. Less than 10.

6. Growth management

Water environment control:

①Inlet water quality management.

Before releasing seedlings, inject clean or disinfected grow-out water into the grow-out tank. After the seedlings are released, the growing water must be sedimented and purified in the reservoir.

②Water volume and water exchange. In the early stage of cultivation, add 3 to 5 centimeters of water every day until the water level reaches more than 1 meter, and maintain the water level. In the middle and later stages of cultivation, depending on the water quality, if the transparency is too low (less than 20 cm), or the transparency is too high (more than 80 cm), and harmful single-cell algae are over-producing, the water should be changed as appropriate, and the water should be changed slowly. Regulate water quality.

Feed management:

①Feed quality. The quality, safety and hygiene of compound feed should comply with the provisions of SC2002 and NY5072.

②Feed amount. The daily feeding rate of conventional compound feed is 3% to 5%, and the daily feeding rate of fresh fish is 7% to 10%. In actual operation, the theoretical daily feeding amount should be calculated based on the number of shrimp tails, average weight, body length and daily feeding rate, and then the daily feeding amount should be determined based on the feeding situation and weather conditions. After feeding, continue to observe the feeding situation of the shrimp and adjust the feeding amount.

③How to feed compound feed. In the early days after the seedlings are released, feeding is usually four times a day. Later, as the shrimp grows, the amount of feed increases and the number of daily feedings is adjusted. The amount of feeding after the afternoon accounts for about 60% of the whole day's feeding amount. In the early stages of cultivation, the shrimp activity range is small and should be fed evenly throughout the pond. As the shrimps grow, you can choose to feed them where the shrimps often gather.

Measurement: Measure water quality factors such as water temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH value, transparency, and pool water salinity every day. Frequently detect changes in the species and quantity of plankton in the pool, and those with conditions can detect changes in ammonia, nitrogen and other water quality elements.

Measure the growth of shrimp every 5 to 10 days. The body length and weight of the shrimp can be measured, and the number of tails measured at each time should be greater than 50. Regularly estimate the number of shrimp tails in the pond. For large outdoor shrimp farming ponds, you can use a rotary net to collect samples from multiple points in the pond.

Extended information

Therapeutic effects

Plain shrimps are warm and moist in nature, sweet and salty in taste, and enter the kidney and spleen meridians; It has the functions of poisoning, nourishing blood and solidifying essence, removing blood stasis and detoxifying, replenishing qi and nourishing yang, unblocking collaterals and relieving pain, appetizing and reducing phlegm. It is suitable for patients with lactation obstruction, muscle and bone pain, twitching of the hands and feet, general itching, skin ulcers, physical weakness and neurasthenia. edible.

A very important substance in the body of shrimp is astaxanthin, which is the component with a red color on the surface. Astaxanthin is the strongest antioxidant discovered so far. The darker the color, the more astaxanthin it is. The higher the content. Widely used in cosmetics, food additives, and pharmaceuticals. Scientists from Osaka University in Japan have discovered that astaxanthin in shrimp helps eliminate "jet lag" caused by jet lag.

Baidu Encyclopedia - Prawns

Baidu Encyclopedia - Prawns