1, seedbed preparation
Prepare a seedbed in the greenhouse, the seedbed is 5 ~ 6m long and 1.2 ~ 1.5m wide. The formula of nutrient soil is 2/3 of edible fungi and garden soil 1/3. Stir it evenly, add a proper amount of dry chicken manure, sprinkle it on the seedbed, and rake it flat with a rake. The thickness of nutrient soil is generally 60.
Step 2 cut
The vines and the stems and vines of Panax Notoginseng, which are more than 1 year old, are cut, and the branch length is about 15cm, and there should be 2 ~ 3 nodes to ensure the germination rate. Insert it into the soil 4 ~ 5 cm deep along the growth direction of leaves, and keep a proper interval, which is convenient for the growth of hair roots, and it is permeable once without secondary water supply. It is best to insert bamboo pieces into the arch shed on both sides of the seedbed. It is beneficial to the survival of rattan and pseudo-ginseng to insert bamboo deeply and make it firm, tie the shed firmly with plastic sheets and seal it tightly with soil.
3. Seedling management
Daily management after logging is very important. During 1 ~ 7 days, the temperature shall be controlled at 25 ~ 30℃ during the day and not lower than 10℃ at night. After 7 days, the temperature was kept at 22 ~ 25℃ during the day and 6 ~ 8℃ at night. Proper shading should be done within 3 days after cutting, and the shading should be gradually removed after 4 days, which is beneficial to the normal survival of plants. After 7 days, the seedlings were properly ventilated and exercised to prepare for future planting.
Step 4 plant
Seedling planting
It is advisable to choose sandy loam with good drainage, apply sufficient decomposed organic fertilizer, apply 2000 ~ 3000 kg per mu, ridge 1.7 m, plant row spacing 17 cm× 20 cm, and plant 5000 ~ 5500 plants per mu. Proper close planting is beneficial to improve early yield, and sufficient root water should be poured after planting.
Direct planting with stems, tendrils or tubers.
The survival rate of stem and vine cutting is high in spring, autumn and winter, and the survival rate of pearl bud or tuber propagation is high. Therefore, meristems, bulblets or tubers with aerial roots can be cut from adult plants and planted directly in the field according to the planting specifications. In hot summer, the survival rate of stem and vine cutting is low, and it can be planted directly with beads or tubers, but the seedling stage of direct planting of beads or tubers is longer.
5. Tian Tuan management
Water management: rattan notoginseng grows vigorously, leaves are thick, and water evaporation is large during growth. Although rattan notoginseng is drought-resistant, in order to obtain high-yield and high-quality products, it needs to absorb more water, especially in high-temperature season, it should be watered in time and the soil should be kept moist frequently. Pay attention to drainage in rainy season to prevent soil water accumulation and root damage.
Fertilizer management: In addition to applying sufficient fertilizer during cultivation, the growth of rattan notoginseng also needs sufficient nitrogen fertilizer and appropriate supply of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. Generally, after picking once or twice, it is necessary to apply decomposed and finely divided farm manure once, and the dosage is 300-500 kg per mu. You can also apply about 200 kg of puffed chicken manure sterilized at high temperature per mu, remove weeds and intertillage at any time to increase the air permeability of the soil.
Plant adjustment (pruning, core removal and inflorescence removal): vines and notoginseng are highly branched, with overlapping stems and vines and flourishing growth. Measures such as pruning and coring should be taken in production to control the growth and development of plants. What specific measures are taken according to the growth potential, cultivation methods, planting density and climatic conditions of plants.
Climbing cultivation, when the vine is 30 ~ 40 cm long, can remove the growing point of the plant, promote the development of strong new shoots, increase the thickness of leaves and promote the germination of new shoots in leaf axils. Later, with the elongation of stems and vines, the growing points will be removed. After autumn, cut off the old stems and vines on the ground, and fertilize the soil with organic fertilizer, which is beneficial to plant rejuvenation.
Inflorescence will appear in autumn when trellis is planted, so these twigs should be removed in time to control the occurrence of inflorescence. Pruning, removing the heart and inflorescence can promote the leaves to be thick and tender and the new shoots to be strong, thus improving the yield and quality.
6, pest control
The main pests of rattan notoginseng are Spodoptera litura, Spodoptera exigua and aphids. Spraying 0.36% white grass 1 0/000 times solution or 0.6% Qingyuan water-retaining agent 1500 times solution can control Spodoptera litura and Spodoptera exigua. Spraying aphids with 5% "Ju" brand natural pyrethrum emulsifiable concentrate 1000 times solution.
The disease of rattan notoginseng is mainly snake eye disease. Ophthalmopathy of snakes is very common in the whole growth period, especially in summer, which mainly harms leaves. The injured leaves are purple-red water spots at first, slightly concave, and then gradually expand, the center fades to grayish white to yellowish brown, the edge is slightly dark, purple-brown, and the boundary is clear.
When snake eye disease is serious, spots are densely covered and some are perforated, which not only affects the output, but also affects the quality of products and even loses edible value. In terms of prevention and control, we can strengthen field management, properly plant closely, cover those cultivated in the open field in summer with sunshade nets, spray water in time to increase the humidity in the field, reduce the application of nitrogen fertilizer and apply more organic fertilizer; At the same time, it can be prevented and treated by drugs such as freckle in the early stage of the disease.
7, timely harvest
Rattan notoginseng is planted once and harvested for many years, usually with tender buds or growing leaves as products. Generally, the tender shoot products are picked when the stems and vines stretch to a certain extent (the tender shoot length is12 ~15 cm); Leaf products are thick, mature and disease-free leaves. Timely harvesting can promote the growth and thickening of leaves, is an effective way to improve yield and quality, and is also convenient for field management.
Generally, rattan and notoginseng can be harvested at any time after being planted for more than 30 days. After 2 months, it entered the peak period, with an average of 300 ~ 400 leaves per plant per month, and the harvest period was about 6 months. It is best to pick it in the morning when cultivating in a large area, which is more resistant to storage and transportation.
Fresh leaves were wrapped with plastic wrap and stored at 5℃ for 7 ~ 10 days. If cultivated and managed properly, rattan and notoginseng can be harvested all year round, and the yield per mu can reach 3000 ~ 4000 kg.
Extended data
Rattan notoginseng has wide adaptability, likes humidity, bears drought and humidity, and has strong adaptability to soil, and its roots are mostly distributed in the soil layer within 10 cm. It is full of vitality. Even if the leaves are not picked within 2 months, the leaves below will not turn yellow, and the leaves are getting bigger and bigger.
Roots and roots are aerobic, and buds and adventitious roots are easy to grow at the branches of stems and vines. Therefore, the suitable temperature for the growth of vines and notoginseng is 25-32℃. The production practice shows that plants can spend the summer smoothly under sufficient water and shading conditions, and the shading shed with shading rate of about 45% is the most suitable for growth. The survival rate of rattan notoginseng cultivation is high and easy to manage.
Its advantage is strong resistance to pests and diseases. Under the condition of proper cultivation and management in greenhouse, it is a natural green health food, which is worth popularizing.
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