The prickly shoots, belonging to the perennial deciduous small trees, alias: prickly dragon shoots, prickly old shoots, aralia aralia, aralia aralia, magpie do not step on, and so on. Distributed in Beijing, Hebei, Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Henan, Guangdong and other places. So, how much is a catty of prickly shoots? How to eat? How to plant? What are the prospects for development? What are the effects and functions? It is understood that the price of the prickly shoots in 12-15 yuan a catty, the price will be different in different areas.
How do you eat the buds?
1. Spring pick tender buds, tender leaves, fresh, salted, canned fresh. The spiny shoots will be blanched in boiling water, soaked in water for 2 hours, fried, cold, dipped in sauce, wrapped in batter deep-fried can be.
2. The shoots of the spiny shoots are edible parts, and there are various ways to eat them. Can be raw food, fried food, sauce food, soup, stuffing, or processed into different flavors of small pickles. It is beautiful sweet flavor, tender and mellow, rich flavor, is a famous top grade mountain wild vegetables, known as "the king of mountain wild vegetables". Over the years, it has been one of the main varieties of wild vegetables for export, and the demand exceeds supply. Deeply praised by the majority of consumers at home and abroad. Can be called "delicious mountain treasures".
How to plant the prickly shoots?
1. Open field nursery: do bed time in the fall, spring can be, choose a flat plot of loose turned fine, mu Shi rotted farmyard manure 300 kg, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium composite fertilizer 50 kg combined with the one-time application of the whole ground, and then make a bed, the bed width of 1.2 m, 10 cm high, can be sown after making the bed, sowing time is determined in late March to the Ching Ming Festival. Prickly shoots seed is very small, in order to improve the quality of sowing, to achieve uniformity and consistency, sowing should be mixed into the fine sand, the dosage of 10 to 15 kg per acre.
2. potting tray seedlings: the use of plastic potting tray in the greenhouse in advance of seedling, the time can be set about 2 months before transplantation, the substrate can be used crushed peat to add a small amount of rotted high-quality fertilizer and composite fertilizers, in order to increase the viscosity of the substrate also need to add a small amount of yellow mud. Sowing first to the potting tray filled with 3/4 also deep substrate, watering after sowing into the treated seeds, in order to secure the best average of 15 to 20 seeds per hole, after sowing the seeds on top of a thin layer of substrate or soil, the top and then a thin layer of vermiculite powder.
3. planting time: spiny shoots seedlings grow to 10 cm above the stem out of many needles can be planted, planted seedlings must be ventilated water control by seedlings after planting, generally in early spring when the ground temperature of 10 cm reaches 12 ℃ or more, the method is the same as planting trees.
4. planting density: spiny shoots developed root system, branching and leafy, if the row spacing is too narrow, is bound to affect the ventilation and light, resulting in stems in vain. One plant per square meter is more reasonable, row spacing can be appropriately wider, the best design method for row spacing 1.8 meters, plant spacing 0.6 meters, so that each acre can be planted 700 holes.
5. Weed control: the first year is very susceptible to weed infestation, the general application of leguminous crops, herbicides are more effective, but the prickly shoots weed application of which pesticide is the most effective is still to be further testing, if you take artificial weed control, then you must pay attention to hoeing process do not hurt the root system. After the summer, prickly shoots have grown to a certain height, branches and leaves also flourished, the threat of weeds, you can let the management.
6. Moisture management: moisture management is mainly to prevent spring drought, breeding stems of the plot also need to be closer to the water source, once the drought occurs immediately watering to ensure that the seedlings are strong. In addition, although the prickly shoots like water, but do not tolerate flooding, so once the flood flooding occurred, should be immediately dug around the plot of ditch drainage to alleviate the disaster.
7. Pruning: the principle of pruning the prickly shoots to make the plant height suitable for harvesting, to promote the development of more branches and root system, improve yield, pruning near the base of the branch, stay 4 to 6 side buds, will be cut off the upper part. Pruning is completed in early spring before the sap flow, the growing season can be carried out after harvest.
8. Reasonable fertilizer: prickly shoots should be planted according to the geophysical and growth potential of the appropriate fertilizer, farmyard manure and fertilizer can be, farmyard fertilizer can be directly laid in the bed, on the ridge or on the hole, fertilizer planing pits into the mulch.
9. Timely harvesting: prickly shoots break off the terminal bud, the terminal bud of the lower part of the 1 ~ 5 side shoots or the terminal bud of the secondary buds sprouting, so you can pick a number of times, preferably 2 ~ 3 times is appropriate, do not pick many times, so as not to exhaust the tree, the shoots to 10 ~ 15 centimeters, the leaves have not yet unfolded is appropriate, the side shoots of the leaves unfolded early, can be picked at 5 ~ 10 centimeters.
What are the prospects for the development of spiny shoots?
With the continuous improvement of people's living standards, people's consumption concepts are also changing. In the diet, the original high-protein, high-fat fish and meat has been cold, and non-polluting, low-fat, low-sugar, multi-fiber, multi-vitamin, and has a disease prevention and treatment, health care and longevity of mountain wild vegetables, more and more favored by people. Spiny shoots in the natural environment, free growth, environmental conditions do not require high, the use of seed reproduction, high multiplication, fast growth and low cost investment, without any risk, the operation process is easy to master.
Artificial cultivation is still in its infancy, resources are decreasing, social demand is increasing, there is a huge domestic and international market. Prickly shoots exported to Japan and South Korea in large quantities. Every year for our country in exchange for tens of millions of dollars of foreign exchange. At the same time, the domestic people are also very happy to eat spiny shoots, especially the senior hotel a plate of spiny shoots worth hundreds of dollars. However, due to the collection of successive years, resulting in plant death, wild resources are destroyed year by year, the yield declined year by year, the output has failed to meet the market demand, so the development of artificial production of spikenard buds is a matter of urgency. Therefore, the artificial cultivation of the prickly shoots has a very broad development prospects.
What are the effects of the shoots?
1. The shoots contain protein, fat, carbohydrates, dietary fiber, vitamin B2, vitamin B1, niacin, vitamin C, sodium, calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese, zinc, barium, lead, copper, phosphorus, cobalt, chromium, nickel, boron, strontium and peptides and other components.
2. Spurgeon buds also have a certain medicinal value, spurgeon buds of the root skin with strong muscles and bones, remove wind and dampness and tonic effects such as tranquillity. For the treatment of neurasthenia, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, impotence and hepatitis and other diseases.
3. The bark and roots of the prickly shoots have stomachic, astringent effect. Japanese folk used to treat diabetes, gastrointestinal diseases, especially for stomach cancer has great effect. The former Soviet Union, some experts found that the root bark of the shoots have a cardiovascular effect, the effect is better than ginseng, for Alzheimer's disease, spiders and impotence and other neurasthenic syndromes are similar to ginseng's efficacy. 1960s began to use the shoots in the clinic to treat cerebral and physical fatigue, and as a stimulant of the central nervous system. The main components of the shoots for wood saponins. The total saponin content in the root bark of the shoots is about 3 times the total saponin content of ginseng root. In addition, in its roots, stems, leaves, flowers and fruits also contain flavonoids, lignans, alkaloids, polysaccharides, volatile oils and tannins and other ingredients, wood saponins and ginsenosides similar to oleanolic acid is a three-tetrasaccharide soap. Oleanolic acid has anti-inflammatory, sedative, diuretic, cardiac, immune and anti-cancer effects, especially for the treatment of jaundice hepatitis and chronic hepatitis with delayed effect.