First, the conceptual difference between central enterprises and state-owned enterprises (only basic concepts, no details).
The difference between state-owned enterprises and central enterprises is like the difference between fruits and apples. State-owned enterprises are fruits, and central enterprises are apples. State-owned enterprises, including state-owned enterprises, are just relatively large, good and expensive fruit varieties among state-owned enterprises (fruits).
State-owned enterprises, as the name implies, are state-owned enterprises, enterprises belonging to the state and owned by the whole people, not private enterprises, private enterprises or foreign enterprises. Central enterprises, as the name implies, are central enterprises, the highest level state-owned enterprises, which are directly invested and managed by the central government.
Therefore, the narrow distinction between state-owned enterprises and central enterprises should be: central enterprises are enterprises directly invested and managed by the central government, while state-owned enterprises are enterprises directly invested and managed by local governments.
Central enterprises also have narrow sense and broad sense. The narrow sense of central enterprises we often say generally refers to 148 (98 large central enterprises) managed by SASAC. Central enterprises in a broad sense are managed by SASAC, such as China Aerospace, China Petroleum and China Airlines. There are also the State Council management, such as the Railway Corporation; There are also those managed by the Ministry of Finance and central huijin, such as Bank of China and People's Insurance Company of China. There are other departments and people's organizations in the State Council, such as China Tobacco, China Publishing, China Post, China Gold and so on.
There are also differences in administrative levels among central enterprises, including ministerial level, deputy ministerial level and bureau level. Management authority is different. Party and government positions in some central enterprises are managed by the Central Organization Department, while others are managed by the SASAC Party Committee.
Generally speaking, the deputy ministerial-level and ministerial-level party and government posts of central enterprises are inspected and appointed by the Enterprise Cadre Bureau of the Central Organization Department, with the assistance of the Party Committee of the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission. For example, the party secretary, chairman and general manager of China Petroleum and China Petrochemical were all announced by the cadres of the Fifth Bureau of the Central Organization Department and the deputy director of the Central Organization Department. There are about 30 such central enterprises, and other smaller central enterprises are appointed and managed by the SASAC Party Committee.
Second, central enterprises and state-owned enterprises have different responsibilities.
The functions undertaken by central enterprises and state-owned enterprises are different. Central enterprises are the economic lifeline of the country and the ruling foundation of the party. The Party strengthens its absolute leadership over state-owned enterprises, strengthens "working for the Party in the economic field", emphasizes the consistency of the two, and gradually puts them in place from the management system. The party secretary and chairman are the monitor of state-owned enterprises, and the general manager is the vice monitor. This has a clearer positioning with the previous factory director responsibility system.
Therefore, state-owned enterprises should bear political, social and economic responsibilities. Performing political responsibilities is fundamental, and enterprises that are not in the right direction will go astray; Social responsibility is the key. Without public trust, enterprises cannot stand on their feet. Economic responsibility is the foundation. Without interests, there is no ability to fulfill political and social responsibilities.
It's too awkward to write like this. Let me give you a simple example:
State-owned enterprises, especially central enterprises, should play the role of stabilizers and ballast stones of the national economy at critical moments. For example, in China Coal Sweater War (homophonic), every central enterprise plays a cornerstone role in different fields. When the country needs the contribution of central enterprises, central enterprises must fulfill their political responsibilities, which is the first responsibility, and also fulfill their social responsibilities, which is the second responsibility.
Therefore, at the critical moment, the first responsibility of central enterprises is not economic responsibility. Central enterprises can't talk about the world by economic benefits, but by political responsibility, and make contributions by theory of social responsibility, instead of "making money".
Let's take another simple example: what if coal-mining countries can't buy oil when they manage and interfere in the oil trade? It is the basis of energy security to increase exploration investment for three barrels of oil, find more oil and exploit it, even if the cost is higher. For example, coal countries block major shipping channels, and foreign companies, private enterprises and private shipping companies are afraid to sail. Shipping companies of central enterprises are not afraid to sacrifice to engage in transportation, otherwise the national economy and national security will be affected.
Third, the development space of central enterprises and state-owned enterprises is different.
Many fresh graduates are asking whether it is better to enter a state-owned enterprise or a state-owned enterprise or a foreign enterprise. From the perspective of social function, private enterprises and foreign enterprises are also important components of the national economy. As long as you eat with your hands, you will contribute to the national economy.
From a pragmatic point of view, the development space of central enterprises is greater than that of local state-owned enterprises. From the perspective of income, the welfare of central enterprises is higher than that of ordinary local state-owned enterprises. From the perspective of long-term stability, central enterprises are more stable. Because state-owned enterprises assume social responsibilities in order to solve the employment problem, they will not easily dismiss employees from society, because this will increase the social burden. Therefore, state-owned enterprises, especially central enterprises, are also a valuable resource.
Some people will point out that state-owned enterprises are inefficient, overstaffed and slow to grow, especially some traditional enterprises, with low wages, poor prospects and limited growth. These "chronic diseases of big enterprises" are slowly being treated. With the deepening of modern enterprise system and the promotion of performance appraisal, the disadvantages of cadres being promoted and demoted, employees being promoted and demoted, and wages being promoted and demoted are changing. The vitality of state-owned enterprises, especially central enterprises, is being released.
Excellent talents are still very optimistic about the opportunity to join central enterprises. The country is advancing the strategy of "going out", and central enterprises are stepping onto the stage of the international market, and more and more outstanding talents are needed. With the exploration and innovation of professional manager system, the salary and treatment of outstanding talents are gradually in line with international standards. If it is said that there is not much room for the development of state-owned enterprises, especially central enterprises, it is really a big mistake.
State-owned enterprises, especially central enterprises, have large platforms, great opportunities and great undertakings. For excellent talents, realizing self-worth is the highest pursuit. Although many high-tech, internet-based private enterprises are also carrying out major technological innovations, central enterprises still have the advantage of "concentrating resources" to do great things. Those big countries are still dominated by central enterprises, and many meritorious figures are still from central enterprises. Central enterprises are now the backbone of the country's future and will provide a broader stage for outstanding talents to start businesses.