1. Drug support therapy
During the treatment, glucosamine sulfate and chondroitin sulfate can also be used for support therapy. Glucosamine sulfate and chondroitin sulfate are clinically used to treat osteoarthritis in all parts of the body. These chondroprotective agents have certain anti-inflammatory and anti-cartilage decomposition effects.
2. Blocking treatment
According to different conditions, there are four common methods for nerve block treatment of lumbar disc herniation, namely, nerve root block of intervertebral foramen, sacral epidural block, local pain point block and continuous epidural catheter block. If the patient is hospitalized, the condition is serious, and the elevation of the affected lower limb is below 4 degrees, intervertebral foramen nerve root block and epidural indwelling catheter continuous block are often used. However, if the condition is mild, long-term persistent low back pain and local pain points exist, and the affected lower limbs are elevated between 4 degrees and 7 degrees, the other two blocking methods are mostly used.
3. Nucleus fusion therapy
At present, collagenase or papain is often used to treat lumbar disc herniation. This enzyme is injected into the disc or between the dura mater and the protruding nucleus pulposus to selectively dissolve the nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus without damaging the nerve roots, so as to reduce the pressure in the disc or make the protruding nucleus pulposus smaller and relieve the symptoms. But this method has the risk of allergic reaction.
4. Percutaneous nucleotomy and laser vaporization
Special instruments enter the intervertebral space under X-ray monitoring, and part of the nucleus pulposus is ground and sucked out or gasified by laser, thus reducing the pressure in the intervertebral disc to achieve the purpose of relieving symptoms. It is suitable for patients with bulging or mild protrusion, but not suitable for patients with lateral recess stenosis or obvious protrusion and those with nucleus pulposus detached from the spinal canal.
5. Surgical treatment
After a long period of development, the methods of surgical treatment of lumbar disc herniation have become mature, mainly divided into anterior and posterior approaches, and the posterior approach is the most commonly used. Among them, posterior surgery can be divided into total laminectomy, hemi-laminectomy and fenestration according to the different ways of entering the spinal canal. With the development of some medical devices, some minimally invasive surgery, artificial disc replacement and posterior non-fusion have also achieved good results in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation.
6. Exercise method
(1) Repeated waist rubbing: put your hands on the psoas major muscle of the same side, rub them from top to bottom and then from bottom to top for 1-15 times, taking the fever on both sides as the degree.
(2) Crawling training: The limbs are crawling, and the waist is bent and sank successively. Then touch the left (right) foot with your left (right) hand sideways, raise your hand and turn around, and finally put your hands on the ground and crawl for 3 minutes every day.
(3) Swallow-style exercise: Lie prone on the bed, lifting both lower limbs alternately, lifting both lower limbs at the same time, lifting the upper body backward, lifting both ends of the body off the bed at the same time, etc., for more than ten times each, and keep exercising for 3 minutes every day.
(4) Group exercise: Lie on your back on the bed and do hip flexion, knee flexion, sit-ups or sit-ups with your hands clasped to your chest for more than ten times. This exercise can be performed alternately with the flying swallow every other day.
(5) Walking backwards: Walk backwards in the corridor or open space for about 3 minutes at a time. This kind of exercise is beneficial to improve the state of lumbar muscles, restore the sliding of lumbar physiological arch and lumbar facet joints, and help to relieve facet joint adhesion.
(6) Abdominal-lifting therapy: Do abdominal-lifting exercises dozens of times a day, on the one hand, strengthen the exercise of lumbar muscles, on the other hand, make the intervertebral space, fibrous ring and intervertebral ligament rotate and pull, and generate peripheral pressure, so that the protrusion can be easily taken back, which can make the vertebral joints return to anatomical functional position and reach the adaptive state.
It should be reminded that everyone has different individual differences, so choose one or two ways to exercise. In this process, pay attention to safety, and the elderly should be accompanied by their families.