There is a very special ingredient appeared in front of us, its name is called wild rice, but in addition to this name it also has several aliases called wild rice shoots, wild rice, wild rice shoots and so on. This plant likes to grow in a swampy environment like hi swamp. However, we do not eat all parts of the plant, but the part we eat is the metamorphosed fleshy stems formed when the flower stalks are infected with powdery mildew, which we call "wild rice meat". Its flavor is delicious, high nutritional value, so by everyone's favorite, today I will bring you on the wild rice planting techniques, I hope to be able to help you.
A, soil requirements
Wild rice on the soil requirements are not high but should not be cropped. Deep tillage, rich in organic matter, clay and clay loam soil is the best. The plant of wild rice is relatively tall growing period is long, the growth of the fertilizer needed is large, so it requires a fertile soil, and to carry out a number of basal fertilizer implementation, the need for subdivided fertilizer.
Second, seedling management
10 in the middle of the cut above ground withered leaves, retaining the moss tube on the ground 1 ~ 2 internodes dug up 1/2 of the wild rice duns, with a knife cut into 1 ~ 3 moss tube seedling duns, planted in the nursery field. Nursery field to choose convenient drainage and irrigation, land leveling, sunny and ventilated, deep soil layer of paddy fields, drainage, drying, ploughing and applying sufficient fertilizer into a 150-cm wide bed will be nursery dunnage according to row spacing of 15 cm spacing of 10 cm planting in the bed, in order to plant the dunnage root system into the mud to the degree. Seedlings during the water depth is generally 2 ~ 3 cm winter and early spring low temperature season with plastic film cover to safe overwintering. Growing seedlings to chase thin fertilizer 2 ~ 3 times in early spring of the following year, wild rice seedlings height of 30 cm or so, the nursery dun dug out, with a knife longitudinal cleavage, divided into small dun planting with small duns, each dun should be with the old moss tube, and with 3 ~ 5 tiller seedlings. The following author detailed to you.
1. Selection of good seed plants
In wild rice production, gray wild rice, male wild rice in the field there is always a certain degree of occurrence, so as the seed plants of wild rice should be selected every year, so as not to appear in the second year of production of a large number of gray wild rice or male wild rice, affecting the yield and quality. Selection should be in the fall before the wild rice harvest, select the early pregnancy wild rice, wild rice meat thick white tender, the main wild rice and tiller wild rice harvest period consistent with each other, no gray wild rice, no pests and diseases, surrounded by no male wild rice of the excellent single plant, inserted as a mark.
2. Fertilizing for seedling beds
Select deep soil, convenient drainage and irrigation, land leveling, sunny and ventilated, fertile soil, the previous crop is not wild rice paddy as a seedling, before the beds should be deep plowing, sunshine, applying sufficient organic fertilizer 3thm2, into a bed width of 1.2-1.5m, ditch width of 30cm of the flat beds, to keep the beds wet into a sticky slurry-like. The ratio of nursery field to field area is usually 1:10~15. Immediately after the stubble of the previous crop of wild rice, the land should be turned over to a depth of about 20 centimeters deep after the winter freezing and sunshine to make the soil ripen and loosen. Per mu can be applied pig manure, chicken manure, duck manure and other rotting organic fertilizers 1500 ~ 2000 kg or more than 2500 kilograms of human urine, fertilization and then ploughing once, and then flooding and harrowing and do a good job of ridges off the water.
3. Transplant cuttings, transplanting
Transplant cuttings: early January, to be transported to the field after the harvest of good seed plants will be planted wild rice bushes dug up the roots to select the surface with 1-2 sections of mossy pipe below the plant, according to each seedling dun with 1-3 mossy pipe separation, and timely spread in the field sunshine seedling, general sunshine seedling about 10d. to be planted outside the leaves dry through the roots of the soil is slightly whitish seedling dehydration The cuttings will be cut again when they are about 5%. Sun seedling is conducive to promote tillering early water bamboo is the key to the success of early cultivation. Cuttings of each seedling mound row spacing 10cmx10cm. depth to the old stems and roots into the mud is appropriate. The cuttings are completed in time to cover the small arch, and film insulation.
Splitting and transplanting: wild rice transplanting time for the middle and end of March when the climate warms up dug out seedlings dun, with a sharp knife split split. According to each plant 3 ~ 5 sound tiller seedlings, each tiller seedlings have 3 ~ 4 leaves requirements for cutting, cutting can not damage the tiller buds and new roots. The planting should be done with the seedling, with the planting, with the planting. Take the size of the row spacing cultivation, small row spacing of 60 ~ 70 cm, large row spacing of 80 ~ 90 cm plant spacing 50 ~ 60 cm, the depth of planting is generally to the old roots buried in the soil 10 cm, the old moss tube flush with the ground is appropriate. Too deep is not conducive to tillering too shallow in the soil is not firm, easy to be blown by the wind, so that seedlings floating, not conducive to survival.
Three, field management
1. Irrigation: after transplanting to maintain three to five centimeters of shallow water, to promote the sub Mo. The first part of the water to add water to the depth of six to seven centimeters, the later part of the water to deepen the water layer to fifteen to twenty centimeters, so as to control the ineffective part of the Mozambique, to promote wild rice. Keep the water level at about 20 centimeters during pregnancy, and pay attention to not letting wild rice see the light at this time, and make sure to keep the flesh of wild rice white and tender. Autumn wild rice harvest to maintain three to seven centimeters of water depth, the ground part of the dead dormant period to maintain a centimeter of shallow water.
2. Fertilizer: wild rice is a fertilizer crop, field transplanting 7 to 10 days later, per mu to apply urea 10 kg or ammonium carbonate 15 kg seedling fertilizer. In most of the tiller wild rice into pregnant water bamboo period, to be applied 1 time pregnant wild rice fertilizer, wild rice special fertilizer or formula fertilizer 30 ~ 40 kg.
3. Plowing and weeding: the first plowing in the root plants began to return to green after five to seven days. The second in the first plowing weeding days after seven to ten days, the third is the last time, that is, in the plant before the row closure. The third is the last time, which is before the plants close the rows. After closing the rows, it is not convenient to enter the field, and usually no more mid-tillage. If there are any weeds during plowing, pull them out by hand and step into the mud as fertilizer. Chemical herbicides can also be used for weed control, which are used twice, 5-7 days and 15-17 days after planting. Use 0.5 kg of 25% herbicide ether per mu, mix it with fine sand or fertilizer and then sprinkle it into the field. Or use 60% butachlor emulsion, 75~100 ml per mu to water spray, no effect on the growth of wild rice.
Four, disease and insect control
The common pests and diseases that wild rice can encounter are the following: rust, blight, hoary leaf spot disease, salamander bugs, long green lice, leafhoppers and so on.
Their prevention and control measures are mainly these, one is to thoroughly clean up the disease residues and weeds in the field after harvesting, which is mainly to reduce the source of pests and diseases in the field. The second is reasonable water and fertilizer management, increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, increase soil permeability. If once there are pests and diseases, then in the early stage of occurrence, choose the right low-toxicity and high-efficiency pesticides in time for spraying control. Timely harvesting when the fleshy wild rice is obviously expanded, leaf sheaths hold together at the separation, the three leaves of wild rice wrapped in the base of the occipital flush, three leaves are long and flush, the heart of the shortened leaf sheaths at the junction of the obvious bundle into the waist, leaf sheaths side of the slight crack, slightly exposed wild rice meat, it is necessary to carry on the harvesting. After harvesting, the wild rice base of the moss tube and excess leaves can be shipped to the market sales.