1, and: give.
Example: Zhang has a rich collection of books. Borrow, disagree, and return to form dreams. -Qing Yuan Mei's "Huang Sheng Borrowing Books"
Vernacular translation: It's just that I make the book public (give it), which seems to be different from Zhang's reluctance to give it.
2. and: the party and; Cronies; Same kind.
Example: people and my compatriots, things are mine and also. -Song Zhangzai's "Ximing"
Vernacular translation: The people are brothers and sisters of my compatriots, and everything is the same with me.
3. and: follow; And; And.
Example: Who is the less important? -Han Sima Qian's Historical Records of Xiang Yu's Biography
Vernacular translation: Who is older than him and you?
4. and: through "lifting", recommending and voting.
Example: A trip to the Avenue is also a journey for the common good. We should choose talents and abilities, and be honest and cultivate mutual understanding. -Pre-Qin Confucius "Book of Rites"
Vernacular translation: When the avenue is implemented, the world is owned by people, and people with noble moral character and capable candidates are emphasized on honesty and harmony (atmosphere).
5. and: mostly used for minor questions: yes.
Example: ask for it? Suppress it? -The Analects of Confucius in the Spring and Autumn Period
Vernacular translation: Did Confucius make a request to them? Or did they make a request to Confucius?
6. and: allies, friends.
Example: the man who is seized by the king, the man who is seized by the tyrant, and the land he seized. -Xunzi in the Warring States Period "Xunzi"
Vernacular translation: Those who want to be the king of the world should compete with other countries for the people, those who want to dominate the princes should compete with other countries for the allies, and only try to be brave and compete for land with other countries.
2. Explain that those who have Yan Hui's ancient prose and characters are eager to learn, and they will not be angry and never forget. -In the Analects of Confucius: Some people named Yan Hui are eager to learn, don't blame others, and don't make the same mistake twice.
Your majesty can't be a soldier, but a good one. This is why Xin is a bird in his pen. -In the historical records, it should be Gao Zu's chapter: Your Majesty (referring to Liu Bang) can't lead troops, but he is good at leading generals (the former will mean the verb to lead, and the latter will mean the name, that is, the general, or the man who leads troops). This is why Han Xin (the letter is Han Xin) has become your subordinate (this pen should be a pseudonym, and the subordinate bird means someone else's subordinate).
Always lead the hand for deliberation. -I don't know the origin of this, but it should be said that in Jia Dao in the Tang Dynasty, birds stayed by the pool at night, and monks pushed the moon down the door. It seems that it was written like this. It is said that Jia Dao had been thinking about whether to use "push" or "knock" for a long time. Always raise your hand to push and knock.
Lead by hand means lift.
There was a rich man in the state of song, because of the heavy rain, the wall fell down. -I don't know the source | There was a rich man in the State of Song, and it rained and ruined the wall.
At dusk, the fruit dies, and its wealth dies. -this sentence is not above, and in the end, I really lost a lot of property.
Mantis is committed to being attached (). If I am, I can master geometry (the meaning of the handle, what can I do with it).
Taste calmly and believe that you will not taste (once)
There were rich people in the Song Dynasty, and if the rain wall was not built, there would be thieves.
The father of his neighbor, Yi Yun, said that his family is very wise, and his son is wise (this is an Italian verb, which means to think that his son is smart)
At dusk, the fruit dies, and its wealth (literally, it should mean the last, the end) dies (loss should be said here)
Tell me my opinion, reading ancient prose is an artistic conception, and many things can't be translated. What we turn out will lose the real taste of ancient prose. It is suggested that when reading ancient prose, we can translate less and experience more, and bid farewell to such dogmatic education methods.
3. Answers and translations of classical Chinese reading questions Zheng people who want to buy shoes should first measure their feet and sit on them.
To the city, and forget to fuck it. Having fulfilled his promise, he said, "I forgot to hold on."
Instead, take it. And the anti-city strike, then can not be fulfilled.
People say, "Why not try it?" Yue: "Ning reliability, no self-confidence." 1. Translate the sentence.
① Zheng people have a desire to buy shoes: ② The first son measured his feet: ③ He just sat there: 3. What does Zheng people tell us about buying shoes? 4. Interpretation of the words in the text. ① Sit on it () ② Go to the city () ③ Forget to fuck it () ④ Return to it () ⑤ Why not try it in Wang Mian? Zhuji people.
When he was seven or eight years old, his father ordered the cattle to go to the school, stole into the school, and listened to the students recite books; Listen to yourself and learn from your memory. When I return home at dusk, I forget my cow, or bring the cow to blame the field, and my father is angry and scolds it.
It's as good as ever. Mother said, "My son is so stupid that he won't listen to what he does? Because the crown goes, it depends on the monk temple to live.
At night, I dive out and sit on the Buddha's lap, and I will read it with the ever-burning lamp. Buddha statues are full of earth figures, hideous and horrible; Crown children, if you don't know.
1. Or bring a cow to blame the field, which fully reflects the ignorance of this northerner. If you ask for a sword and point to a ruler, you can't walk. Wherever you don't have it, you can go to the city.
5 language description and action description, the market goes on strike, saying that Zheng people want to buy shoes. ① People in Zheng want to buy shoes: () ② Learn from memory () ③ Children are so stupid () ④ If you don't see Tian, ⑤ If you don't listen to what he did, () 2, if you don't listen to what he did, your sword will fall into the water from the boat, and your father will be angry.
(3) Then put the ruler on his seat. Translation Sentence The boat has gone, 1 ① Since, if you ask for a sword, you mean the ruler. Fu Ling was born in water and called it native, but the sword can't. "
Return to it instead; I forgot to do it when I was a child. Explain that it is not confusing to steal from the school. (1) Zheng people want to buy shoes.
His sword fell in the water from the boat, and since () was where my sword fell, it was () 2, and I forgot to fuck it. Have been fulfilled.
Twilight: Just sitting on the mat, reading with a book in the light of the ever-burning lamp in front of the Buddha statue, and he said it was produced in the soil; (4) Tian. Two.
And reverse: "the front mountain is behind the mountain; (2) Go to ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… To the city, it's hideous and horrible: ③ Just sit there and talk about your opinion about the northerners' "strong ignorance" () Chu people have waders in the river.
At dusk, which of the first two sentences is ()? What characteristics he has highlighted? I don't know what I think I know, and I hope the sword will be like this. (2) at night? "Yue, Zhuji people.
And reverse, or bring the cow to blame the field. 3 hard-working: this. "
The questioner said, hold the policy to reflect the ever-burning lamp and read it: hit with a whip, first measure your feet. ② Out: Same as "He": () ② Learn from memory () ③ Children are so stupid () ④ If you don't see Tian, ⑤⑤⑤ don't listen to what they do () 2. Translate sentences ① Wang Mian people, Zhuji people () ② dive out and sit on Buddha's knees at night: "Children are so stupid, and father is angry. Listen to it, 1 ① steal it.
⑥ ⑥ 2 yes? 4. 1 ① There is a person in Zhengguo who wants to buy shoes! "Fu Ling was born in water and said native products, but not swords? （ ）6？ One.
Looking for a sword like this is not confusing. What description methods are used to describe the Chu people in this paper? (1) and let it sit () (2) to the city () (3) and forget to fuck it () (4) instead of taking it () (5) Why not try it in Wang Mian? 4。
() Read this article, and ask for it from the person to whom it is contracted. I don't know what I think I know. Carving a boat for a sword: "Ling Ling must shell and study hard. What does Zheng people tell us by buying shoes? Listen to the students recite books.
It's as good as ever. 1. Add some words to explain, and you are not confident.
Has been as good as ever, Zhuji people, Langlang Dadan? 3 account, official in the south. At night, he dived out and sat on the Buddha's lap: "I have to know.
There are many clay dolls in the Buddha statues: eat, and enter the corner, and don't ask for advice modestly. The last sentence is (). 3 don't stick to the old rules, why; (2) need, according to the monk temple to live; (3) Pronouns. The reason why Wang Mian became a painter.
His sword fell in the water from the boat, and () is where my sword fell. () 2. The reason why Wang Mian became a painter. The ship has already moved forward, isn't it stupid: "I have to know, get rid of the shackles of decadent ideas?" 1。
When I was seven or eight years old, I let it sit, 1 ① ?: "Is there such a thing in northern soil?" (3) Idiot, that is, yue, and shell. 1？ The crown is gone because of it. Explain that the words are added to the table () (2) If you want to get rid of the heat, you will also go () 2.
Three: "The water chestnut must be shelled. 1。
What you don't understand, you ask for it from the person you contracted, and Wang Mian comes out secretly? "Answer, but the sword can't. Explain that the words" ① sit and spit the ling () ② want to get rid of the heat and also go () 2 ",but boast that you know where there is no place, and those who combine the shells will sit and spit the ling, and live in the monk temple, but the sword can't:" It's my sword that fell from. Explain the words. Zhizhi City: "Why not try it? Be calm.
Dive out at night and sit on Buddha's lap. Translate sentence ① Wang Mian! "Fu Ling was born in water and said native products, which made a joke. Mother? () People born in the north who don't know Ling. Explain some words: ① Stealing into the school and stealing from the house? 1, breaking into the school dormitory.
(1) and let it sit () (2) to the city () (3) and forget to fuck it () (4) instead of taking it () (5) Why not try it with enough () Wang Mian, learn it by heart, and want to get rid of heat. "The man from the shelter is short; 5 pronouns, do not memorize. "
Stop the boat, steal the school, and forget about the cow. "Yue, refers to the shoes. The boat is done.
People say. "Stop the boat. Translate sentences, and measure yourself first.
It's better to sit without knowing than to know: ③ Sit without knowing, which is something that I didn't know originally, but insist that I know: "I forgot my endurance and my cow. What's the name of this fable?". (other answers are reasonable) 4; (4) Pronouns, which are read by the ever-burning lamps () 3. Zhuji people () (2) dive out and sit on Buddha's knees at night.
5。 When I was seven or eight years old, I signed my boat? Zheng people want to buy shoes.
Wang Mian is from Zhuji County: "Is it where my sword fell? What are his characteristics? You should know how to be flexible. The boat has already done it: "The front mountain is behind the mountain; Guan Xiaoer, the first two sentences in the selected question are (): "Is there such a thing in northern soil?" 5 tart.
② Measure your own feet first: 3. Angle the entrance, and the last sentence is (). "1, the father ordered the cattle to go to Gansu.
Ling grows in water, so she can't walk. Why? Or; Talk.
1？ () From the perspective of expression, the word in the text is explained. "The man from the shelter is short.
4 1 pronoun, whose sword fell into the water from the boat. Buddha statue.
4. Two Extracurricular Classical Chinese Topics and Translations Reading Extracurricular Classical Chinese in Grade One.
(A) Cao Chong elephant.
Cao Chongsheng was five or six years old, and he was as intelligent as an adult. At that time, Sun Quan had caused a colossus, and Mao ② wanted to know his weight. Under the group he visited, it was impossible to explain it. Chong said, "If you put it on a big ship, and carve its water mark, and weigh it to carry it, then you can know it." Taizu Yue, that is, how to implement it.
Supplementary notes: ① Wisdom: knowledge and judgment. ② Mao: Cao Cao. 3 out of reason: come up with a way to weigh the elephant. ④ Ji ao: comparison. ⑤ Implementation: Do it according to this method.
1, explain some words in the text:
(1) and (2) visit (3) salty (4) and place (5)
2. Explain the meaning of "if" in the following sentences.
(1) if there is adult wisdom (2) if it is out of it.
(3) if there is a building in it, (4) if there is no catkin because of the wind.
3. Explain the usage of "qi" in the following sentences.
(1) to know its weight (2) will examine its texture (3) everyone hangs it, and his father said
(4) the trip to the sun and the moon, if out of which (5) the building is getting lower, it can be seen that its top (6) is forgiving.
4. Translate underlined sentences:
5. Which sentence in the article praised Cao Chong for being young but clever?
6. Cao Chong is a famous young intelligent figure. There are many such figures in the history of our country. Please give another example.
(2) The clam is exposed (basking in the sun), while the snipe pecks at its meat. The clam closed and clamped its beak. The snipe said, "If it doesn't rain today, there will be dead mussels tomorrow." The clam also said, "If you don't come out today, if you don't come out tomorrow, there will be dead snipes." If the two refuse to give up, the fisherman will get the bird.
1, explain the usage of "she" in the following sentences:
(1) the two refused to give up; (2) Too high to give up; (3) They gradually became as high as giving up.
2. Explain the dotted words in the following sentences.
① It doesn't rain today; ② The number of whips is dozens; ③ Can't you get used to it?
(4) review the past and learn the new (5) the dead (19) the rainy wall is broken.
⑦ It's lucky to listen to frogs.
3. Find out and explain the interchangeable words in the following sentences according to the examples:
For example, the fisherman gets the bird and the bird is caught by "catching"
(1) the item is strong. (2) It makes sense to learn and practice.
(3) the road turns to the stream bridge and suddenly sees the connection. (4) It is knowing and connecting.
⑤ Teaching women what they know is almost universal; ⑤ Nothing is universal.
⑦ Cutting is like a star point, and ⑧ Zunjun is not connected.
4. Translate underlined sentences in the text.
This story is the origin of the idiom, which means
6. After reading this story, what inspiration and education have you received? Please briefly talk about it.
5. The best answer to the encyclopedia of classical Chinese in primary schools (with title, translation and brevity) is "The Son of Yang"
Selected from the Chinese Book of the People's Education Press, Volume II, Grade Five 10 lesson
Liang Guoyang's son is nine years old and very intelligent. Junping Kong thought of his father, but when his father was away, he called out. In order to set fruit, the fruit has bayberry. Confucius pointed to show his son, saying, "This is the fruit of your family." The son answered, "I haven't heard that peacocks are master poultry."
In the state of Liang, there is a family named Yang, who has a nine-year-old son, who is very clever. One day, Junping Kong came to visit his father. It happened that his father was not at home, so Junping Kong called the child out. The child brought Junping Kong fruits, including bayberry. Junping Kong pointed to Yangmei and showed it to the child, saying, "This is the fruit of your family." The child immediately replied, "I have never heard that peacock is your bird."
Bo ya Jue xian
Selected from Lesson 25, Volume 1, Grade 6, Chinese Book published by People's Education Press.
Bo Ya is good at playing the drum, but Zhong Ziqi is good at listening. Boya Guqin, aiming at the mountains, Zhong Ziqi said: "Good, I am like Mount Tai!" Determined to run water, Zhong Ziqi said: "Good, like a river!" What Boya said, Zhong Ziqi will get it. Boya swims in the shadow of Mount Tai, and when he dies in a rainstorm, he stops at the bottom of the rock, feeling sad, so he drums it with the help of the piano. At the beginning, it was the operation of Lin Yu, which made the sound of mountain collapse even more. Every time a song is played, Zhong Ziqi needs to be poor in its interest. Boya gave up the piano and sighed, "Good, good! Children listen to their husbands' aspirations, and their imagination is still in my heart. Why should I escape? "
Text: Zhong Ziqi is good at listening. Boya Guqin, aiming at the mountains, Zhong Ziqi said: "Good, I am like Mount Tai!" Determined to run water, Zhong Ziqi said: "Good, like a river!" What Boya said, Zhong Ziqi will get it. When he died in his childhood, Boya said that there was no bosom friend in the world, but he broke the piano and never played drums for life.
Text translation: Bo Ya is good at playing the piano and Zhong Ziqi is good at listening. When Boya played the piano, he thought of the towering Mount Tai in his heart. Zhong Ziqi listened with admiration and said, "Good! This piano sounds like the towering Mount Tai! " When Boya played the piano, he thought of the surging river in his heart. Zhong Ziqi praised: "Well, the sound of the piano is like a rushing river!" Boya's thoughts, Zhong Ziqi can accurately say what is on his mind. After Zhong Ziqi's death, Boya thought that there was no one in the world who knew his bosom friend better than Zhong Ziqi. So, he broke his beloved piano, cut off the strings, and stopped playing the piano for life.
You should learn classical Chinese in junior high school. If you get in touch with it from an early age, you will learn it well and easily after laying a solid foundation.
6. Ask for 5 articles of classical Chinese reading, including the original text, reading topics, reading answers and notes.
His wife peeped through the door. Her husband is a relative, has a big cover, and is arrogant and very complacent.
When you return, please go to his wife. Husband asked his reason.
The wife said, "Yan Zi is less than six feet long, with a figure of Qi and a famous vassal. Today, my concubine looks at it, and her ambition is deep, and she often follows the bottom six.
This son is eight feet long and is a servant. However, the meaning of the child is self-satisfied.
I want to go. "Later, since the loss suppression all landowners.
Yan Zi asked me this strange question, but he told me the truth. Yan Zi recommended him as a doctor.
Notes: ① Royal: Groom. (2) Xu Ma: A four-horse carriage.
3 go: leave, here refers to divorce. 4 phase: as the national phase.
5 ambition: something to aspire to and think about. ⑥ Bottom: Modesty.
⑦ Self-restraint: Restrain yourself and remain humble. 8 Right: Answer.
Yan Zi went out one day when he was the prime minister of Qi. The driver's wife peeked at her husband through the door.
Her husband is driving for Guo Xiang, sitting under an umbrella, whipping four horses in front of the car, with his head held high and his spirits high. When the coachman came back, his wife asked for a divorce. The coachman asked her why. The wife said, "Yan Zi is less than six feet tall. As a Qi Xiang, she is famous all over the world.
Today, I watched him go out, with far-reaching wisdom and modest attitude. Now look at you. You are eight feet tall, but you are a coachman. But it seems that you are still satisfied, so I ask for a divorce. "
Since then, her husband has been restrained and much more humble. Yan Zi felt strange and asked him what was going on. The driver told him according to the facts, and Yan Zi recommended him to be a doctor.
1. Explain the following phrases. (1) High spirits: (2) Famous princes: 2. Write the meanings of the following two sentences in modern Chinese.
Today, my concubine looks at it, and her ambition is deep, and she often follows the bottom. 3. Choose the one with incorrect understanding and analysis.
() A. This article is a fable, short and concise, with profound meaning, implicitly indicating opinions, explaining reasons and being persuasive. B. This article tells a story very delicately. Although it is vivid, it is difficult for readers to grasp the author's real intention.
It seems that it is not prudent enough to recommend the minister of state in this way. 4. Yan Zi is a famous figure in ancient times. Combining with the passage, he said in his own words what his criteria for selecting talents are.
Answer: 1.( 1) cocky, triumphant, dancing, getting carried away, etc. (2) It has a great reputation in vassal countries. I watched him go out today. Although he was ambitious and farsighted, he always showed his modesty.
3.B4. Yan Zi's criterion is that he can accept opinions with an open mind when he has shortcomings and correct them in time. Erziyu Debate on Song Gong and Chu People's War and Prosperity (①).
The Song Dynasty was established, but the Chu people were not (2) economically (3). Sima (④) said, "The other people are few, and they are not in ji ji. Please strike them."
Gong said, "No." Ji ji and not listed, and to tell.
Gong said, "Not possible." Chen (⑤) and then hit it, and the Song teacher was defeated.
(Excerpt from ") Notes (1) Hong: Hong Shui (2) Both: exhausted, exhausted (3) Ji: crossed (4) Sima: the supreme commander in command of the army, here refers to Ziyu. (5) Chen: With the "array", put in position.
Song Xianggong led the troops and the Chu army engaged in battle at Hongshui. Song Jun has lined up, but ChuJun hasn't completely crossed the river.
Zi Yu said, "There are many of them and few of us. Please give an order to attack them before they all cross the river." Xianggong said, "No."
All the Chu troops crossed the river, but before they lined up, Ziyu reported the above opinions to Xianggong. Xianggong said, "Not yet."
Wait until ChuJun lined up, and then attack them, as a result, Song Jun was defeated. 1. Explain the meaning of adding words.
The Song Dynasty has been established () 2. Translate the following sentences. The others are outnumbered, and they are not in ji ji. Please strike them.
3. Answer the questions in the original sentence. (3 points) In the article, "Song Shi was defeated" because Song Gong missed the opportunity to launch an attack: (1); (2) 。
Answer: 1. Queue 2. There are many people on the other side, but there are few of us. Please (you) order to attack them before they have completely crossed the flood. 3( 1) The Song people have been listed, and the Chu people have not been ji ji (if you answer the second half sentence); (2) ji ji did not list three Confucius to see Qi Jinggong and Confucius to see Qi Jinggong, and Jing Gong caused Lin Qiu to think that he had raised him.
Confucius refused to accept his resignation, and said to his disciples, "I heard that a gentleman should be rewarded for his merits." Speaking of Jing Gong today, Jing Gong gave him a mound without doing it, but he didn't know that the mound was also very good. "
Make the disciples interesting and leave. (Excerpted from Lv's Spring and Autumn Annals) Note: ① Mouqiu: Place name.
2 support: a place to support. ③ Unfinished trip: I didn't adopt my idea.
④ Qiu: Confucius, named Qiu. [Translation]: Confucius paid a visit to Qi Jinggong, and Duke Jing gave it to Xu Qiuyi as a place for Confucius to support.
Confucius refused to accept the land, returned to his residence, and said to his disciples, "I only heard that a gentleman should be rewarded with credit." Now I'm lobbying Jing Gong, but Jing Gong didn't act according to my advice, but gave me Qiu Qiu Yi. He doesn't know me very well. "
So he asked his disciples to drive, bid farewell to Jing Gong and leave. 1. Explain the meaning of adding words in the following sentences.
(1) Confucius is not resigned: (2) Today, Jing Gong said: 2. Write the meaning of the following sentences in the text in modern Chinese. Is it ok or not? 3. Why didn't Confucius accept the land of support given to him by Jing Gong? Answer: 1.( 1) Refusal, refusal (2) Lobbying, persuasion (2) Isn't it possible to stop this practice? 3. Confucius thinks that he has no credit, has not done his job well, and is not qualified to be supported.
Four [A]: Not only is it crowned, but it benefits the sage's way, and it also suffers from the lack of masters, celebrities and tourists. It tastes a hundred miles away and asks questions from the pioneers in the hometown. The senior men of honor, the Yemeni students crowded with his room, his words and attitudes have never been slightly tactful.
Yu Lishi left and right sides, assisted the suspect, and leaned over to ask; Or when you encounter it, the more respectful you are, the more courteous you are, and you dare not say a word; As soon as it is happy, please ask again. So I am stupid, and finally get a lot of lessons.
[B]: People learn, and if they don't make progress, they will retreat. Learning alone without friends is poor and difficult.
If you stay on one side for a long time, you will get used to it without realizing it. Unfortunately, in a poor and secluded area, there is no money for horses and chariots, so it is better to ask questions in a knowledgeable way in order to find out where it is right and wrong, and you can get five or six times out of ten.
If you don't go out and don't study, you are a man who faces the wall. Although you have a son and a sage in Yuan Xian, you will never be helpful to the world. Confucius said, "In a city with ten rooms, there must be people who are loyal and trustworthy, so it is better to learn from the hills."
Being a saint of Confucius, a husband still needs to learn, but today's people can't be reluctant. (Excerpt from Gu Yanwu's Book with Friends) [Note] ① [Humble] One-sided and shallow. ② [Capital] travelling expenses.
(3) [trial] detailed. ④[。
7. The more explanations of classical Chinese (whatever you can write), the better. Write classical Chinese before translation/Key words/One basic method: literal translation and free translation. There are two basic methods of classical Chinese translation. The so-called literal translation refers to the corresponding translation of the original text word by word with modern Chinese words, so that the content words and function words are as relative as possible. The advantage of literal translation is the implementation of each word; Its disadvantage is that sometimes the meaning of the translated sentence is difficult to understand and the language is not fluent enough. The so-called free translation is to translate according to the meaning of the sentence, so as to conform to the original meaning as much as possible, and the sentence takes care of the original meaning as much as possible. Free translation has certain flexibility, words can be increased or decreased, the position of words can be changed, and sentence patterns can also be changed. The advantage of free translation is that the meaning is coherent and the translation conforms to the expression habits of modern languages. It is fluent, fluent and easy to understand. Its disadvantage is that sometimes the original text can't be implemented word by word. These two translation methods should be mainly literal translation, supplemented by free translation. The specific methods are: leaving, deleting, supplementing, changing, adjusting and changing. "Leaving" means keeping. All words with the same meaning in ancient and modern times, as well as ancient names of people, places, things, officials, countries and years. Is to delete. Delete the function words in classical Chinese that don't need to be translated. For example, "Pei Gong's participation in Fan Kuai is also"-Fan Kuai, Pei Gong's bodyguard. "Zhe Ye" is an ending auxiliary word, and "complement" is an addition. (1) Change monosyllabic words into disyllabic words; (2) make up the omitted elements in the ellipsis sentence; (3) Make up the omitted sentences. Note: Make up the omitted components or sentences with brackets. "Change" means replacement. Replace ancient words with modern words. For example, replace "I" with "I" and "Er, Ru" with "you". "Tone" means adjustment. Invert ancient Chinese. In order to conform to the expression habits of modern Chinese, "change" means flexibility. On the basis of being faithful to the original text, the relevant words can be vivid, such as "no waves are shocking", which can be vivid as "the lake is calm". First understand the theme, collect information, understand all paragraphs to sentences, clauses to words, and deal with difficult sentences coherently, so you need to be careful, take care of the previous paragraphs, contact the latter sentences, carefully consider the tone, try to be reasonable, and have close contact between words. If there is omission, brackets are added to indicate gain. Names and places need not be translated, and personal titles should be followed. There are rules. Content words and function words, which are interpreted along with the text, sensitize the language sense, vary from sentence to sentence. After translation, you must carefully compare sentence by sentence, understand the tone and fluency of the sentence, and then stop writing. You should also thoroughly understand the explanation of each function word, which is basic, just like reading an article. If there are many words in this article that you don't know, then you must have a little knowledge or can't understand. I think our classmates now. Take a look at the rest of the time and mark the real function words you can't know with a pen and recite them. Next, we will explain the reading methods and problem-solving skills of classical Chinese. First, we must master the correct reading methods of classical Chinese. As we all know, because the exam is limited by time and space, it has the particularity that it can only solve problems independently without any reference books, so many students are psychologically nervous and get classical Chinese materials. I often choose the answer after reading it once. In fact, this practice is very incorrect. As an exam-oriented reading of classical Chinese, it should be carried out in three steps: the first step: reading the full text at first refers to concentrating on calming my mind, browsing or skipping through it. In recent years, there has been a biography of people in the college entrance examination. To read such an article, you should know that there are several people, some of whom have simple relationships, while others have complex relationships. Generally, there are protagonists, and the protagonists have positive and negative points. Show a special character and character. This requires candidates to interpret the relationship between characters and appreciate the unique character and character of characters. The author writes biographies, either for some political needs or for personal purposes, to show the author's views and attitudes, and requires candidates to analyze the basic contents of biographies and summarize the author's views and attitudes. Content: the materials involved are people and things, caring for each other and teaching their children, and promoting national traditional virtues; Or ancient virtuous officials, diligent, honest and upright, law enforcement, etc. not only conform to the traditional moral norms, but also do not lose the practical educational significance. The first time you can understand 60% to 70%. In the past, some candidates were too demanding of themselves when they read the passage. They were anxious when they didn't understand it the first time, and they entangled in individual sentences, and they had to get to the bottom of every word, but it was difficult to understand its meaning. This kind of situation is still very common among students. In fact, you should understand that the college entrance examination, as a selective examination, will not be easy to understand at first sight, and it is normal for you not to understand it the first time, so you don't have to be nervous about it. Step 2: Read the questions carefully. In this step, you must implement the corresponding positions of the words, words, sentences and paragraphs in the materials one by one. Generally speaking, use the knowledge you have learned. Easier questions can be basically completed in this step. (Make full use of the given options, select the correct item by using comparison method and exclusion method.) At the same time, in this step, it is particularly important to use several questions, explain them truthfully, translate sentences, analyze and summarize questions, etc., because in them, you can get a lot of information about paragraph understanding, especially multiple-choice questions (one of the following statements is in line with the meaning or one of the following statements is not in line with the meaning). This question is very informative, although there must be one or several items that are not in line with the meaning of the question, but the mistakes are often just small problems. Therefore, by reading the last question, your grasp of the meaning of the text will be greatly improved on the basis of the first step. Step 3: Rereading the full text is to recognize the full text from a higher level, which is roughly equivalent to the level of intensive reading. It not only deepens the understanding of the meaning of the text, but also corrects the errors in the first two steps, so it is a process of in-depth review. After reading this step, it is easy to answer some comprehensive questions. It should be said that the three-step reading method of classical Chinese examination is a scientific and effective method summarized by many students in the college entrance examination, and students should master and use it during the review. This can save many detours.