Investigation report on environmental pollution of Pu 'er tea in its origin. Is it safe to drink Pu 'er tea? —— Investigation report on environmental pollution of Pu 'er tea production area. The use and influence of pesticides and fertilizers in Pu 'er tea planting process Pu 'er tea can be divided into wild Pu 'er tea, arbor Pu 'er tea and platform Pu 'er tea according to different tea trees. Wild Pu 'er tea is a naturally occurring tea, which does not need artificial domestication, fertilization and spraying pesticides. At present, the number of wild tea trees is very rare. Arbor Pu 'er tea and terraced Pu 'er tea are both planted artificially, but the difference between them is that terraced tea is that tea farmers restrict the growth of terraced tea trees by pruning constantly, so that they can germinate constantly, and pick them as soon as they germinate to make tea, while arbor Chaze is not limited by the height of tea trees. Terraced tea has a large area and a large output, but the price is low. This time, I really made a detailed investigation on the use of pesticides and fertilizers in Qiaomu Pu 'er tea and Taitai Pu 'er tea. After the investigation, through the analysis of the questionnaire, we can understand the situation of tea farmers using pesticides and fertilizers on tea trees. According to the types of tea trees planted, they can be divided into the following categories: 1, platform tea independently operated by tea farmers. Tea farmers in Mengduanla Township, Manmai Village, Mengsong Township, Menghai County, and the terrace tea planted by Manban Group in Mannao Village, Menghai Town belong to the tea gardens independently operated by tea farmers and do not belong to the base of any tea factory, so there are some defects in management. In these places, agricultural technicians are not enough to guide farmers to use pesticides and fertilizers. In addition, the amount of organic fertilizer (such as farm manure-livestock manure, etc.) should be increased. ) to maintain soil fertility will have a certain impact on the yield and quality of tea in these places. From previous years, tea garden pests and diseases mainly occurred in April-May, such as aphids, green leafhoppers, thrips and so on. According to the price of tea in previous years, it is necessary to apply pesticides in time to control these pests and diseases in order to maintain the high yield of platform tea like this. However, due to the poor price of tea this year, most tea farmers gave up the management of tea gardens and failed to pick fresh leaves in time, which reduced the germination rounds and tea output. This year, 82% of tea farmers did not apply pesticides and fertilizers to tea gardens in order to reduce the cost of tea planting and increase their economic income. Therefore, although the price of tea is very low, the probability of tea being polluted by chemical fertilizers and pesticides is very small, and the quality of tea is better than in previous years. Moreover, after the spring tea, the rainy season comes, and pests such as green leafhoppers basically disappear. At this time, there is no need for any pesticides, so there is generally no pollution caused by excessive pesticides and fertilizers. . 2. Intensive management of tea in Taiwan. The dominant varieties planted in Manpenlong Village, Man Zhen Village and He Man Village near Yunnan Tea Science Research Institute belong to the type of platform tea. Because these villages are close to Chakobi, technicians often give guidance, including what pesticides and fertilizers to use, how much to use, or how to properly control pests and diseases when there are few. When using pesticides, we should aim at high efficiency, less pollution and low cost, correctly select pesticides sensitive to target pests, insist on controlling the concentration and dosage of pesticides, control the frequency and reasonable rotation of pesticides, control the safe interval, and pay attention to the application method. Therefore, tea production is up to standard, and there will be no situation in which pesticides and fertilizers exceed the standard. 3. Qiaomu ancient tea tree. Ancient tea tree (Arbor Pu 'er tea) is the main tea variety planted in Laozhai bamboo forest group on the half slope of Nannuo Mountain in Menghai County, and the oldest one is over 800 years old. When drought and rainy season alternate, occasionally a small number of green leafhoppers appear. However, with the arrival of the rainy season, this pest has been greatly reduced, and the growth environment of ancient tea trees is very good. Tea trees grow in forests, and the number of pests and diseases is reduced by using biodiversity to control pests and diseases. Therefore, there is no need to use pesticides in the growth of ancient tea trees. Maintain stability through the adjustment of the ecosystem itself. In addition, ancient tea trees do not need fertilization, because tea trees grow in forests, and there are abundant litter on the ground, forming a sapropelic layer, and the soil organic matter content is high. Moreover, due to the high degree of shading, low soil water loss rate, strong tea buds and leaves, rich inclusions, not easy to aging. This year, the market price of tea is not good, and fewer ancient tea trees have been picked, which has played a role in resting, nourishing and protecting ancient tea tree resources. The ancient tea tree does not use pesticides and fertilizers, has no pollution and good quality, and is the first-class raw material for making Pu 'er tea. 4. Ecological tea gardens and organic tea gardens. In Menghai Township "Cloud Tea Garden", eight townships Xili Village and eight bases of Menghai Tea Factory, the main varieties are platform tea, most of which are ecological tea gardens and a few are organic tea gardens. It can be said that the variety quality (especially the organic tea garden) is very good. Pest control: the use of chemical pesticides and chemical herbicides should be eliminated as far as possible in ecological tea gardens, even if they are used, they should be within the scope of relevant state regulations. Organic tea gardens completely put an end to (prohibit) the use of chemical pesticides and chemical herbicides, and generally adopt agricultural and biological measures to control diseases, weeds and insects in tea gardens. For example, picking and pruning tea trees in time after leafhoppers are damaged at the turn of spring and summer can change the adaptive environmental conditions for the growth of pests and diseases and bring some branches and leaves of pests out of tea gardens. When the rainy season comes, this pest will be automatically reduced or eliminated; Timely weeding and tillage can reduce the harm caused by pests and diseases related to weeds and soil, and at the same time reduce the competition between weeds and tea trees for fertilizer, water and glory. Proper intercropping can increase the biodiversity of tea garden ecosystem and reduce the harm of pests and diseases; Reasonable fertilization improves the resistance and compensation ability of tea trees to pests and diseases. Weeds in ecological tea gardens are prohibited from using chemical herbicides, and physical and mechanical control and biological control are adopted. In the prevention and control, we should also consider the harmful and beneficial duality of weeds. Perennial or perennial shrubs harmful to tea trees, such as white grass, fern, anal plate, bamboo, etc. , should be completely removed, but it is not necessary to completely control ordinary weeds. Low-density weeds will not affect the growth of tea trees, but help to maintain water and soil. In terms of fertilization, it is forbidden to use any synthetic fertilizers and synergists in ecological tea gardens, and all kinds of organic fertilizers must be treated harmlessly according to the fertilization principle of ecological tea production. Gradually reach the standard of organic tea garden. The tea garden is picked and processed in time to make the tea grow normally. The standardized management of tea gardens here ensures the quality of Pu 'er tea. Industrial and domestic pollution of tea production in Menghai county. The growth of Pu 'er tea requires high environmental conditions. Only a good growing environment for tea trees can provide the necessary conditions for the production of high-quality Pu 'er tea. Through on-the-spot investigation in Menghai County, our team has a good understanding of the industrial pollution of tea growth in Menghai County, which is introduced in detail as follows. In the process of investigation and visit, I made a detailed and in-depth investigation on the environment around the tea garden, mainly including two aspects: First, the industrial pollution around the tea garden. The so-called tea garden industrial pollution mainly refers to whether there are industrial pollution production enterprises around the tea garden, whether the daily sewage generated by the factory is treated and discharged up to the standard, whether there is exhaust gas discharged from the factory production, whether the discharged gas will affect the growth and quality of Pu 'er tea, whether the factory discards the exhaust gas at will, if so, whether these exhaust gases will affect the growth of Pu 'er tea, and if so, how much adverse impact it will have on the production of Pu 'er tea. The second is the pollution of domestic garbage around the tea garden. This paper mainly investigates whether the surrounding environment of tea garden is polluted by human living garbage during the growth of tea trees in tea garden, and if so, whether it will adversely affect the growth and quality of tea. Through the discussion with the scientific and technical personnel of the Environmental Protection Bureau, the questionnaire survey of tea farmers and the on-the-spot investigation of the surrounding environment of tea gardens, it is found that the industrial production and people's daily life in Menghai County have not greatly affected and destroyed the growth environment of Pu 'er tea, and Pu 'er tea is growing well. Influence of industrial pollution: The governments of Yunnan Province, Xishuangbanna Prefecture and Menghai County pay special attention to the growing environment of Pu 'er tea, and have formulated various environmental protection policies and energy-saving and emission-reduction measures and actively implemented them. Three high-energy-consuming enterprises in Menghai County (Jingzhen Sugar Factory, Meng 'a Sugar Factory and Liming Agriculture, Industry and Commerce Company of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Xishuangbanna Mao Ying Sugar Co., Ltd.) were taken as the key monitoring and prosecution targets for energy conservation and emission reduction, and with the strong cooperation of enterprises, the responsibility book for energy conservation and emission reduction was signed. At the same time, the government has further controlled air pollution, strengthened the total emission control of major pollutants, and reduced sulfur dioxide emissions. Further control water pollution, strictly control the polluting enterprises that monitor excessive discharge, and make industrial wastewater discharge up to standard. Although small brick factories in rural areas can't be monitored all the time, government departments will check them irregularly to ensure the rationality and safety of industrial production. Menghai county has achieved good results in environmental governance through the strong investment of government work and the active cooperation of enterprises. Menghai county has excellent air quality, high vegetation coverage and good tea growing environment. Industrial pollution has not adversely affected the growth and quality of Pu 'er tea. Impact of domestic garbage: Tea trees in Menghai County are mainly planted by some ethnic minorities. Because Yunnan is mainly mountainous, all ethnic minorities live in mountainous areas and dam areas. Because almost all tea gardens are built on the mountain, and the living area of the village is under these slopes, domestic garbage often does not affect the growing environment of tea trees. Tea is the main economic source of tea people in Menghai county, where tea has been planted for thousands of years. Pu 'er tea is rich in cultural heritage. People love and cherish tea, and attach great importance to Pu 'er tea, especially the growth and protection of Pu 'er tea. The government attaches importance to and publicizes the growing environment of Pu 'er tea. The dust and gas produced by farmers' daily life have little pollution to the atmospheric environment. Because the local forest coverage rate is high, biodiversity is well preserved, and the environmental self-purification ability is very strong, Menghai County has sufficient rain, and the tea tree growth only uses natural precipitation, so there will be no water pollution. At the same time, sufficient precipitation also enhances the self-purification ability of the environment. In short, through the investigation and visit to Menghai County, the origin of Pu 'er tea, we have a deeper and more detailed understanding of the growth of tea trees in the origin of Pu 'er tea. Tea gardens are basically built on mountains above 800 ~ 2000m above sea level, and the natural environment around tea gardens is excellent, which is not polluted by local industrial production. Under the supervision of the government, industrial production in Menghai County has not caused serious pollution and damage to the environment, and industrial enterprises have achieved fruitful results in energy conservation and emission reduction, realizing the unity of economic, social and ecological benefits of enterprises. Tea farmers also pay special attention to the growing environment and tea quality of Pu 'er tea. People's life has not polluted the growing environment of Pu 'er tea.