Zizania, also known as Zizania bamboo shoots, wild rice shoots, high shoots. Water bamboo is rich in nutritional value and is known as "water ginseng", its texture is tender, taste sweet, is regarded as a vegetable in the best. At the same time rich in fiber wild rice is also known as intestinal cancer "free gold medal". So how is wild rice planted? Planting wild rice and need to pay attention to what matters? Please take your questions and I read down together!

The breeding method of wild rice (basic knowledge):

The best time to propagate:

Wild rice planting time for the middle and end of March when the climate is warming up, digging out the seedling duns, split with a sharp knife to divide the plants.

Best Growing Soil:

Zizania does not require high soil quality, but should not be cropped. Clay and clay loam soil with deep tillage and rich in organic matter is the best. Zizania plants are tall, long growing period, large fertilizer demand, need fertile soil, more basal fertilizer, subdivided fertilizer. Requirements for adequate nitrogen fertilizer and appropriate phosphorus and potassium fertilizer.

Growth and humidity requirements:

Zizania is an aquatic crop, generally throughout the growth period can not be cut off, but Zizania is a water crop, so the water layer can not be too deep. The water level should be adjusted according to the different fertility stages of wild rice. Water plays two roles in the growth of wild rice: one is to ensure that it needs to grow; the other is to improve the quality of wild rice meat through water management techniques.

Optimal growth temperature:

Zizania prefers temperature, does not tolerate cold and high temperature and drought. In 5 ℃ above the beginning of sprouting, the appropriate temperature is 10 ℃ ~ 20 ℃, tillering period appropriate temperature is 20 ℃ ~ 30 ℃. Water bamboo is suitable for the temperature of 15 ℃ ~ 25 ℃, below 10 ℃ or more than 30 ℃ can not pregnant water bamboo, 15 ℃ below the tiller stop, the ground growth is also gradually stagnant, 5 ℃ below the ground withered, into the dormant stage.

The best growth of light:

Zizania requires sufficient sunlight and air circulation. Because the wild rice plant is tall, the field is easy to be depressed, so the wild rice should be reasonably dense planting, good light conditions, late growth should be diligent in removing yellow leaves, old leaves, increase ventilation and light, and is conducive to the production of tillers.

Precautions for breeding wild rice:

Spreading fertilizer:

Wild rice is a fertilizer-loving crop, transplanted in the spring 7 to 10 days after the pursuit of seedling lifting fertilizer, 10 kg of urea or 15 kg of ammonium carbonate per mu of land. In the pre-tillering period, double-season wild rice in 20 to 25 days after transplanting tillering fertilizer, mu of urea 20 to 25 kg or 50 kg of ammonium carbonate, to promote tillering and growth. Most of the tillers of wild rice into the wild rice production period, after the application of a wild rice fertilizer, per mu of 45 ｛bf｝ three yuan compound fertilizer 20 to 25 kg, urea 10 kg, potassium chloride 7.5 kg or wild rice special fertilizer or formula fertilizer 30 to 40 kg.

The old wild rice field fertilizer should be early, generally divided into wax fertilizer, green fertilizer and pregnant wild rice fertilizer. Waxing fertilizer in mid- to late January, acres of rotting organic fertilizer such as pig manure, chicken manure, duck manure, etc. 1500 to 1000 kg or 2000 kg of human urine. Return to the green fertilizer in mid to late February, mu of three compound fertilizer 15 to 20 kg, urea 5 to 6 kg, potassium chloride 3 to 4 kg or wild rice special fertilizer or formula fertilizer 25 to 30 kg. The northern region is generally in the middle and late March to apply the greening fertilizer.

Watering points:

Irrigation transplanted into the survival of 3 to 5 cm of shallow water, to promote tillering. In the early tillering period, add water to a depth of 6 to 7 cm, and in the later period, deepen the water layer to 15 to 20 cm to control ineffective tillering and promote wild rice, and in the summer high temperature, take the day irrigation and night drainage to cool down and prevent disease, and promote the growth of fleshy stems. Maintain the water level of about 20 cm during the pregnancy of wild rice, do not let wild rice see the light, keep wild rice meat color white and tender. Autumn wild rice harvested 3 to 7 cm water depth, high temperature water level deep, low temperature water level shallow, above ground part of the dead dormant period to maintain 1 cm of shallow water.

Pruning essentials:

Dead leaves, pulling yellow leaves peeling dead leaves, pulling yellow leaves is to remove the withered old leaves. Pregnant wild rice plants are lush, in the high temperature season, wild rice field ventilation and poor light transmission, often affecting the formation of wild rice. late July ~ early August, the periphery of the plant should be peeled off the old yellow leaves pull down, pulling the peeled off the old leaves stepped into the field, can be used as fertilizer. The number of times the yellow leaves are stripped, generally carried out 2 to 3 times, every 10 days, can increase ventilation and light conditions, reduce the breeding of pests.

Cutting dead leaves after the fall wild rice harvest, the south in December or early February, the northern region can be appropriate in advance or delayed, the field of the residual old leaves to use the knife Qi mud cut, remove the moss tube above a part of the poor growth of tiller buds and dead leaves, retaining the soil growth of strong tiller buds. Cutting dead leaves has the principle of "three deep and three shallow", the late maturing species with strong tillers should be cut y, the early maturing species with weak tillers should be cut shallowly, the soil with good drainage and irrigation should be cut y, and the soil with perennial waterlogging should be cut shallowly, and the growth of the good, mossy tube, buds should be cut y, and vice versa, should be cut shallowly.

Reproduction points:

Zizania planting time for the middle and late March when the climate is warming up, digging out the seedling duns, split with a sharp knife to split the plants. According to each plant 3 to 5 sound tiller seedlings, each tiller seedling has 3 to 4 leaves required for the split, the split can not damage the tiller buds and new roots. The planting should be with the seedling, with the planting, with the planting. Take the size of the row spacing cultivation, small row spacing 60 ~ 70 cm, large row spacing 80 ~ 90 cm, plant spacing 50 ~ 60 cm, the depth of planting is generally to the old roots buried in the soil 10 cm, the old moss tube flush ground is appropriate. Too deep is not conducive to tillering, too shallow with the soil is not firm, easy to be blown by the wind, so that the seedlings floating, not conducive to survival.

Now generally planted once harvest 2 to 3 years, to get high yield, must be replanted every year.

Disease and pest control:

Common pests and diseases of wild rice are rust, blight, hoary leaf spot, stem borers, long green fly, leafhoppers and so on.

1, disease control

1) rust rust for wild rice is an important disease. When the onset of small yellow spots first appeared in the leaf blade, and then developed to the leaf sheath, when the seriousness of the whole leaf yellow dry death. Generally occurs in July to August when high temperature and dry.

Control methods: ① Reduce the source of bacteria. After picking wild rice, thoroughly clean up the remains of the disease and weeds in the field to reduce the source of bacteria in the field. ② Strengthen management. Reasonable water and fertilizer management, increase the application of phosphorus, potassium fertilizer, avoid partial application of nitrogen fertilizer. Appropriate deep irrigation during the high temperature season to reduce the water temperature and soil temperature to control the onset of the disease. ③ early onset of the timely spray control. Can choose 25 ｛bf｝ powder rust Ning (triazolone) emulsion 1500 times, 40 ｛bf｝ Fuxing emulsion 5000 ~ 8000 times, or 40 ｛bf｝ polysulfide suspension 400 times spray, pregnant water with powder rust Ning (triazolone) has an effect on it, should be avoided.

2) Humulus leaf spot disease summer and fall, the heavier, the spot occurs mainly in the leaves, the beginning of brown dots, and later expanded into an elliptical sesame-like spots, long-term continuous crop, the field is deficient in potassium and zinc, poor plant growth, easy to develop.

Control methods: ① Reduce the source of bacteria. Combined with the pre-winter cut stubble, thoroughly clean up the old residual leaves, centralized crushing compost, reduce the source of bacteria in the field. ② strengthen water and fertilizer management. Winter Shi wax fertilizer, spring Shi green fertilizer. Disease-prone areas pay attention to the increased application of phosphorus, potash and zinc fertilizer, timely and moderate drainage sun field, increase soil permeability. ③Pharmaceutical control at the beginning of the disease. You can use 20 ｛bf｝tricyclazole wettable powder 500 times, or 40 ｛bf｝Fukushima emulsion 5000 times, or 70 ｛bf｝methyltolbutrazine wettable powder 600 times, 7 ~ 15 days to prevent and control once, depending on the condition of the prevention and control of the 2 ~ 4 times.

3) Stripe blight The onset of the first, near the surface of the leaf sheaths produced oval, gray-green, watery spots, later expanded into a cloud-like, grayish-white middle, gray-green when wet. The spots expand from the bottom up, spreading to the leaf blade, the tip of the leaf so that the whole leaf withered. High temperature and rain, too much nitrogen fertilizer, waterlogged rotten fields, the lower small tillers are most seriously affected.

Control methods: ①Strengthen water and fertilizer management. The first thing you need to do is to make sure that you have a good understanding of what you are doing and what you can do to help. According to the water bamboo plant effective tiller and normal pregnancy water bamboo needs, keep the early shallow irrigation, mid sun, late keep shallow water wet water level management, avoid long-term deep irrigation. ② Ventilation and light. Combined with plowing management, timely removal of the lower part of the yellow leaves, increase field permeability. ③ early onset of timely spray control. You can use 65 ｛bf｝Methoprene wettable powder 600 times, or 40 ｛bf｝Bacteriophage wettable powder 500 times, or 5 ｛bf｝Ingonoxin 3000 ~ 4000 times spray, focusing on the control of leaf sheaths.

2, pest control

1) Large borers and two types of borer . The larvae eat wild rice seedlings and drill into the wild rice flesh, forming the heart of the dead seedlings and worm-eaten wild rice. The large stem borer 2 age into the stalk or turn plant damage. The first hatch of the borer ant borer is concentrated in the leaf sheaths on the inside of the damage, resulting in withered sheaths, the second age began to disperse into the stalks, the third age of the transfer of the damage.

Prevention methods: ① Clean the field. In addition to the water bamboo residue and ridge weeds, reduce the amount of overwintering insects and hatching place. The first thing you need to do is to get rid of all the bugs that have been in the water. Pull the yellow leaves, eliminate 2 generations of pupae. ③Pharmaceutical control. Available 15 ｛bf｝Ruijinte suspension agent 1000 ~ 1500 liquid or 25 ｛bf｝insecticide double water 300 ~ 500 times liquid or 90 ｛bf｝crystal trichlorfon 1000 times liquid spray. The borer in the ant borer season, the big borer in the ant borer hatching period to the second age before the transfer of medicine.

2) Long green louse adults and caterpillars sucking sap, so that wild rice leaves curled yellow, from the tip of the leaf down gradually scorched, serious when the whole plant withered, the plant is short. Adults have phototropism, strong migratory force, adults and wakame have grouping, mostly inhabited in the middle of the leaf near the vein.

Control methods: ① Clean the field. Eliminate weeds and stubble. ②Pharmaceutical control. Spray with 40｛bf｝Lego emulsion 1000 times, or 2.5｛bf｝high-performance pyrethrin 2000 times, or 25｛bf｝Pyrethrin 1500 times.

3)Leafhopper, also known as leaf hopper, adults and caterpillars inserted into the leaf blade or leaf sheath tissues to suck sap by mouth needles, adults feeding morning and evening pests, and the first hatching of the waking insects have a swarming nature.

Prevention and control methods: 1.8 ｛bf｝Avodin or 10 ｛bf｝Daqongshen 3000 liquid or 25 ｛bf｝Phylloxera 1500 times night spray can be.

Expanded know - wild rice nutritional value and health effects:

wild rice edible part of the fleshy stems white tender, delicious flavor, high nutritional value. It has been determined that every 100 grams of fresh wild rice contains 1.5 grams of protein, 0.1 grams of fat, 4 grams of sugar, 1.1 grams of crude fiber, calcium 4 mg, also contains vitamin C, vitamin B and other substances. But wild rice contains more oxalic acid, affecting the body's absorption of calcium.

Wild rice is sweet, slightly cold in nature, with the efficacy of removing heat, generating fluids, quenching thirst, diuretic, dehumidification, and fluids. The main treatment of summer dampness abdominal pain, chronic heat in the middle Jiao, thirst, two unfavorable stools, and wine poisoning, milk and other diseases.

Zizania is very suitable for high blood pressure, yellow bile hepatitis patients, postpartum breast milk lack of women, drinking too much alcohol, alcoholism patients. However, those who suffer from heart disease, impotence, spermatorrhea, spleen deficiency, gastric cold, kidney disease, diarrhea, urinary tract stones or oxalate crystals in the urine should not eat more.