extraction: the method of dissolving the essential oil with solvent, and then separating the solvent to obtain pure essential oils products. Because of the nature of essential oil, it can be divided into three methods:
1. General solvent extraction method: most essential oils use this method, with nonpolar solvents, such as petroleum ether and toluene.
2. resin extraction method: the essential oil with high boiling point is difficult to volatilize, so the general extraction method will waste heating energy, so this method is adopted, and resin is used as solvent.
3. carbon dioxide extraction method: this method must be used for essential oils sensitive to heating.
distillation: there are direct and indirect methods for dissolving essential oil by steam:
1. Direct steam distillation: the most common method for extracting essential oil, in which steam is directly blown from the bottom of distillation tower to directly contact with the extracted plants.
2. indirect steam distillation: the method of extracting plants and heating them with water to boiling.
other essential oils that need to be refined to be purer after refining, or whose color turns black, can be refined by
vacuum distillation. Steam is only used for heating and does not contact with essential oils.
question 2: how to extract flower essential oil? By water distillation, fresh or dried aromatic plant raw materials are put into a distiller, and the essential oil of the plant is evaporated by heating and sending steam. After the water vapor containing essential oil is collected and cooled through the conduit, the steam will be cooled into liquid, and then separated according to the difference of specific gravity and density between water and essential oil. Among the remaining water, some essential oils are more or less dissolved in it, which is the so-called flower water. Most essential oils are extracted in this way. Cold pressing method is mostly used in citrus plants, because the essential oil is mostly contained in the peel of these plants. The extraction method is to add water in the process of crushing the peel, collect the juice, and separate the essential oil by centrifuge. Solvent extraction method uses solvents such as alcohol, ether liquid butane, etc. to repeatedly drench the plants to be extracted, and then separates and analyzes the solvent containing essential oil, and distills it at low temperature to obtain essential oil. This is the latest extraction method and can be used to replace the oil extraction method. Liposuction: an ancient extraction method, as long as it is used for some precious flowers, such as jasmine, which are easily damaged when heated. Simply put, the petals are placed on solid oil, and then the oil full of fragrance is dissolved in alcohol and heated at low temperature to volatilize the alcohol, leaving the essential oil. Because of time-consuming and laborious, this method is rarely used now. Oil soaking method: the oldest extraction method, the most commonly used method before the invention of distillation method, is to soak the plant parts containing essential oil in vegetable oil until the vegetable oil contains enough essential oil components, and then filter out the plant residues. Strictly speaking, this kind of soaking is not essential oil, but vegetable oil with essential oil components and certain curative effect. Similarly, there is tincture absorption method
Question 3: How is essential oil extracted, how is it so expensive, and what are its benefits? Pure essential oil is very expensive, which can be said to be a luxury, because the output of essential oil is very small, and only a little essential oil can be extracted from many raw materials
Simply put, essential oil is extracted from different parts of a plant (roots, stems, leaves, flowers, peels, etc.).
Different essential oils have different strong smells and colors. Essential oils are equivalent to the life, soul and blood of plants.
The benefits of essential oil are many, and it feels like practicing yoga. You will know it by yourself.
The essential oil of the Australian brand ja *** in (Jane Shimei), which has passed the most stringent standards in the world, is the best essential oil I have ever used. If you are interested, you can use their essential oil, but I feel it is not pure enough when using other brands.
Question 4: How did it go back to ancient times? 1. distillation:
distillation is one of the earliest methods to extract aromatic essential oil from the plant world. With the evolution of different ages, distillation instruments have been significantly improved. This refining method is very convenient, that is, boiling the raw materials with water, or refining them by steam. Nowadays, distillation has become the most widely used method to extract essential oil.
put fresh or dried plant materials into a steam heating furnace, heat them from below and send in steam, so as to evaporate the essential oil in the plant and make it into a steam state containing the essential oil. After being collected and cooled through the conduit of the freezer, the steam will condense into a liquid state due to cooling, and then the essential oil will be separated according to the difference in specific gravity and density between water and the essential oil, and the remaining liquid will be collected by the collector. In these liquids, some essential oil components are more or less dissolved in them, which is called pure dew.
Geranium, Lavender, Carrot seed, Chamomile, Eucalyptus, etc. in aromatic essential oils are all extracted by this method.
2. fragrance absorption method:
fragrance absorption method is the oldest method for extracting aromatic essential oil in Grasse, southern France, and it is also the most expensive extraction method because it takes a lot of manpower and time.
its principle is to extract aromatic essential oil by using the physical properties of oil that can adsorb oil agents. The selected fat should be specially treated to prevent deterioration and odor. The fragrance absorption method uses cold fat, and the commonly used fat is composed of lard and butter.
the method is: add a glass basin on the bottom of the wooden frame, and coat a layer of lukewarm fat on the bottom of the basin, but around the glass basin, you need to leave one side of the edge without grease (this will make the saturated oil that absorbs the aromatic essence have extra room for expansion), and then spread a layer of fresh petals just picked on the greased place. Coat the bottom of several glass basins with grease and put petals on them, and then stack the glass basins layer by layer like tiles, so that the petals are located between the upper and lower layers of glass with grease, and the essence of their petals is absorbed by the grease. Let the petals stay in the grease layer for about 16-72 hours (the time depends on different flower species, which can usually be changed every day), and then replace another batch of petals. Repeat this step until the grease layer is completely saturated-when the grease layer expands to the periphery of the glass, it means saturation.
The whole process usually takes three months. Finally, it is treated with alcohol and stirred by machine. After the alcohol evaporates, the aromatic essential oil remains.
Jasmine (Ja *** ine), Rose, Neroil, etc. in aromatic essential oil are extracted by this method.
3. maceration:
maceration is usually used to extract aromatic essential oils from resins, gums and petals. This extraction method is similar to the fragrance absorption method, but it uses liquid oil instead of paste oil in the fragrance absorption method, and it is also time-saving than the fragrance absorption method.
first, put petals or resin into a container that has already filled with liquid oil, and heat the container to raise the oil temperature to 6℃ to 7℃, and keep this temperature. When petals or resins are immersed in this liquid oil, plant cells and tissues will slowly function-split after being heated, and the essential oil in plants will be decomposed, and these aromatic essence components will be absorbed by the liquid oil. Because of the different specific gravity, the saturated grease solution can be extracted by filtration after cooling.
Frankincense, Myrrh and Sandalwood in aromatic essential oil are extracted by this method.
4. expression:
this method is mostly used to extract citrus aromatic essential oil, and it is the most traditional and economical family production method to preserve citrus essence. Because the essential oil is mostly contained in these peels, the peels should be chopped and crushed first, so that the juice in the peels can be squeezed out and infiltrated into the sponge, and then squeezed to make the juice flow out and then collected.
Squeezing method is a traditional technology of general household production in the past. In recent years, it has been squeezed by machine instead of hand: put the fruit into a container with long nails on the inner wall, roll the whole container, and the fruit will be pierced by the nails around, so that the juice will flow into another collection container and the essential oil will be separated by centrifuge. This method is faster, time-saving and sanitary than the traditional method of squeezing juice out by hand.
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question 5: extraction method of plant essential oil 1) collection of raw materials
for most plants, harvesting undamaged leaves or twigs without dew at 9-11 am before flowering has the highest efficacy. The earlier the raw materials used to extract essential oils are collected, the better. For example, the operation of picking roses must be carried out before the sun comes out in the morning. And the harvesting place must be very close to the refinery, and workers can send it directly as soon as they harvest it, and the shorter the refining time, the better. The raw materials used to extract essential oil are collected in different ways according to the structure of vegetable oil glands.
1. Maintenance of flowers without fragrance
Jasmine, Jasmine grandiflora and tuberose are the mature buds that are about to open. It doesn't smell fragrant before it opens. Only through continuous respiration and metabolism, after a certain period of time, the bud opens and smells fragrant. In the above-mentioned actions and processes, the flower buds will continuously release a certain amount of heat. In the process of transportation and storage, if it is not properly maintained, the flower buds will ferment and deteriorate due to excessive heating. Generally, during transportation, the flower buds are loosely packed with bamboo reeds, and sometimes a bamboo ventilation tube is set in the middle of the reeds. During storage, the flower buds are maintained in thin layers, and the thickness of the flower layer is not higher than 5cm.
The full opening and fragrance of flower buds are related to the following conditions:
(1) The air on or around the flower layer should be properly circulated.
(2) The flower bank for storing flower buds should have a suitable room temperature, generally 28 ~ 32℃.
(3) A suitable relative humidity should be maintained in the flower bank, generally 8-9%. In order to make the mature buds open evenly and uniformly, we should ask at regular intervals and gently turn the flower layer up and down. Jasmine buds with large flowers should be sprayed with mist in dry and hot July and August to make them bloom better and have stronger fragrance.
2. Maintenance of the already-opened flowers
Prynne, Cymbidium, Gardenia, Rose, Ginger, etc. are the flowers that just opened on the day of collection. These open flowers have fresh and rich fragrance, but they are still undergoing metabolism and releasing heat. Therefore, once they are collected, they should be sent to the factory loosely with bamboo rafts to maintain the fragrance quality and reduce the fragrance loss. If it is too late for processing, it must also be placed in thin layers for maintenance, so that flowers will not deteriorate due to heat fermentation.
3. Preservation of fresh leaves
Generally, fresh leaves should not be processed immediately after collection, but should be placed in thin layers for a certain period of time, sometimes until they are semi-dry, and then processed, and the oil yield is often higher than that of fresh leaves, such as white leaves, magnolia leaves, zebina leaves, orange leaves, mint leaves, etc., after being placed for a certain period of time (several days). However, in the process of transportation and storage, fresh leaves, like flowers, should also be prevented from heating and fermentation, otherwise it will affect the oil yield and quality. After fresh leaves are placed in a thin layer for a certain period of time, a part of water on the surface of leaves is evenly lost, but it is not very dry, and the cell pores on the surface of leaves are enlarged, which is beneficial to the diffusion of essential oil and improves the oil yield.
delicate fresh leaves, such as geranium, need not be placed, and should be processed immediately after collection. Even if these leaves are stacked for an hour, their fragrance will change greatly. Fresh leaves preserved for a long time are often dried in the shade or dried in the sun after collection, such as the leaves of fragrant perilla, but in the drying process, some essential oils will be lost, especially the drying method, so it is appropriate to dry them in the shade with thin layers.
4. Collection and preservation of resin
Take the collection of frankincense as an example. People began to collect frankincense resin at the beginning of August. They cut several holes in the tree with a machete without hurting twigs. On the day after cutting, people will see some nutritious sap dripping out, and these drops gradually condense into frankincense resin. When these mastics harden, they will fall to the ground, which is why the trees are so clean. The peak season for mastic collection is in mid-August, when the weather is sunny and dry.
(II) Distillation method of plant essential oil
According to records, most essential oils were made by solvent extraction in Egypt in the past. However, according to the textual research of the newly unearthed distillation pot, the Egyptians living in Mesopotamia had already used distillation technology to extract essential oil as early as 3,5 BC. However, we should attribute the invention of distillation technology to the alchemist (also a physician), who lived between 98 and 137 AD, because he was the first person to master all distillation technologies, and his technology was so perfect that it remained unchanged for hundreds of years. Its distillation principle is to first convert volatile liquid (essential oil) into gas, and then cool the gas into liquid. This is the most common and effective method we use to produce essential oil today.
Distillation technology also has some shortcomings. When extracting some materials that are easy to change when heated, or when some oils are difficult to extract by this technology, it is powerless ...... >; >
Question 6: How is the essential oil made? 1. The source of essential oil is extracted from various plants, and each plant has different parts that can be extracted to make the essential oil: leaves of eucalyptus, flowers of roses, flowers and leaves of sage, and bergamot is the peel. After professional instruments and experiments, depending on its effective parts, it is extracted by professional technology and machinery. You may think that the essential oil on the market can charge a certain price for a small bottle, which is really a valuable and hard-won relationship. One kilogram of rose essential oil needs 6, kilograms of rose petals, and at least 8,, jasmine flowers are needed to make one kilogram of jasmine essential oil. Since the source and price of essential oil are so precious, when you use it, don't just use it in excess of the dosage in order to get quick and strong curative effect. Just right can get the most tangible effect. 2. There are several ways to make essential oils, among which distillation, solvent, liposuction and extraction are the most commonly used. Distillation distillation is the earliest and most common method to make essential oil among all the methods to make essential oil. This manufacturing method is as follows: firstly, the various parts of plants that are determined to be used for manufacturing the warp, such as the fruit of black pepper, the peel of lemon, or the flower of mint, are properly collected, cleaned, slightly dried, and then put into the container of the distiller.