Chickenpox is a highly contagious viral infectious disease, which is easy to spread in autumn and winter, especially in humid environment, which will accelerate the spread of the disease. Therefore, attention should be paid to prevent the disease in advance in rainy autumn.
The transmission route of fowlpox virus is mainly through the wound of skin or mucosa to invade the body; In some cases, a broken beak may also be the cause of chickenpox. Some blood-sucking insects, especially mosquitoes, can carry viruses, which is an important vector for the epidemic of chickenpox in autumn. The duration of mosquito infection can last 10 ~ 30 days.
The incubation period of chickenpox is about 4- 10 days. According to symptoms and pathological changes, it can be divided into skin type and diphtheria type. Generally, skin type occurs in autumn, and diphtheria type is more common in winter.
Cutaneous varicella lesions occur in hairless and hairless parts, such as cockscomb, drooping, face, nostrils and eyes, forming verrucous acne. At first, a small gray-white nodule appeared on the skin of the sick chicken, which grew rapidly and was yellow, and fused with the adjacent nodules to form a dry, rough and brown scab, protruding from the skin surface. If the knot is peeled off, the bleeding focus will be exposed on the skin. The number of scabs varies, and it can cover the hairless part of the whole chicken head when it is more. The scab can exist for 3-4 weeks, and then it will gradually fall off, leaving a smooth gray scar. Cutaneous chickenpox generally has no systemic symptoms, but in severe chickens (especially young chickens), listlessness, loss of appetite and even death can be seen. If acne grows on eyes, eyes will shed tears, be afraid of light, eyelid adhesion, and even blindness.
Diphtheria varicella lesions occur in oral cavity, throat and tracheal mucosa. First, a small yellow-white nodule is formed on the mucosa, and then the nodules rapidly expand and fuse with each other, forming a yellow-white cheese-like pseudomembrane covering the mucosal surface, so it is called chicken diphtheria. If this false membrane is torn off, a red bleeding ulcer will be exposed below. Sick chickens have trouble breathing and swallowing, and often breathe with their mouths open. Because of the difficulty in feeding, the weight drops rapidly, leading to systemic dysplasia, and some chickens will suffocate and die because of breathing difficulties.
The diagnosis of chickenpox is relatively simple, and a definite diagnosis can be made according to the scab-like lesions in hairless parts such as the crown and whiskers of sick chickens and the diphtheria-like pseudomembrane in the mouth and throat.
Prevention:
The best way to prevent chickenpox is vaccination. At present, varicella vaccine is safe and effective, suitable for chicks and chickens of different ages. When in use, the vaccine is diluted 50 times, dipped with a clean pen tip or a large sewing needle, and inoculated under the skin of the inner wing of the chicken, each chicken thorn 1 time. When chickens are vaccinated with Newcastle disease II or IV vaccine, they can also be vaccinated with fowlpox vaccine.
Usually, swollen acne rash appears at the inoculation site on the fourth day after inoculation, and acne spots form on the ninth day, otherwise the immunization fails and re-inoculation is needed. Generally, vaccination once at the age of 25 days and once at the age of 80 days can achieve good preventive effect.
Pierce the seeds with the wing membrane of the fowlpox vaccine. In the vaccination work, we should pay attention to the following points:
① Healthy chickens must be vaccinated;
② Immunize all chickens on the same day, and if it is used for emergency vaccination, it should start from the chickens farthest from the sick chickens until the sick chickens; ③ The vaccine should be fully shaken and used up at one time;
(4) Chickens immunized in autumn or summer and autumn should be advanced to 15 days, and can be postponed to 30-40 days in other seasons;
⑤ Immunization should be staggered with beak breakage for more than 3 days, otherwise it is easy to induce the disease;
⑥ After work, hands should be disinfected and residual liquid should be treated (burned or boiled).
Treatment:
A large number of chickens were mixed with moroxydine for 3 ~ 5 days according to the amount of one thousandth. In order to prevent secondary infection, 0.2% oxytetracycline should be added to the feed, and the curative effect is better with traditional Chinese medicine Jidu powder. Formula: 90g of Gentiana scabra, 60g of Radix Isatidis, 50g of Cimicifuga, 80g of Flos Chrysanthemi Indici and 20g of Radix Glycyrrhizae. The above traditional Chinese medicines are processed into powder, and 2g chickens are raised every day. The materials are evenly mixed and taken in the morning and afternoon, which usually takes 3-5 days to recover.
For chickens with serious illness, the acne scab can be peeled off with tweezers, and the wound can be smeared with iodine tincture or purple liquid; Diphtheria can be peeled off with tweezers, and then sprinkled with a little "throat disease powder" or "Liushen pill" 1 powder once a day for 3 days.
Chickens with acne spots on their eyelids, which cause eyelid adhesion and tears in their eyes, can be treated by injection alone. Usage: penicillin (400,000 units), streptomycin (654.38+ 10,000 units), ribavirin and dexamethasone. After mixing, 65,438+00 rats were injected into muscle, and 5-7 rats were over 40 days old. Generally, it can be cured by continuous injection for 3-5 times.