1, operating temperature. Inverter is a high-power electronic component, which is easily affected by working temperature. Generally, the product is required to be 0 ~ 55℃, but in order to ensure safe and reliable operation, it should be considered to leave room when using, and it is best to control it below 40℃. In the control box, the frequency converter should generally be installed at the upper part of the box, and the installation requirements in the product manual should be strictly observed. It is absolutely not allowed to install heating elements or easily heating elements near the bottom of the frequency converter.
2. Ambient temperature. When the temperature is too high and the temperature changes greatly, condensation will easily occur in the inverter, which will greatly reduce its insulation efficiency and may even cause short circuit accidents. When necessary, desiccant and heater must be added in the box.
3), corrosive gas. If the concentration of corrosive gas is high, it will not only corrode component leads, printed circuit boards, etc. It will also accelerate the aging of plastic devices and reduce the insulation efficiency. In this case, the control box should be made into a closed structure and ventilated.
4. Vibration and shock. When the control cabinet equipped with frequency converter is subjected to mechanical vibration and impact, it will cause poor electrical contact. At this time, in addition to improving the mechanical strength of the control cabinet and keeping away from vibration sources and impact sources, anti-seismic rubber pads should also be used to fix the electromagnetic switches and other components that generate vibration outside and inside the control cabinet. After the equipment has been running for a period of time, it should be inspected and maintained.
5. The frequency converter shall be installed in the control cabinet.
6, the inverter is best installed in the middle of the control cabinet; The frequency converter should be installed vertically, and large parts that may hinder exhaust and air intake should be avoided directly above and below it.
7. The minimum distance between the upper and lower edges of the frequency converter and the top and bottom of the control cabinet, or partitions, or large components that must be installed should be greater than 300 mm.
8. If a special user needs to disassemble the keyboard in use, the keyboard hole of the inverter panel must be strictly sealed with tape or replaced with a fake panel to prevent dust from entering the inverter in large quantities.
9. When the inverter is used in dusty places, especially in places with polymetallic dust and flocs, the overall requirement is that the control cabinet should be sealed, and the air inlet and air outlet should be specially designed for ventilation; The top of the control cabinet should have a protective net and a protective top cover air outlet; At the bottom of the control cabinet, there should be a bottom plate, an air inlet and a wire inlet hole, and a dustproof net should be installed.
10, the printed boards and metal structural parts of most inverter manufacturers have not been specially treated for moisture and mildew. If the inverter is in a harsh working environment for a long time, the metal structure is prone to corrosion. When the conductive copper bus is operated at high temperature, the corrosion process will be intensified, and the corrosion will damage the tiny copper wires on the microcomputer control board and the driving power board. Therefore, for the occasions where it is used in humid and corrosive gases, there must be basic requirements for the internal design of the inverter, such as the three-proof painting treatment of printed circuit boards and the nickel-chromium electroplating treatment of structural parts. In addition, other positive, effective and reasonable measures are needed to prevent moisture and corrosive gases.
Daily maintenance:
1, cooling fan
The power module of frequency converter is the most serious heating device, and the heat generated by its continuous operation must be discharged in time. The life of a fan is about 20kh~40kh. According to the continuous implementation of frequency converter, the fan should be replaced every 3 ~ 5 years to avoid failure due to poor heat dissipation.
2. Filter capacitor
Intermediate circuit filter capacitor: also known as electrolytic capacitor, its function is to filter out the rectified voltage ripple, and at the same time decouple the rectifier and inverter to eliminate mutual interference. It also provides the necessary reactive power for the motor, and bears a large pulse current, so its service life is short. Because it needs to store energy when working, it must be electrified for a long time. The heat generated by its continuous operation and the heat generated by the inverter itself will accelerate the drying of its electrolyte and directly affect its capacity. Under normal circumstances, the service life of the capacitor is 5 years. It is recommended to check the capacitance regularly once a year. Generally, the capacitance will be replaced if it is reduced by more than 20%.
3, the use of preservatives
Due to the production characteristics of some companies, the concentration of corrosive gas in each electrical M room is too high, which leads to corrosion damage of many electrical equipment (including frequency converters). In order to solve the above problems, air conditioning system can be installed to improve the environmental conditions with positive pressure fresh air. In order to reduce the corrosion of components on the circuit board by corrosive gases, the inverter manufacturers can also be required to carry out anti-corrosion treatment on the circuit board and spray preservatives after maintenance, which effectively reduces the failure rate of the inverter and improves the use efficiency.
At the same time of maintenance, carefully check the frequency converter, send power regularly, and work with the motor at the low frequency of 2hz for about 10 minutes to ensure the normal operation of the frequency converter.
come from
：
injection moulding
Fortune network
:0086k。
How to use and maintain frequency converter correctly
First, attention should be paid to the correct use of frequency converter.
1, the ambient temperature has a great influence on the service life of the inverter. Ambient temperature per liter
10
Temperature, inverter life.
Half, so we must solve the problem of ambient temperature and inverter heat dissipation.
2. Correct wiring and parameter setting. Before installing the inverter, be sure to read its manual and master its usage.
pay attention to
Matters and wiring; After installation, set the parameters correctly according to the purpose.
3、
Pay attention to the relationship between speed and lift.
The selection of motor and its optimal working section are more important issues.
Intermediate frequency conversion
It has been implemented for a long time in ...
5HZ
Next, motor heating has become a prominent problem.
4、V/
f
Control belongs to constant torque regulation. Vector control makes the output torque of the motor proportional to the square of the voltage.
Increase, so as to improve the output torque of the motor at low speed.
5、
If the system is realized by switching between power frequency and frequency conversion,
Interlocking between power frequency output and frequency conversion output should be reliable.
open
Stop the pump,
Stop the frequency converter when switching between power frequency and frequency conversion.
Then operate the contactor.
Due to contact adhesion and arc of large-capacity contactor
It takes a certain time to extinguish, and the order and time of the above switching should be considered comprehensively.
6. External control signal failure. Generally, there are several situations: incorrect signal mode, wrong terminal wiring and parameters.
The digital setting is incorrect or there is something wrong with the external signal itself.
seven
、
The difference between overcurrent tripping and overload tripping.
Over-current is mainly used to protect the frequency converter,
Overload is mainly used for protection.
Motor. Because the capacity of the inverter sometimes needs to be increased by one or two gears compared with the motor, this kind of
Electric chassis
When the machine is overloaded,
The inverter may not have overcurrent.
Overload protection is performed by the electronic thermal protection function inside the frequency converter.
Preset electric quantity
Subthermal protection should be preset accurately.
"
Current draw ratio
"
I.e. motor rating
The ratio of current to rated current of frequency converter is 100%
Scores.
eight
, interference problem.
(1) Good grounding.
The grounding wire of high voltage control system such as motor must be reliably grounded through the connecting bus.
Most control systems
Independent grounding is good, and the grounding resistance is less than 1.
Ω
. The sensor and I/O interface shielding layer are connected with the control ground of the control system.
⑵ Increase the input power of instruments.
Electro-magnetic interference (electro-magnetic interference) Electrical Music Industry)? EMI (Electrical and Musical Industries. Ltd.)
Filter, * * * mode inductor, high frequency magnetic ring, etc.
(3) Add to the inverter input.
Electro-magnetic interference (electro-magnetic interference) Electrical Music Industry)? EMI (Electrical and Musical Industries. Ltd.)
Filter,
The conduction interference of the frequency converter to the power grid can be effectively suppressed,
Additional input
AC and DC reactors can improve power factor and reduce harmonic pollution, with good comprehensive effect. some
Motor and frequency converter
The distance between them exceeds
100 m
On occasion, it is necessary to add an AC output reactor on the inverter side to solve the problem of grounding the output conductor.
The decrease of leakage current protection caused by distributed parameters will cause external radiation interference.
Second, the fault and treatment of frequency converter in use.
1
Frequency converter fails to reach the normal working frequency (
40HZ
)
. a
Samko i.
Frequency converter, through the external end
Analog control, once the frequency can only be reached.
20HZ
Check each parameter in turn,
The highest frequency and the highest frequency are both
50 Hz
,
It can be seen that there is no problem with the argument.
Immediately change to the frequency given by the panel,
Then the highest frequency can be performed.
50 Hz
.
From this perspective,
The problem lies in the analog input circuit or the inverter itself.
On the original device, the thermal resistance is checked by multimeter, and the linearity is very good.
There is a problem. Finally, the inverter was turned on for inspection, and it was found that a patch capacitor was damaged. After replacement, the frequency converter returned to normal.
2
Frequency converter frequent overcurrent alarm
(1) parameter setting is incorrect.
If the acceleration time of the frequency converter is set too short,
The output frequency of the inverter varies greatly.
Exceeding the change of motor frequency,
When that frequency convert is started,
Trip due to overcurrent.
Adjust the acceleration according to different load conditions.
Time can eliminate this fault.
⑵ Output load is short-circuited,
If Fuji inverter starts, it will trip.
Check the rust on the cable head of the output contactor.
Corrosion, looseness, arc during start-up, leading to protective action.
⑶ Switching alarm will be displayed when circuit damage is detected.
Wherein the Hall sensor is influenced by temperature,
The influence of environmental factors such as humidity,
Working point drift.
(4) Excessive load may also cause. Like Siemens
M420
Frequency converter, due to mechanical interference.
three
, a Siemens.
6SE7036
The inverter trips after starting for a period of time. show
" F023 "
(The inverter exceeds the limit temperature.
Degree)
Check that the fan safety is broken and the temperature is too high, so replace the safety.
four
、
Siemens
6SE7036
frequency changer/inverter
Power management unit
The panel LCD screen displays letters.
" E "
,
The frequency converter is not normal.
Work, news
P
Keyboard and restart power transmission are invalid, and there is no relevant explanation in the operation manual. Checking external connections.
24 VDC
Power?Supply?
, found that the voltage is low, after replacing the power supply, the inverter returned to normal.
five
Inverter under-voltage and over-voltage alarm, which is caused by the main power supply; It is also caused by the damage of the machine detection circuit.
(1) such as
6SE7036
Frequency converter/inverter
F008
Fault (
Ud< department
)
,
Because the power supply tripped and lost power, press after restoring power supply.
P
healthy
Just reset.
(2) a set.
Samko i.
Overvoltage trip when frequency converter stops. The frequency converter has many setting parameters. If individual parameters are set,
Improper placement will cause the inverter to fail to work normally. Overvoltage occurred during shutdown, mainly due to reduction.
Speed time is too short (if
Without brake resistor and brake unit)
The motor speed is greater than the synchronous speed,
The electromotive force and current of that rotor increase,
Let the motor generate electricity.
In the state, the feedback energy is connected in parallel with the high-power switch tube through the variable link.
The pole tube flows back to the DC link, making the DC bus
When the voltage rises and the time parameters are adjusted, the fault is eliminated.
six
, a Siemens.
MM3
Frequency converter, usually
"
For no reason
"
Close. Restarting the machine can
After comparison, the energy is normal again.
Observe,
It was found that the main contactor did not attract normally after power-on,
Sometimes there is no electricity and it jumps around.
It turned out to be the switching power supply of contactor.
The leakage of a filter capacitor leads to low voltage, so if
High power supply voltage is not a big problem. If power is supplied,
If the voltage is too low, the contact will be abnormal, resulting in unreasonable shutdown.
Daily maintenance of frequency converter:
I. Matters needing attention
Operators must be familiar with the basic working principle and functional characteristics of frequency converter and have basic knowledge of electrician operation. Before checking and repairing the frequency converter, the total power supply of the equipment must be completely cut off; And wait until the Chang light of the inverter is completely extinguished.
Two. Daily inspection items
Before the inverter is powered on, check the temperature and humidity of the surrounding environment. If the temperature is too high, it will lead to the alarm of inverter overheating, which will directly lead to the damage and short circuit of inverter power devices. Too wet air will lead to a direct short circuit inside the inverter. Pay attention to whether the cooling system of the inverter is normal, such as whether the air duct is smooth and whether the fan has abnormal sound. Generally, inverters with higher protection level, such as IP20 and above, can be directly installed in the surface mount, while those with IP20 and below should be installed in the cabinet. Therefore, how the cooling effect of the inverter cabinet will directly affect the normal operation of the inverter, whether the exhaust system of the inverter is unobstructed, and whether the air inlet is dusty and blocked are all places that cannot be ignored in our daily inspection. Whether the motor reactor and transformer are overheated and have peculiar smell; Whether the inverter and motor have abnormal noise; The current on the inverter panel shows whether it is too large or the current changes too much, and whether the output UVW three-phase voltage and current are balanced.
Three. routine maintenance
Clean the air filter cooling pipe and internal dust. Check whether screws, bolts and plug-ins are loose, and whether the interphase resistance of input and output reactors is short-circuited to the ground, which should be above tens of megohms normally. Whether conductors and insulators are corroded, and if so, clean them with alcohol in time. If possible, measure the stationarity of each output voltage of switching power supply with oscilloscope, such as 5V, 12V, 15V, 24V, etc. Measure whether the square wave of each waveform of the driving circuit is distorted. Whether the UVW interphase waveform is sine wave. Whether there are fire marks on the contactor contact, and if it is serious, a new product of the same model or larger than the original capacity should be replaced; Confirm the correctness of the control voltage, and conduct the sequence protection action test; Confirm that the protection display circuit is normal; Confirm the balance of output voltage when the inverter is running alone.
It is recommended to check regularly once a year.
Four. Replacement of spare parts
Frequency converter is composed of various components, some of which will gradually decrease and age after long-term work, which is also the main reason for the failure of frequency converter. In order to ensure the long-term normal operation of the equipment, the following components should be replaced regularly:
1. cooling fan
The power module of frequency converter is the most serious heating device, and the heat generated by its continuous operation must be discharged in time. The life of a fan is about10kh-40kh-40kh. According to the continuous implementation of the frequency converter, the fan should be replaced every 2-3 years. Direct cooling fans can be divided into two rows and three rows. One line of the second-line fan is positive and the other line is negative. Don't connect it wrong when replacing it. In addition to the positive and negative poles, the three-wire fan also has a detection line, so be sure to pay attention when replacing it, otherwise it will cause the inverter to overheat and alarm. AC fans are generally divided into 220V and 380V V. Don't make a mistake about the voltage level when replacing them.
2. Filter capacitor:
Intermediate circuit filter capacitor: also known as electrolytic capacitor, its main function is to smooth DC voltage and absorb DC low-frequency harmonics. The heat generated by its continuous operation and the heat generated by the inverter itself will accelerate the drying of its electrolyte and directly affect its capacity. Under normal circumstances, the service life of the capacitor is 5 years. It is recommended to check the capacitance regularly once a year. Generally, the capacitance will be replaced if it is reduced by more than 20%.
How to use and maintain the inkjet printer correctly and switch it according to the instructions.
Don't fiddle with the machine out of curiosity,
Don't knock against the nozzle, be waterproof, and pay attention to cleaning with solvent.
Simple maintenance.
According to the environment you use, change the filter, usually around 1 year.
Liaocheng passepartout inkjet printer co., ltd. sincerely serves you!
0635-8685020
How to use and maintain the engine correctly;
1, grinding: that is, running in.
This is the basis for prolonging the service life. Whether it is a new car or an engine after overhaul, it must be run-in according to regulations before it can be put into normal operation.
2, clean: that is, clean oil, clean water, clean gas, clean body.
Diesel and gasoline are the main fuels of the engine. If diesel oil and gasoline are impure, it will make the precision mating body wear, increase the mating gap, cause oil leakage and dripping, reduce the oil supply pressure, widen the gap, and even cause serious faults such as oil circuit blockage and shaft burning. If the air contains a lot of dust, it will accelerate the wear of cylinder liner, piston and piston ring. If the cooling water is impure, the cooling system will be blocked by scale, which will hinder the heat dissipation of the engine, the lubrication condition is poor and the engine block will be seriously worn. If the appearance of the machine body is not clean, the surface will be corroded and the service life will be shortened.
3. Foot: oil foot, water foot and gas foot.
If the supply of diesel, gasoline and air is not timely or interrupted, there will be difficulties in starting, poor combustion, power decline and engine failure. If the oil supply is insufficient or interrupted, the engine will be poorly lubricated, the engine body will be seriously worn, and even tile burning will occur. Insufficient cooling water, too high machine temperature, reduced power, increased wear and tear, and reduced service life.
4, inspection: that is, often check the fastening parts.
During the use of diesel engines and gasoline engines, bolts and nuts are easy to loosen due to the influence of vibration and uneven load. In addition, it is necessary to check the adjusting bolts in various parts to avoid accidents that damage the car body due to looseness.
5. Adjustment: that is, the valve clearance, valve timing, fuel supply advance angle, fuel injection pressure and ignition timing of diesel engine or gasoline engine should be checked and adjusted in time to ensure that the engine is always in good technical condition, so as to save fuel and prolong service life.
6. Use: Use the engine correctly.
Before driving, lubricating parts such as bearing bush should be lubricated. After starting, wait until the water temperature reaches 40℃-50℃ before putting into operation. Long-term overload or low-speed operation is strictly prohibited. Before stopping the machine, unload the load to reduce the speed. Always do a good job of engine maintenance at ordinary times to keep the machine in good working condition. Always observe and check, and eliminate faults in time when found.
Daily maintenance steps of diesel generator:
1, regularly check and replace the diesel filter and oil filter;
2. Clean and check the air inlet filter regularly and replace it regularly (or replace it according to the working conditions on site and the air permeability of the air inlet filter);
3. Check and clean the battery terminals regularly to keep them clean;
4. Regularly check the charging state of the battery pack to ensure good charging effect;
5. Regularly check the condition of the fan belt to ensure no damage and normal tightness;
6. Regularly check the state of coolant to ensure that it meets the requirements;
7. Check or replace the diesel engine oil regularly to ensure the normal oil level;
8, winter cold season to ensure the normal work of the unit preheating device, so that you need to start the generator can start normally;
9. Check the amount of oil in the diesel tank before starting each time to keep it full of oil;
10, regularly clean the dust and other dirt on the external surface of the generator set;
1 1. In the case of water-cooled units, it is also necessary to regularly check the circulating cooling water system (water pump, water volume, etc.). ) is normal, the control system is normal.
How to use and maintain the battery correctly [Abstract] The battery is one of the important parts in the automobile. Its efficiency has a vital impact on automobile efficiency. If the battery is not properly used and maintained, its service life will be greatly shortened. This paper briefly analyzes the common faults of the battery, and introduces the correct use and daily maintenance of the battery in detail. [Keywords:] battery fault maintenance battery is one of the important parts of the car. Its efficiency has a vital impact on automobile efficiency. (remaining 2724 words)
How to use and maintain household appliances correctly 1 The key to correct use is to develop good habits at ordinary times. Here are a few simple points.
Do not switch frequently.
When using household appliances, don't touch the switch and shell with wet hands.
Cut off the power supply at any time after using the household appliances.
Stay away from heat sources.
Repair and maintenance of household appliances
1. Dust: Dust is everywhere in the house. Dust removal is very important.
2. Temperature: The internal components of household appliances will be damp and moldy, greatly shortening the service life of electrical appliances.
3. Overload: Pay attention to the rated power. Several high-power appliances in the home cannot be used at the same time to avoid accidents. It is best not to use a power socket for all kinds of household appliances to prevent poor contact, short circuit and overload.
How to use and maintain the iPad/iPhone battery correctly, but the life of the iPad/iPhone battery has recently become a topic of concern to many people. IPad/iPhone chargers can't be mixed from the beginning (it has been proved to be a rumor), but it has caused users to discuss lithium batteries. Today, through this incident, combined with some online methods that have been verified by many parties, I will help you to correctly understand lithium batteries and be familiar with their correct use and maintenance skills. I hope it can bring help and convenience to your work and study. As for charging, I think the original one is the best. It's very simple. Forget the information on the Internet and make sure that if the original one doesn't work, then nothing else will work! Apple's three-plug wiring board is still very easy to buy. If you can charge it with the original one, don't use the adapter. In addition, it is best not to use USB to connect the computer to charge. The conventional U-port of a computer is 5V*500ma. Although the charging speed will be fast, it is all virtual electricity, which may theoretically hurt the motherboard. Prison break is also the reason for the huge power consumption. Jailbreak will destroy the whole system and cause greater power consumption, which is why people often say that users who don't jailbreak will live longer than those who jailbreak. Although iPad 2 can't be jailbroken at present, iPhone 4 can be jailbroken. Moreover, in the future, iPad 2 can definitely be jailbroken, and the choice between the two still needs the user's own control. In addition, the necessary shutdown is set: 1: WiFi does not need to be turned off, and it will automatically scan the surrounding hotspots, resulting in power consumption. 2: Turn off all functions when not using 2:iCloud. 3. Unnecessary shutdown of background programs will also accelerate power consumption. 4. Mobile users turn off 3G, because it will consume batteries and electricity. 5: Screen brightness is changed to manual, highlighting the screen will cause a lot of consumption (electricity). Ps: So is the iPhone. First, charging 12 hours is a bit radical. Frequent use will keep the lithium battery active all the time. In other words, as long as you use it frequently, it won't have much impact (isn't it nonsense to buy it? )。 PS: The first charge 12 hour is because most products won't have too much electricity when they are bought, so it's true to recharge after they are bought, but 12 hour doesn't need to be fully charged. Finally, the endurance of iPad 2 is very commendable. Even if it is not used according to the maintenance skills in this paper, it can provide a long battery life and has little impact on daily use. IPhone 4 is a tragedy, and it basically needs to be recharged every day after jailbreak, so the maintenance skills in this article are more helpful to iPhone 4. In fact, you have to admire Apple's industrial design. I have only used the three Apple devices in the picture. Those MacBook Pro or all-in-one machines have not been used much, so I won't say much. Just look at these three Apple products. Although they use ARM architecture, the main frequency is not high, but it can definitely give you an unspeakable smooth experience. Looking at the market, how many products can compete with Apple in these two aspects and have the same battery life? Obviously, Apple's success is not without reason.
How to use and maintain the electronic platform scale correctly —— Daily maintenance and overhaul of Golden Diamond brand;
(1) Keep the whole electronic scale clean. Electronic scale is a precise measuring instrument. Keeping the whole machine clean is of great significance to prolong the service life of the whole machine and improve the measurement accuracy. It is necessary to keep all parts of the electronic scale free from dust and oil pollution, and all movable joints are flexible and free to prevent corrosion. When used in harsh environments such as dusty and corrosive gases, it should be cleaned in time. Always check whether there is any collision or crack, and whether the tight and tough parts are loose. If there is any abnormality, it should be handled in time.
(2) Avoid the electronic scales from being violently pushed, collided and impacted. Electronic scales are composed of many electronic components, such as integrated circuits, timing crystals, display devices, sensors and so on. When the electronic scale is subjected to severe external force, these components and accessories may be damaged, resulting in the failure of the electronic scale, which affects the accuracy and normal use. In order to prevent the scale from colliding with other objects or falling from the sky, the display instrument should be handled with care and should not be exposed to the sun for a long time to avoid unnecessary losses. The weighing display shall be fixed in vibration position.
(3) Do not disassemble the parts on the electronic scale at will.
During the normal use of the electronic scale, do not disassemble the components on the electronic scale at will, let alone the sensor and the seal of the integrated circuit on the instrument. Necessary maintenance must be carried out under the guidance of relevant technicians or with certain maintenance knowledge to prevent the fault from expanding. Suzhou Golden Diamond can be repaired by electronic scales.
(4) Management of electronic weighing instruments. Electronic scales are precise and expensive instruments. It is suggested that users should formulate necessary management systems, assign special personnel to be responsible and use them, and establish necessary use and maintenance records. They don't need to be stored in a designated place for a long time, and should be protected from sunlight, moisture and dust.
(5) The battery pack should be charged in time. Electronic scales are equipped with rechargeable batteries with limited capacity. When the battery is not used for a long time or shows the indication of insufficient power when working, it should be charged in time to avoid excessive discharge of the battery and affect its service life. Always check whether the battery package is damaged and whether the lead wire is in good condition to prevent short circuit and damage the battery and electronic scale circuit. For the battery charging method, please refer to the operating instructions of the electronic scale or the relevant chapters in this book.