Speaking of Fan Kuai in history, the most impressive thing that people may remember is that he was a dog killer. Fan Kuai's name is still hanging on many dog ??meat restaurants in Peixian County, Jiangsu and other places.

Fan Kuai and Liu Bang were good friends and fellow villagers. They hid together with Liu Bang in Mangdang Mountain. When the world was in chaos, they together with Xiao He, Cao Shen and others elected Liu Bang as Duke of Pei and raised the throne. raised the banner of anti-Qin.

Fan Kuai once served as Liu Bang's personal bodyguard and followed Liu Bang in his southern and northern wars, and made great military exploits. The most well-known story about him in history books is probably the Hongmen Banquet. When Xiang Zhuang danced his sword with the intention of attacking Pei Gong, Fan Kuai broke in alone with a shield, ate the raw meat given by Xiang Yu, and loudly scolded Xiang Yu for crossing the river and demolishing the bridge, which made Xiang Yu feel guilty, and Liu Bang took this opportunity to escape from Chu. Military camp.

Later Liu Bang killed Qin and destroyed Chu and unified the world. Fan Kuai also received the reward he deserved and was named "Wu Yanghou". After that, Fan Kuai continued to follow Liu Bang to put down the rebellion of princes and kings with different surnames, conquer King Xin of Han, and attack Yingbu. Fan Kuai was always at the forefront.

As for why Liu Bang trusted Fan Kuai so much, in addition to their relationship as close friends from the same hometown, they were also "brother-in-law". Fan Kuai married Empress Lu's sister Lu Yu, and it was precisely this This relationship allowed Fan Kuai to almost be executed in Liu Bang's later years.

In the last year of Liu Bang's life, King Lu Wan of Yan also rebelled. At this time, Liu Bang suffered a trauma and could no longer ride a horse to fight. The hero was dying, so he had no choice but to send Fan Kuai to conquer Lu Wan.

But as soon as Fan Kuai left, someone told Liu Bang that Fan Kuai had a close relationship with the Lu family and would endanger the Liu family sooner or later. Liu Bang was originally extremely dissatisfied with Empress Lu's interference in politics. Thinking of this, he broke out in a cold sweat. Chen Ping was hurriedly sent to take Zhou Bo to announce the decree, let Zhou Bo succeed Fan Kuai, and retrieve Fan Kuai's head.

Chen Ping and Zhou Bo thought about it halfway. After all, they are brothers-in-law, and they have a relationship with Empress Lu. If the emperor regrets it in the future, will he take it out on both of us? So the two put Fan Kuai into a prison car and escorted him back to the capital to make the emperor punish himself.

However, Liu Bang died halfway. Empress Lu took control of the power and naturally would not kill Fan Kuai again, so Fan Kuai saved his life.

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Fan Kuai was born into a humble family. When he was young, he made a living by butchering dogs and selling their meat. It is said that when Fan Kuai was selling meat, Liu Bang liked the dog meat he made very much, so he often went to eat it, but he ate it for free without paying for it.

Fan Kuai was a very loyal person, and he was embarrassed to argue with Liu Bang about this little dog meat money. But Liu Bang pushed the odds even further, not only eating for free, but also taking it for free, which made Fan Kuai extremely depressed. So every time Fan Kuai made dog meat, he would carry a load across the Sishui River to sell the meat.

Liu Bang was very anxious when he couldn't find Fan Kuai, so he asked around for free meals, and finally found out that Fan Kuai had gone to the other side of the river to sell meat. At that time, Liu Bang was so poor that he didn't even have money to take a boat. When he was in a hurry, an old turtle helped Liu Bang across the river, so Liu Bang successfully ate dog meat and took away a dinner. Later, Fan Kuai heard the story of the turtle, killed the turtle with a knife, and stewed the turtle and dog meat into a pot of soup. The smell of the meat was so fragrant that it was sold out before leaving home. It is said that it later became Fan Kuai's stewed dog meat. secret recipe.

After Liu Bang married Lu Pheasant, in order to repay Fan Kuai's kindness, he introduced Lu Pheasant's sister Lu Yu to Fan Kuai as his wife. From then on, Fan Kuai followed Liu Bang wholeheartedly. Liu Bang released the prisoners and was forced to hide in Mangdang Mountain. Fan Kuai also followed him. Later, Liu Bang launched an army to rebel against Qin. Fan Kuai also joined Liu Bang's team and was appointed as a personal adjutant by Liu Bang.

Fan Kuai fought extremely bravely. He took the lead in every battle and was the first to climb the tower, so he gradually became a powerful general under Liu Bang. During the Hongmen Banquet, Liu Bang was in danger. Fan Kuai broke into Xiang Yu's tent, detailed Liu Bang's achievements, and ate a pig leg rewarded by Xiang Yu, thus giving Liu Bang a chance to escape.

After the Hongmen Banquet, Fan Kuai was granted the title of Marquis of Linwu by Liu Bang and followed Liu Bang into Hanzhong. After Liu Bang launched the Chu-Han War, Fan Kuai sometimes led troops to fight alone, and sometimes followed Liu Bang to fight, and each time he achieved significant gains.

In 202 BC, Liu Bang proclaimed himself emperor.

However, in the early Han Dynasty, kings with different surnames continued to rebel. As Liu Bang's confidant, Fan Kuai became a key minister in putting down the rebellion. He once led an army to pacify the land of Yan alone and captured the king of Yan, Zang Tu. Following Liu Bang, he captured Han Xin and pacified Chu. He also worked with Zhou Bo to pacify the state of Dai.

After the world was generally peaceful, Fan Kuai had become a powerful figure. His title was Marquis of Wuyang and his official position was Prime Minister Zuo. At that time, Liu Bang was very dissatisfied with Lu Pheasant's interference in government affairs, and was ready to repair Lu Pheasant's party members. Fan Kuai happened to be Lu Pheasant's brother-in-law, so Liu Bang secretly ordered Chen Ping and Zhou Bo to kill Fan Kuai.

Chen Ping was very tactful. After receiving Liu Bang's order, he was neither willing to disobey Liu Bang's order nor offend Lu Pheasant. Therefore, he adopted the method of reconciliation and tied up Fan Kuai and gave it to Liu Bang, allowing Liu Bang to make his own decision. In the end, Liu Bang passed away before Fan Kuai was delivered to Liu Bang, and Fan Kuai also saved his life.

After Liu Bang's death, Fan Kuai was taken care of by Lu Pheasant because of his wife Lu Yu, and he quickly rose to prominence. Even his wife Lu Yu was made a marquis.

In 189 BC, Fan Kuai died, and Fan Kuai and Lu Yu's sons, Fan and his wife, attacked Jue Wuyanghou. At this time, Lu Pheasant was in great power, and Lu Yu also acted arrogantly, offending many elders promoted by Liu Bang. However, after Lu Fei's death, Chen Ping, Zhou Bo and others quickly launched an operation to kill the Lu family. In this operation, Lu Yu and his son Fan were beaten to death.

After Fan and his wife died, Fan Kuai's concubine Fan Shiren took the title of Marquis of Wuyang. After the death of Fan Shi, his son Fan Taguang took over the throne. However, Fan Taguang's family secretly informed Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty, saying that the people in Fan City were sick and could not have children, and that Fan Taguang was the product of incest with the wife of the people in Fan City. After hearing this, Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty ordered to seize Fan Taguang's title, abolish his feudal status, and demote Fan Taguang to a commoner.

According to legend, after Fan Taguang was demoted to a commoner and unable to make a living, he thought of Fan Kuai’s ancestral secret recipe of stewing dog meat in turtle soup, so he returned to his old profession and engaged in dog slaughter. The stew business. It is said that this is the origin of Peixian dog meat with turtle juice.

Fan Kuai was born as a butcher. In his early years, he made a living selling dog meat, and his small business was still successful. The dog meat he cooks has two major characteristics: first, it tastes good, and second, it sells well. Therefore, the folks in the village like to eat his dog meat. But what troubled Fan Kuai was that Liu Bang also liked to eat dog meat, but he would leave after eating it every time without giving him a penny. What's even more annoying is that sometimes Liu Bang not only refuses to give money after eating, but also takes a piece before leaving. Later, when Fan Kuai was selling meat, he started hiding with Liu Bang. Whenever he saw Liu Bang from a distance, he picked up the dog meat and turned around and ran away. Liu Bang would chase after him after smelling the dog meat. As long as Liu Bang catches up, his day's hard work will be in vain. In addition to making no profit, he will even lose money.

Later Liu Bang married Lu Pheasant, a girl from a wealthy family. Lu Pheasant also had a beautiful sister. Different from ordinary people's coquettishness. Fan Kuai was a strong man with a good temper. When Fan Kuai found out that Liu Bang had such a lovely sister-in-law, he not only stopped hiding when he saw Liu Bang, but also let Bang eat with his cheeks open. After eating, he asked Liu Bang to bring some to his sister-in-law. Liu Bang immediately understood Fan Kuai's intention, and soon he connected with Lu Fei and facilitated Fan Kuai's good deeds. After the marriage, Lu Yu gave birth to a son for Fan Kuai, named Fan Kang.

After Liu Bang's uprising, Fan Kuai followed Liu Bang to conquer the world. Fan Kuai was particularly brave in fighting. Every time he attacked a city, he would be the first to climb the tower and then send the enemy troops fleeing in all directions. Therefore, Fan Kuai became Liu Bang's most capable general, and few people could match him. Also at the Hongmen Banquet, Liu Bang's life was at stake. Fan Kuai rushed into the tent in time to argue with Xiang Yu. Xiang Yu was impressed by Fan Kuai's heroism, and Liu Bang took the opportunity to slip away. Not long after Liu Bang proclaimed himself emperor, kings with different surnames rebelled one after another. Fan Kuai helped Liu Bang conquer the north and south, conquered the battlefield, and made countless military exploits. In the end, Liu Bang made Fan Kuai the Prime Minister of Zuo, and granted him the title of Marquis of Wuyang, with a settlement of 5,400 households. Fan Kuai was granted the title of Marquis by his prime minister, and enjoyed great success. Later, he also began to take in wives and concubines, and gave birth to a concubine from Fan City.

Liu Bang was seriously ill in his later years, and Empress Lu was beginning to usurp power. In order to weaken the power of Empress Lu's relatives, Liu Bang wanted to get rid of Fan Kuai, who had devoted her life to him. At that time, Lu Wan, the king of Xiaoyan, was catching up with Liu Bang and rebelled. Liu Bang had already sent Fan Kuai to quell the rebellion, so Liu Bang sent Chen Ping and Zhou Bo to the front line of the battlefield to kill Fan Kuai, and Zhou Bo took charge of the military.

In order to leave a way out for themselves, Chen and Zhou only arrested Fan Kuai. They did not obey Liu Bang's order and execute Fan Kuai on the spot. Instead, they took him to Chang'an and prepared to hand him over to Liu Bang. As a result, news of Liu Bang's death came before Chen Ping and his party arrived in Chang'an. Fan Kuai survived, Chen Ping and Zhou Bo turned to claim credit in front of Empress Lu, and the matter ended successfully.

After Liu Bang's death, Liu Ying ascended the throne as Emperor Hui of Han. However, under the pressure of the powerful Empress Lu, Liu Ying only served as the formal emperor for six years and died in depression. After Liu Ying's death, Empress Lu continued to ennoble the descendants of the Lu family, and the Liu family basically changed the surname to Lu. In 186 BC, Fan Kuai died of illness. Two years later, Fan Kuai's wife Lu Yu was granted the title of Linguang Marquis by her sister Lu Fei, becoming the first female marquis in Chinese history. From then on, Lu Yu became even more arrogant and domineering, and acted recklessly. The ministers stayed away from her and dared not speak out when they were angry.

In 180 BC, Empress Lu died of illness. After that, the power of the Lu family was completely eradicated. Fan Kuai's wife Lu Yu was flogged to death, and Fan Kuai's legitimate son Fan Kang was also executed. Fan Kuai's concubine Fan Shiren was spared from execution and inherited Fan Kuai's title of Marquis of Wuyang. After his death, he was posthumously named Marquis of Huang. The title was inherited by his son Fan Guangta. During the reign of Emperor Jing, Fan Guang and his family sued him for pretending to be a knight. The reason was that Fan was weak and sickly, and Fan Guang was born from an affair between his younger brother and his wife with the acquiescence of the people in Fan. In 143 BC, Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty ordered that Fan Guang's title be revoked and he was demoted to the people. From then on, Fan Kuai's descendants were people for generations. In order to make a living, in desperation, the descendants returned to their ancestral business and started selling dog meat. It is said that it has become a time-honored product.

Fan Kuai was the founding hero of the Han Dynasty. He made great military exploits during Liu Bang's establishment of the Han Dynasty. He was loyal to Liu Bang and performed outstandingly at the Hongmen Banquet. He is extremely brave and is a very brave general under Liu Bang. After Liu Bang established the Han Dynasty, he was named Wuyang Marquis for his meritorious service.

What will happen to Fan Kuai’s family?

Since it is Fan Kuai’s family, let’s talk about his family first. In addition to Fan Kuai, Fan Kuai’s wife is Lu Pheasant’s sister Lu Yu, so Fan Kuai is also Empress Lu’s brother-in-law. Fan Kuai's legitimate son is Mr. and Mrs. Fan, and his concubine is from Fan City.

Fan Kuai made great military exploits for the Han Dynasty. At the same time, he was also very loyal to Liu Bang. He was deeply trusted and valued by Liu Bang, but he was Lu Pheasant's brother-in-law. After Liu Bang established the Han Dynasty, Lu Fei was named queen and Liu Ying was named prince.

Later, Lu Pheasant began to participate in the government affairs, and Lu Pheasant's power became more and more powerful. At that time, Fan Kuai was a general with troops and horses, and he was also Empress Lu's brother-in-law. Later, someone told him that he was seriously ill. Liu Bang said that Fan Kuai and Lu Fei were in cahoots. Liu Bang was worried that Fan Kuai was really colluding with Fan Kuai, so that if he died in the future, he would endanger the Han Dynasty, so he decided to kill Fan Kuai. So let Chen Ping and Zhou Bo get rid of Fan Kuai.

However, Liu Bang died later, so Fan Kuai was able to save his life. Later, Fan Kuai died during the reign of Han Hui Emperor Liu Ying. After his death, he was given the posthumous title of Wuhou.

Lu Yu was the wife of Fan Kuai, and Lu Yu was the sister of Lu Pheasant. After Liu Bang died, Liu Ying ascended the throne as Emperor Hui of the Han Dynasty, and Lu Pheasant became the queen mother. From then on, Lu Pheasant began to control The rights of a big man. After Lu Fei came to power, she began to chaos and dictatorship. When she vigorously suppressed the Liu family, she also banned the Lu family.

Lu Pheasant’s sister Lu Yu was granted the title of Marquis of Linguang. Because Lu Yu was Lu Pheasant's sister, after Lu Pheasant came to power, Lu Yu also began to take power. Many ministers were very afraid of her.

Later, Lu Fei died, and the Lu family wanted to cause rebellion. Chen Ping, Zhou Bo and others eliminated the rebellion and punished Lu, and Lu Yu was also executed.

Fan and his wife are the sons of Fan Kuai and Lu Wei. After Fan Kuai's death, Fan and his wife inherited the title of Marquis of Wuyang. Although Fan Kuai is the son of Fan Kuai, he is also the son of Lu Yu. After Lu Fei came to power, Lu Yu monopolized the government and became domineering and domineering. Therefore, many adults were afraid of her and hated her at the same time.

After Lu Fei's death, Chen Ping, Zhou Bo and others eliminated Zhu Lu's rebellion, and Fan and his wife were also killed.

Fan Shiren was Fan Kuai's bastard. When Chen Ping and Zhou Bo eliminated Zhu Lu's rebellion, Fan Kuai and Lu Yu's son Fan and his wife were killed, but Fan Kuai's bastard Fan Shiren survived.

After the death of Mr. and Mrs. Fan, the title of Marquis of Wuyang became vacant. After that, Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty granted Fan the title of Marquis of Wuyang and restored the title of Marquis of Wuyang. Later, the Fanshi man died and his posthumous title was Huanghou.

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Fan Kuai and Liu Bang are from the same hometown. In his early years, he made a career of butchering dogs. Later, he followed Liu Bang in revolting against the Qin Dynasty and fought everywhere, with high military exploits. Especially at the Hongmen Banquet, Fan Kuai broke into Xiang Yu's camp with a sword and shield. After entering the tent, he "stood westward and stared at Xiang Yu, with his eyes cracked and his hair pointing upward." He solved the crisis at the Hongmen Banquet at the critical moment and escorted Liu Bang to escape back to the Han camp. . In addition, he married Empress Lu's sister Lu Yu, and he and Liu Bang were both fellow townsmen and brothers-in-law, so their relationship was definitely unusual.

So after Liu Bang proclaimed himself emperor, he named him Marquis of Wuyang, and he was often sent by Liu Bang to put down the rebellious princes and kings of different surnames. This shows that Liu Bang still trusts Fan Kuai.

However, everything will change. As Empress Lu continued to interfere in politics and her body gradually weakened, Liu Bang gradually realized the importance of guarding against Lu's dictatorship. As the founding general of the country, Fan Kuai held military power. He also had a very good relationship with Empress Lu. Once he died, Fan Kuai would most likely become an accomplice of Empress Lu's dictatorship.

So when Fan Kuai sent troops to attack Lu Wan, Liu Bang adopted Chen Ping's plan and went to Fan Kuai's army to deliver the edict in Chen Ping's name. However, he secretly carried General Zhou Bo in the car, and when he arrived at the military camp, he suddenly announced the edict. Fan Kuai was beheaded and replaced by Zhou Bo to seize the seal. Therefore, Liu Bang had murderous intentions towards Fan Kuai before his death.

But Fan Kuai’s life should not be cut off. First of all, Chen Ping and Zhou Bo did not dare to kill Fan Kuai. After all, Fan Kuai’s relationship with Liu Bang and the Lu family was not ordinary. In case Liu Bang regretted it in the future, or if Liu Bang died and Queen Lu When Qiquan used this matter to hold them accountable again, neither of them ended well, so they decided to kidnap Fan Kuai to Chang'an and let Liu Bang deal with it himself. But just as he was escorting Fan Kuai back to Beijing, Liu Bang died. When Chen Ping learned about it, he immediately rode back to Chang'an to explain the matter to Empress Lu. Empress Lu's sisters knew that Fan Kuai was not dead, so they did not blame them and immediately ordered Fan Kuai was released and his title restored.

In this way, after experiencing a little hardship, Fan Kuai spent another six years peacefully, and then died of illness.

After Liu Bang's death, Empress Lu took over the power and made great use of the Lu family. Even Fan Kuai's wife Lu Yu was granted the title of Marquis of Linguang by Empress Lu. The Lu family also relied on Empress Lu's exclusive power to exert authority in the court. This caused dissatisfaction among many ministers and their relatives surnamed Liu. In 180 BC, Empress Lu died. Ministers headed by Chen Ping and Zhou Bo began to kill the Lu family, and Lu Yu was here. Sometimes he was beaten to death with sticks.

Fan Kuai and Lu Yu had a son named Mr. and Mrs. Fan. After Fan Kuai's death, Mr. and Mrs. Fan inherited the title of Marquis of Wuyang, but in the end Fan and his wife were also executed in the operation to eradicate the Lu family.

However, Fan Kuai also had a concubine named Fanshi by his concubine Ji. Because Fanshi was not born to Lu Yu and had no relationship with the Lu family, he was spared. During the period of Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty, he was allowed to inherit the title of Marquis of Wuyang. .

Fan Kuai was a native of Pei County in the late Qin Dynasty. He was the child of Liu Bang, the emperor of the Han Dynasty. We grew up together since childhood. Originally a butcher who killed dogs.

After Liu Bang released prisoners privately in Mangdang Mountain and cut the snakes to revolt. He has been following Liu Bang on his expeditions. As a military general, there are not many descriptions of Fan Kuai's military exploits on the battlefield in history. It's because Fan Kuai has always been Liu Bang's chief of bodyguards. Most of them stayed with Liu Bang to protect Liu Bang. Its role positioning is a bit like Zhao Yun during the Three Kingdoms period. During the Hongmen Banquet, Savior Fan Kuai made great achievements. After learning that Liu Bang was in danger. A single man holding a shield broke through the guards of Xiang Yu's tent, rushed into Xiang Yu's tent, glared at Xiang Yu, and mocked Xiang Yu for being unfair to Liu Bang in front of everyone. It can be seen that Fan Kuai is indeed very courageous. Later, after the Chu-Han War, he also served as the main general in countering the rebellion of the vassal kings in various places. He achieved many military exploits. Fan Kuai has always followed Liu Bang. Later, he married Lu Yu [xū], the sister of Liu Bang's queen Lu Fei. They gave birth to a son named Mr. and Mrs. Fan. After the death of Liu Bang, the emperor of the Han Dynasty, Lv Zhi took over power. Fan Kuai was named a general. Lu Yu is even more so because she is Lu Pheasant's sister. He is domineering. Most of the ministers in the DPRK stayed away. Later, Lu Pheasant died. Zhou Bo and Chen Ping launched a coup. Join forces with Xia Houying to defeat the Lu. At this time, Fan Kuai had died of illness for many years. The wall fell down and everyone pushed it. Lu Yu was beaten to death by the rebels with sticks while lying on the pillow. His son Fan and his wife were also killed. Only the son of a concubine was lucky enough to survive in Fan City. After Emperor Wen of Han succeeded to the throne. He also allowed the people from Fan City who were born as concubines to inherit Fan Kuai's food and title.

The Fan Kuai family was blessed because of Empress Lu, and also suffered misfortune because of Empress Lu. Fortunately, there is still a bloodline left. Today, Fan Kuai's descendants have extended to 77 generations. Fan Xiantao also carried forward the dog meat in dog meat sauce left by his ancestors to this day.

Fan Kuai is a relatively special existence among the heroes of the early Han Dynasty. He ranked fifth among the heroes of the early Han Dynasty. He was preceded by Xiao He, Cao Shen, and Zhang Ao (who was demoted by King Zhao to the title of Marquis of Xuanping). ), Zhou Bo, Fan Kuai also has another layer of identity, that is, his wife is called Lu Xu, who is Empress Lu's biological sister, which means that Fan Kuai and Liu Bang are brothers-in-law.

At the Hongmen Banquet, Fan Kuai also saved Liu Bang's life. He angrily scolded Xiang Yu in person for his betrayal, making Xiang Yu embarrassed to attack Liu Bang, and finally escorted Liu Bang back to the camp.

In 195 BC, when Liu Bang returned from pacifying Yingbu, he fell ill because of an arrow wound. As soon as Liu Bang returned to Chang'an, he heard that King Lu Wan of Yan had rebelled, and Lu Wan was He was the person Liu Bang trusted and valued the most, so he named him King of Yan. Liu Bang sent Fan Kuai to quell the rebellion.

But as soon as Fan Kuai left, someone told Liu Bang that Fan Kuai was colluding with Empress Lu to plot evil after Liu Bang's death. Liu Bang was already very dissatisfied with Empress Lu's involvement in politics, and he wanted to He failed to depose the crown prince Liu Ying and replace him with Liu Ruyi, the king of Zhao, and he no longer trusted Fan Kuai.

So he came to Chen Ping and Zhou Bo to discuss the matter. Chen Ping came up with the idea and secretly took Zhou Bo to Fan Kuai's camp, where he killed Fan Kuai directly and let Zhou Bo take the command. print. But when Chen Ping was on the way, he said to Zhou Bo: Your Majesty is about to die. If we really kill Fan Kuai, then Queen Lu will want to settle a score with us.

As soon as the two of them joined forces, they did not kill Fan Kuai directly, but took Fan Kuai back and left it to Liu Bang to deal with. Sure enough, when they reached the middle, Liu Bang died of illness and the power of the court fell. After falling into the hands of Empress Lu, Empress Lu forgave Chen Ping because Fan Kuai was not dead.

Fan Kuai died of illness in the sixth year of Emperor Hui of the Han Dynasty, that is, in 189 BC. In 180 BC, Empress Lu died of illness. Zhou Bo and Chen Ping killed Zhu Lu and killed Lu Xu. Fan Kuai and Lu Xu's legitimate sons Fan and his wife were also killed.

Fan Kuai's concubine, a native of Fan City, inherited Fan Kuai's title and fief of Marquis Wuyang because he was not Lu Xu's son. After the death of Fan Kuai, his son Fan Ta Guang assumed the title. He Guang had a generosity. He offended Fan Taguang and was punished by Fan Taguang, so he held a grudge.

He told Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty that Fan Taguang was not actually the biological son of a Fanshi person, because Fanshi people could not have children. Fan Taguang was the son of a Fanshi man's wife and a Fanshi man's brother. Therefore, in 143 BC, Fan Taguang's title was reduced and he was demoted to a commoner.