China has a vast territory and a large span from north to south. The climate is different and the living habits are different. There are definitely different ways to celebrate the festival, just like a song "You are in the bright sunshine in the south, the snow is flying, but I am in the cold night in the north, and the four seasons are like spring. In this issue of Urban Culture, we will introduce to you the February 2nd in the north. Customs and food customs.
1. Shandong 1. Mule and Horse Festival In Shandong, this festival is an important festival after the Spring Festival, especially in Nanzhan Town, Wenshang County, which is famous both at home and abroad. For the mule and horse meeting, people from as far away as Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia drove their livestock in advance. Merchants from all over the country came to participate in this material exchange meeting. After dawn on this day, before the sun came out, it was customary to surround the warehouse with ashes of vegetation. The figure looks like a grain hoard, with grains placed in the middle and pressed with bricks, which indicates a bumper harvest this year and hopes for a good harvest. Sprinkle plant ash at the base of the wall and chant "One handful of ashes, two handfuls of ashes, scorpions and centipedes will die." "Pile", legend has it that if children play at the base of the wall, even if there are these pests, they will not hurt the children.
2. Eat fried beans and eat fried beans (this kind of fried beans is called "fried beans" by the locals) "Food beans", also known as "Scorpion Claws". Among them, "Food beans" refers to black beans, soybeans or peanuts, etc., which are usually cooked or fried, also called "Food beans". Every year on February 2 of the lunar calendar, in some northern areas, such as northwest and Shandong There is a custom of eating fried beans to mark the beginning of spring every year. The soybeans are soaked with seasonings a few days in advance, dried, and fried on the same day. They are also eaten fried with sugar when they meet. , but the main ingredient is soybeans. The children walked to that house and chanted the popular saying, "On February 2, fry scorpion claws (fried soybeans), the aunt will give you a handful", and feed beans (fried soybeans). It has become the main dish of entertainment. People eat lentils to attend the Earth Temple Fair on February 2, play, shop, communicate, watch theater, etc. When students arrive at school, they are even more enthusiastic, and the classroom becomes a small exhibition of lentils. Yes, we will have fun tasting it to see whose craftsmanship is better. It is not allowed to drink glutinous rice soup (soup made from flour) on this day, especially if there is a dragon in the family. Legend has it that if you are afraid of glutinous dragon eyes, you will not live long on this day. You can only eat noodles and dumplings. The dumplings are stuffed with shepherd's purse dug from the farmland and seasoned with it. Women were not allowed to comb their hair on this day in the county. There will be centipedes falling out of the crotch, and women cannot do needlework for fear of hurting the dragon's eyes.
2. Beijing 1. Eat Spring Pancakes on February 2nd. Since it is the time when the "dragon raises its head", many foods are associated with the dragon. In Beijing, spring pancakes are often eaten on this day, which is called "eating dragon scales", and the most important thing is to eat them with "combined vegetables". It is made by stir-frying shredded lean meat with spinach, bean sprouts, garlic and other vegetables. When eating, divide the spring pancake into two parts, smear it with sweet noodle sauce, add green onions, add vegetables, and roll it into a tube shape. Noodles, dumplings, etc. are also popular in the northern region, and there is a special saying in various places. For example, eating noodles is called "Eating Dragon Beard" (Jilin), "Tiao Longtou" (Hebei), and eating dumplings is called "Eating Long Er" (Eating Long Er) Jilin), "Eating Dragon's Horn" (Hebei), "Eating Longan" (Inner Mongolia), "Eating Dragon's Tooth" (Beijing), etc.
2. Eating sun cakes. In addition to eating sun cakes on February 2, there is another kind of food called "sun cakes", which is used to worship the sun god. Folks have the custom of worshiping the Sun God on the first day of February. Later, the birthday of the Earth God was also included and changed to February 2, which is called the Zhonghe Festival. "Yanjing Chronicles" records: "On the first day of the second lunar month, people in the city made small cakes out of rice dough, five pieces per layer, with more than an inch of chicken on top, which was called sun cake. People in the city bought and offered it to those who worshiped the sun. In other words, it ranges from three to five. "This kind of cake is steamed with rice flour, and some people use glutinous rice." The rooster is a symbol of the sun. When the rooster crows, the sun rises.
3. Eat Donkey and Roll According to the custom of old Beijing, people always like to buy "Donkey and Roll" to taste in the second month of the lunar calendar. "Donkey Rolling" is a kind of bean flour cake, a halal snack in Beijing. Use steamed yellow rice (or glutinous rice) to knead into a ball, sprinkle with fried soybean noodles, add red bean filling, roll into a long strip, sprinkle with sesame, osmanthus and white sugar to eat. Since the food stalls operated in the Qing Dynasty "made it now and sold it" When the "donkey rolls", the bean flour is sprinkled as it is prepared, just like a donkey rolling on the spot in the countryside and covered with loess, hence the humorous name. In some northern areas, pig ears and pig trotters are also eaten to celebrate February 2nd.
3. Shanxi Province 1. Eating pasta related to dragons "Most areas in Shanxi like to eat pasta, and the pasta they often eat on weekdays have their own specialties on February 2nd." Nie Yuanlong said, For example, the noodles most commonly eaten by Shanxi people will have a nice name "Eating Dragon Beard" on February 2nd. Eating vermicelli is also called "eating the dragon's beard" or "picking the dragon's tail".
In some places, the cake eaten on February 2 is called "Dragon Scale Cake", while in Luliang area, pancakes or scallion pancakes are eaten on this day, which is called "Jielongpi". In Taiyuan area, in addition to eating pancakes on this day, people also eat dumplings, which is called "eating dragon ears". Some people also eat pancakes rolled with vegetables, which means to combine the dragon's head. In southern Shanxi, people must eat mahua and steamed rice dumplings on this day, which is called "gnawing dragon bones". "No matter what kind of pasta, Shanxi people have to find ways to connect with the dragon, which is related to Shanxi people's belief in the dragon god." Nie Yuanlong said.
However, there is an exception. In the Luliang Mountains, the pasta eaten on February 2 does not contain the word "dragon". The locals call it "Zaoshan". The so-called "Zaoshan" is a human-shaped pasta made before the Spring Festival.
"Zaoshan" is offered to the gods during the Spring Festival. After setting up the stove on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month, it is roasted on the residual fire for the second time. The locals believe that the "Zaoshan" baked in the stove on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month can cure all diseases. The "body" is given to children, while the "head" is left until the morning of February 2nd for mature men to eat. Local people say that if you eat "Jujube Mountain" on February 2nd, you will not hit stones when plowing, and you will have strength when plowing.
2. Induce the dragon to pray for good weather and good weather. In southern Shanxi, this day is considered to be the day when the green dragon is active. It is forbidden to go to the river or well to carry water to avoid bringing back dragon eggs. When walking and working by rivers and wells, they pay great attention to silence and try not to make any noise, so as not to disturb Qinglong and ruin the good years.
On this day in northern Shanxi, "Si Qianlong" is popular. Before the sun rises in the morning, every household carries a teapot and goes to the river or well to draw water. According to the calculation of how many dragons control the water this year, put a few copper coins or coins in the teapot. After fetching water, sprinkle a trail of water as you go back home, and pour all the remaining water and money into the water jar. The money dragon will lead you home, which means you will get rich in a year. When attracting Qian Long, be especially careful not to speak, so as not to scare Qian Long away.
For money-drawing dragons in some places in northwestern Shanxi, choose a big tree or a big stone and surround it with gray thread. Then tie a copper coin with a red thread. First place the copper coin in the gray coil, pull the thread back home, and cover it with a container.
The money-drawing dragon in the southeastern Shanxi area uses stove ashes and sprinkles a curved gray line from outside the door to the kitchen, just around the water tank.
3. Drive away hundreds of insects. As the saying goes: "After the awakening of insects, hundreds of insects will survive." During the Qinglong Festival, many folk activities to drive away poisons are popular. "Yangcheng County Chronicle" records: "At the beginning of a hundred stings, hang the Tianshi Talisman to ward off the insect poison." In the morning, when people get up, they should not say the word "qi", for fear that all poisonous insects will rise up in response. Folk custom in the southern Shanxi area likes to boil manjing soup and sprinkle it all over the cracks and corners of the walls, the bottom of the kang mat, and under the bed, which is called "forbidding hundreds of insects." Some also gathered villagers, carried the idols, went to the door of each house, and sprinkled rice soup into the courtyard, which was meant to disperse the plague. The front door of the house is surrounded by lime. Folk customs in the southeastern Shanxi region paint a medicinal gourd containing snakes, scorpions, centipedes, centipedes, spiders and other five poisonous pests, and stick it on the wall, which is called "preventing hundreds of insects". Some also use beans and wheat flour to roll into a lamp-twisted shape and bury them in the soil, which is called "smoked centipede". Folklore folk in the central Shanxi area make dustpans at home, and the nursery rhyme goes like "On February 2, if you beat the dustpan, fleas and ticks will not dare to get on the kang." Use lime to surround the toilet and the door with a line, which is called pest control. In Luliang area, it is customary for every family to clean their houses. In the northern Shanxi region, people pay attention to "pasting the wolf's mouth", using sesame candy or millet dough to paste it on the mouth of Erlang Shen's barking dog.
4. The Northwest "Pine Pear Festival" is held on February 2nd. In the northwest, Min County, Gansu and other places have the habit of eating fried beans, which means the beginning of spring every year. On February 2nd in Min County, those who come to the Langhui Festival People buy big yellow pears and take them home to honor the elderly, so the "February 2" temple fair is also called the "Pine Pear Fair".
5. There are two popular sayings about eating popcorn in Shaanxi. One is that you must eat fried beans. On February 2, in the countryside, every household in the countryside will have popcorn, fried beans, and fried chess pieces. Beans, beans are eaten by people at home, and some of them are left for relatives. Eating fried beans is also called "biting the worm", which is also known as "biting the worm, the tooth does not hurt". Every year on the second day of the second lunar month, people in Huayin, Shaanxi, cut the cakes offered to gods, such as scorpions and scorpion tails, into pieces, dry them in a pot, and let children eat them. They think this is good for children. There are benefits. 2. Haircuts are auspicious. "On February 2nd, the dragon raises its head." People in Shaanxi believe that it is auspicious to get a haircut on February 2nd. They shave boys' heads on February 2nd so that they can be as relaxed as a donkey taking off its saddle. , Live happily.
6. Northeast China On February 2, in the Northeast, Jilin, Liaoning, Heilongjiang, and northeastern Inner Mongolia, people eat pig head meat, get haircuts, and set off firecrackers.
7. Hebei. On February 2nd in Hebei, there is a custom in rural areas of getting up early to carry dragon eggs. Before dawn, the male host uses a bucket to fetch water from the well in the village. It is said that there will be dragon eggs in the well on February 2nd, and he will carry them home. In order to wish for good weather and good luck, there is also the custom of frying and eating Mahua at home on February 2nd.
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