Drugs for renal damage can be generally classified into the following three categories: ① Plant Chinese medicines, such as Akebia Akebia, Magnolia Officinalis, Stephania Tetrandra, Alisma orientalis, Bupleurum, Kusnezoff monkshood, Daphne genkwa, Kansui, Croton Croton, Aloe, Sophora flavescens, Tripterygium Wilfordii, Leonurus japonicus, Fructus quisqualis, Cortex Meliae, Fructus Xanthii, Petunia, Aristolochia, Trichosanthis, Schizonepeta, etc. ② Animal traditional Chinese medicine: such as fish gall, snake gall, Mylabris, centipede, hippocampus, red lady, etc. (3) Mineral Chinese medicines: such as arsenic (such as realgar, arsenic, arsenite and alum); Mercury (cinnabar, calomel, mercuric chloride); Lead (lead) and other mineral alum, etc. Among them, the common Chinese medicines that can cause kidney damage are:

(1) Tripterygium wilfordii preparations widely used in clinic include Tripterygium wilfordii tablets and Tripterygium wilfordii polyglycoside tablets, and similar drugs include Huohuohuagen tablets and Kunming Haitang tablets. Although the toxicity of tripterygium wilfordii polyglycoside is small, it also has liver and kidney damage, and even causes acute kidney damage. Tripterygium wilfordii is second only to aristolochic acid in the reports of renal damage caused by Chinese herbal medicines. The main manifestation of renal damage caused by tripterygium wilfordii is acute renal failure, which generally appears in the second to fifth week after taking the medicine. After taking the medicine, oliguria, edema, hematuria, proteinuria, tubular urine, low back pain or percussion pain in the renal area appear rapidly or gradually, and serum creatinine and urea nitrogen increase significantly. Individual cases reported diabetes insipidus caused by tripterygium wilfordii tablets, which were cured after stopping using tripterygium wilfordii tablets. Chronic nephrotoxicity is manifested as low back pain, oliguria, hematuria, proteinuria, tubular urine and renal function damage. Because most users of tripterygium wilfordii have kidney diseases or diseases that can cause kidney damage, when renal function damage occurs, it is easy to be considered as the progress of the primary disease, and many cases are not followed up, so the actual incidence rate may be even higher. It is worth noting that the efficacy and toxicity of tripterygium wilfordii preparations from different sources vary greatly.

(2) Bile gall poisoning Fish bile contains bile toxins, which can cause extensive necrosis of cells in liver, kidney and brain, and often cause multiple organ damage or failure.

(3) Mylabris is a toxic insect traditional Chinese medicine, which has been widely used in anti-cancer in recent years. Mylabris contains cantharidin, and it has been reported that it can be poisoned by taking1.5g, suggesting that Mylabris has strong nephrotoxicity. The main manifestations of Mylabris kidney damage are low back pain, hematuria, proteinuria, tubular urine, anuria, acute renal failure and even death.

(4) Others: For example, Xanthium sibiricum can damage cells such as kidney, liver and heart, and increase the fragility of capillaries. Cottonseed contains cottonseed oleic acid, which is a cytoplasmic toxin, which can make liver and kidney parenchyma cells turbid and swollen, and cause organ dysfunction such as liver and kidney. There are also many reports of renal failure caused by motherwort.