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What are the differences in the metabolism of fructose, glucose, sucrose and starch in the body? Why fructose is relatively harmful?
Fructose is the sweetest natural sugar, and its sweetness is 1.73 times that of sucrose. Widely used in food processing and other fields, it is famous for its good taste, high sweetness and low glycemic index, and once won the reputation of "healthy sugar". Do we eat fructose every day? Of course. Natural fructose mainly exists in fruits and honey;

Fructose content in common fruits and honey per 100g, while artificial fructose is often made from corn, which has the characteristics of high sweetness, easy storage and low cost, and is often used in sweet processed foods such as juice, sweet drinks, candy and bread.

Fructose is not easily decomposed and polymerized by microorganisms in the mouth, so the probability of tooth decay after eating it is much smaller than that of natural sugar such as glucose or sucrose.

No matter fructose, glucose, sucrose or starch, their energy content is the same, which is 4 kilocalories per gram. Although fructose is not easy to raise blood sugar, it can still synthesize fat in the liver, leading to an increase in blood lipid and even visceral fat, which is not helpful to control obesity.

Glucose can induce the body to secrete insulin and leptin. These two hormones have the function of "satiety signal", which can make people feel full more easily and reduce eating. Fructose does not have this ability, so people will not feel full, so they will eat more.

Many people think that eating fructose will not cause a sharp rise in blood sugar, so it is safe for diabetic patients. The low glycemic index of fructose is mainly due to the fact that the metabolic rate of fructose in the body is slower than that of glucose and sucrose, and the metabolism of fructose does not depend on insulin, but directly enters the human intestine and is digested and utilized by the human body. Because of this, fructose was once called "healthy sugar".

However, it is found that fructose can be converted into triglycerides more easily than glucose, and eventually more fat will be produced and accumulated in internal organs. Not only that, long-term intake of large amounts of fructose will also lead to an increase in insulin resistance. Insulin is the key to regulating blood sugar. The increase of insulin resistance means that the sensitivity of insulin to blood sugar changes is reduced, which can lead to diabetes in severe cases.