Organic vegetables refer to vegetables produced in strict accordance with organic production procedures, prohibiting the use of any chemically synthesized pesticides, fertilizers, as well as genetically engineered organisms and their products, but rather follow the laws of nature and the principles of ecology, to take a series of sustainable agricultural technology, coordinated planting balance, containing green food label, to maintain the stability of the agro-ecosystem sustained and through the Organic Food Certification Organization

Organic vegetables are those that have been certified by the Organic Food Certification Organization. p>

Organic vegetables refers to the vegetable production process in strict accordance with the organic production procedures, prohibit the use of any chemically synthesized pesticides, fertilizers, as well as genetically engineered organisms and their products, but follow the laws of nature and the principles of ecology, to take a series of sustainable agricultural technology, coordinated planting balance, containing green food label, to maintain the stability of agro-ecosystems continue to be and through the organic food certification bodies Identification and certification, and the issuance of organic food certificate of vegetable products.

Organic vegetables

Organic vegetables in the entire production process must be carried out in accordance with the production methods of organic agriculture, that is, in the entire production process must strictly follow the technical standards for the production of organic food, that is, the production process is completely free of pesticides, chemical fertilizers, growth regulators and other chemical substances, not the use of genetically modified engineering technology, and at the same time must be through an independent organic food Certification body of the whole process of quality control and review. Therefore, the production of organic vegetables must be in accordance with the quality requirements of the production environment of organic food and the production of technical specifications to ensure that it is pollution-free, nutrient-rich and high-quality characteristics.

Organic agriculture is a concept, from the value of vegetables, fruits, livestock and poultry eggs, there is no difference, just the use of chemical pesticides and fertilizers have a difference in the content of heavy metals, and toxins may have a difference, with the deterioration of the global environment, the expectations of people on the organic food and hope for more and more enthusiastic, the counterfeiters are also becoming more and more rampant. 2011, the National Standards Committee introduced China's 2005 organic standards since the introduction of the new standard. But the key to the core is the honesty and trust of producers and consumers, some even if the certification to seek a moment of profit is also illegal to seek defects, such as the CCTV focus interviews exposure of the Feicheng spinach incident. Sad, chilling, so that the public chills.

Relationship with organic agriculture

"Everyone grows" organic agriculture is to follow the laws of nature and the principles of ecology, coordinated planting and breeding balance, using a series of sustainable agricultural technology, promote biodiversity emphasizes "harmony with the natural order. Organic agriculture is one of the good ways to solve the problem of food safety. Since the 1920s European countries first put forward, after decades of practice and development, gradually by the attention of governments, organic food has become a fashionable consumption of people in developed countries in the West. China's 1994 establishment of the "State Environmental Protection Administration Organic Food Development Center", more than a decade of rapid development of organic agriculture.

Organic vegetables are part of organic agriculture, must be certified by the national specialized agencies, according to the principles of organic agriculture absorbed thousands of years of traditional agriculture, combined with the characteristics of the vegetable crops themselves, emphasizing the farming principles of the place and the time and the material, the entire production process prohibits the use of synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, hormones, and genetically modified products, natural materials and and environmentally friendly farming methods, the use of natural materials. Environmentally friendly farming methods, to restore the natural cycle and balance of material and energy in the horticultural production system, through the selection of crop species and varieties, crop rotation, intercropping sets of crops, recreational water resource management and cultivation methods supporting the application of the ecological environment, to create human beings to enjoy all things ****.

Therefore, the cultivation of organic vegetables requires more labor and more intensive technology, intensive cultivation, with a large amount of work, low yield, but organic vegetables away from pollution, high quality, with natural color. Organic vegetable production base is very few, not many products, organic vegetables have become a gift vegetable demand for fashion.

Market Outlook

With the modern requirements for food safety is getting higher and higher, no pollution, no chemical fertilizer and pesticide residues of organic vegetables by more people love. Organic food is known as the "sunrise industry", has a broad market. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations published a report analysis shows that in the past 10 years, in some countries on the market, organic agricultural products sales annual growth rate of more than 20%. This is in sharp contrast to the stagnation of some conventional food markets.

Organic vegetables are grown in a safe and natural production method that promotes and maintains ecological balance well. Organic vegetables are free of chemical residues, have a good taste and have been proven to be more nutritious than ordinary vegetables. There is a growing demand for safe food, and the prospects for the domestic market are very optimistic.

But it is worth noting that the average price of organic vegetables is 4-5 times higher than the general vegetables, can not universally on the public table, so we should pay close attention to the market, cautious, organic vegetables is the trend, but it takes time.

Organic vegetables bring more than just the price of selling out, more in order to be able to make more agricultural households **** with the construction of a vegetable, koi farming, agricultural tourism, a large-scale agricultural farming base, to drive more agricultural households to get rich.

Organic vegetables in foreign countries have long been into the common people's homes, Japan's organic vegetables up to 80% of the popularity of the United States, and the popularity of the United States is even higher, while in China the popularity of organic vegetables is less pathetic, because of its is a multitude of factors, with the improvement of the standard of living of the Chinese people, organic vegetables will be more and more favored by the people in China, organic vegetables in the great prevalence of the marquis, the market will also be a mixed bag. The market will also be mixed, some speculators without conscience will also penetrate them, but also to some counterfeiters to provide an opportunity to take advantage of. China's organic vegetable road is long, there are many difficulties need to overcome, there are many obstacles to be cleared, China vegetable garden network chief operating officer Mr. Du Yongchun pointed out that: China's organic vegetable market is very large, the Chinese people are also slowly on the organic products to produce a good sense of the food is now really the most national headache, what a mess of all the harmful and toxic, some lucrative businessmen try to find ways to eat things adulterated with the wrong kind of food, and some of them will not be able to find a way to get a good deal of food, but also to provide some counterfeiters with opportunities. The food is laced with things that shouldn't be laced.

Agricultural equipment management

Organic vegetable production on the management of agricultural equipment to develop some standards, there are special people in charge of the machine cleaning, maintenance, overhaul and other systems. Give you an introduction to China's organic vegetable production in the common use of several biopesticide products, to understand the different pesticides to deal with a variety of organic vegetable diseases and insects, the production of organic vegetables farmers to provide help.

1, by the XXX director is responsible for arranging the supervision of workers on the operation of the vegetable garden machinery and apparatus for cleaning, maintenance and management.

2. Bamboo baskets and other agricultural implements used in the vegetable garden will be inspected by the XXX field manager before and after each use.

3. Before picking and digging trenches for fertilizer in the vegetable garden, xxx organizes the personnel to use the well water of the park for cleaning without using any other substances, removes the attached soil and dirt or residue left after previous use, and uniformly distributes them to the production workers.

4. All farm tools in the park are specialized for organic production and are placed in the special warehouse for organic farm tools after each completion.

5, Qiang Qiaolin is responsible for the maintenance of agricultural tools, cleaning process to be recorded.

Nutritional value

The Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, sponsored by the American Chemical Society, has published the results of a recent study: flavonoid levels in vegetables grown in organic fields increase exponentially. After more than a decade of research, Alison Mitchell and coworkers compared the levels of key flavonoids in tomatoes from two test plots under identical growing conditions. The results were significantly higher levels of flavonoids in the organic test field tomato samples, while there was little significant change in the flavonoid levels of the samples in the test field under conventional farming conditions. Moreover, the data showed that flavonoid levels were positively related to the amount of organic matter accumulated in the soil and inversely related to the level of chemical fertilizer use.

It is understood that flavonoids are a kind of natural organic compounds widely found in plants, and are also the active ingredients of many Chinese herbal medicines. It has the effect of lowering blood pressure, lowering blood lipids, preventing thrombosis, preventing and controlling cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, enhancing immunity, lowering vascular fragility, and improving cardiovascular and cerebrovascular blood circulation. The latest scientific research confirms that flavonoids can effectively prevent cancer, heart disease and other age-related diseases.

Scientists believe that flavonoids are newly discovered essential natural nutrients that have a wide range of effects on human health due to their small molecular weight and easy absorption by the body. However, due to fast metabolism, they do not accumulate in the body and need to be replenished frequently. And the human body itself can not synthesize flavonoids, must be obtained from food, food sources are grains, vegetables, fruits, fruit juice, tea and so on. Therefore, organic tomatoes rich in multiple flavonoids have more reason to become people's choice of consumption.

Organic vegetables are characterized by the fact that they are not sprayed with any pesticides and are grown by professionals according to the ecological principles of natural laws, which are very beneficial to human health. So the stars for better health will choose organic vegetables, many celebrities slimming method is the daily dietary routine three meals a day are organic vegetables, can not eat other foods, drink beauty and skin care juice, such as carrot juice, lemon juice, tomato juice.

Cultivation techniques

Because the cultivation of organic vegetables does not allow the use of synthetic pesticides, fertilizers, herbicides, growth regulators, etc., it is inevitable that the cultivation of pests and weeds and fertilization techniques put forward different requirements than conventional vegetables.

(I) production base

1, base integrity: the base of the land should be a complete parcel of land, which can not be sandwiched between the conventional production of plots, but allows the existence of organic conversion of plots; organic vegetable production bases and conventional plots of land at the junction of the must have obvious markers, such as rivers, hills, artificially set up isolation zones and so on.

2, there must be a conversion period: from the conventional production system to organic production conversion usually takes 2 years, after which the sowing of vegetables harvested as organic products; perennial vegetables in the harvest before the need to go through 3 years of conversion time to become organic crops. The start of the conversion period is calculated from the date of application to the certification body for certification, and producers must operate in full compliance with organic production requirements during the conversion period. Vegetables grown in fields after 1 year of organic conversion can be sold as organic conversion crops.

(1) conversion principles: in the conventional agricultural production to organic agricultural production conversion process, there is no universal concept and fixed mode, the key is to comply with the basic principles of organic agriculture. The conversion of organic agriculture is not only to give up the use of chemical fertilizers, synthetic pesticides and stop buying feed from the outside world, it is important to condition the entire ecosystem into a closed as far as possible, the balanced development of the various parts of the system, a stable cyclic movement system.

(2) Conversion content

①Develop a crop rotation system to increase soil fertility.

②Develop a fertilizer program for a continuous supply system.

3 and the development of a rational approach to fertilizer management and organic food production supporting technical measures and management measures.

④Create a good production environment to reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases, and develop plans and measures to carry out agricultural, biological and physical control.

3, the establishment of buffer zones: If there are plots in the organic vegetable production base that are likely to be affected by the pollution of neighboring conventional plots, buffer zones or physical barriers must be set up between the organic and conventional plots to ensure that the organic plots are not contaminated. Different certification bodies have different requirements for the length of the barrier, such as China's OFDC certification body requires 8 meters, the German BCS certification body requires 10 meters.

(II) Cultivation management

1, variety selection should be used: seeds and seedlings, in the absence of access to certified organic vegetable seeds and seedlings (such as in the initial stage of organic cultivation), can be used without the treatment of banned substances of conventional seeds. Vegetable species and varieties that are adapted to local soil and climatic characteristics and are resistant to pests and diseases should be selected, and due consideration should be given to the conservation of crop genetic diversity in the selection of varieties. The use of any genetically modified seeds is prohibited.

2. Crop rotation and clean field: organic bases should use at least 3 crops, including leguminous crops or green manure, for crop rotation; in areas where only 1 crop of vegetables can be grown in a year, crop rotation of two crops, including leguminous crops, is allowed. After the previous crop of vegetables is harvested, the base is thoroughly cleaned and cleaned, and all the disease residues are transported out of the base to be destroyed or buried y in order to reduce the disease base.

3, supporting cultivation technology: through the cultivation of strong seedlings, grafting for root, ridge cultivation, mulching, reasonable dense planting, plant adjustment and other technologies, the full use of light, heat, gas and other conditions, to create an environment conducive to the growth of vegetables, in order to achieve high-yield and efficient purpose.

(C) fertilizer use

Organic vegetable production is fundamentally different from conventional vegetable production is the difference between pests and weeds and fertilizer use, and its requirements are higher than conventional vegetable production.

1, fertilizer technology: only allowed to use organic fertilizer and planting green manure. General use of homemade rotting organic fertilizer or the use of certified, allowed in organic vegetable production on the use of some fertilizer manufacturers to produce pure organic fertilizers, such as chicken manure, pig manure as the raw material of organic fertilizers. When using your own composted or composted organic fertilizers, they must be well rotted. Organic fertilizers with low nutrient content, the dosage should be sufficient to ensure that there is a sufficient supply of nutrients, otherwise, organic vegetables will show symptoms of lack of fertilizer, growth retardation, affecting yield. For the shortcomings of organic fertilizers in the early stages of the slow release of effective nutrients, you can use the permitted use of certain microorganisms, such as rhizobium with nitrogen fixation, phosphorus solubilization, potassium solubilization, rhizobium, bacillus, photosynthesis bacteria and phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria, etc., after the activities of these beneficial bacteria to accelerate the release of nutrients nutrient accumulation, and to promote effective use of nutrients in organic vegetables.

2, fertilizer technology: green manure has nitrogen fixation, planting green manure can get richer source of nitrogen, and can improve soil organic matter content. General production of 2000kg per green manure, according to the nitrogen content of 0.3% 0.4%, fixed nitrogen is 68kg. often planted green manure are: purple daffodil, camelina, alfalfa, artemisia, orchid seeds, arrow bitter pea, white flower grass mignonette and other more than 50 green varieties.

3, the types of fertilizers allowed to use: organic fertilizers, including animal manure and residues, plant composting fertilizers, green manure, grass ash, cake fertilizer, etc.; minerals, including potash powder, phosphorus powder, calcium chloride and other substances; in addition to organic certification bodies certified organic special fertilizers and some microbial fertilizers.

4, the harmless treatment of fertilizers: organic fertilizers in the application of 2 months before the need for harmless treatment, the fertilizer will be splashed with water mixed with wet, stacked, covered with plastic film, so that it is fully fermented and ripe. Fermentation period within the heap temperature of up to 60 ℃ or more, can effectively kill the farmyard manure with pests and weeds, and the treated fertilizer is easy to be absorbed by the vegetable use.

5, the use of fertilizer

(1) the amount of fertilizer: organic vegetable cultivation of land in the use of fertilizers, should be done to planting vegetables and fertilization of the ground simultaneously. Use of animal and plant fertilizer should be mastered in the ratio of 1:1 is good. Generally 3000-4000 kg of organic fertilizer per mu, and 100 kg of organic special fertilizer applied posthumously.

(2) adequate bottom fertilizer: 80% of the total amount of fertilizer applied as a bottom fertilizer, combined with plowing the fertilizer evenly mixed into the tillage layer, in order to facilitate root absorption.

(3) skillfully applied fertilizer: for planting density, root system shallow vegetables can be used to spread fertilizer fertilizer, when the vegetables grow to 3-4 leaves, will be dried and fine fertilizer evenly spread to the vegetable field, and timely watering. For planting row spacing, the root system is more concentrated vegetables, you can open the furrow strip fertilizer, open the furrow do not break the root system, cover with soil and water in a timely manner. For the planting of vegetables with a large distance between the rows, can be used to open the hole fertilizer.

(D) pests and weeds

1, agricultural measures

(1) choose suitable types and varieties of vegetables: in many vegetables, vegetables with a special flavor, pests occur less. Such as leeks, garlic, onions, lettuce, celery, carrots, etc.; hairy beans in the organic vegetables is more choice. After the type of vegetables to determine, select the varieties of disease and insect resistance is very important.

(2) Reasonable crop rotation: vegetable land will produce obstacles, exacerbate the occurrence of pests and diseases. Organic vegetable production can be implemented in the water and drought crop rotation, which will change the ecological environment and disrupt the microclimate pattern of pests and diseases, reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases and harm.

(3) scientific management: in the high water table, rainfall more areas, the implementation of deep ditch raised beds, conducive to drainage and irrigation, to maintain proper soil and air humidity. General disease spore germination first depends on moisture conditions, in the facility cultivation is combined with timely ventilation, control of wet temperature in the facility, to create a wet temperature environment not conducive to the occurrence of pests and diseases, to prevent and mitigate disease has a better role. In addition, timely removal of fallen buds, fallen flowers, fallen fruits, stumps and weeds, cleaning the field, eliminating intermediate hosts of pests and diseases and sources of infestation, etc., is also an important aspect.

2, biological and physical control: organic vegetable cultivation is the use of natural enemies of pests for pest predation and control. Pests can also use the pests inherent light, taste to kill pests. One of the more widely used pheromone sex lure, black light trap moth pests, the use of yellow boards to trap aphids and other methods to achieve the killing of pests, to protect the role of beneficial insects.

3, the use of minerals and botanical agents for prevention and control: sulfur, lime, stone sulfide bordeaux solution can be used to control diseases and insects. Plants that can be used for organic vegetable production are pyrethrum, fritillaria, garlic, mint, neem and so on. For example, use neem oil 2000~3000 times liquid to control leaf miner fly, and use aythu 30g/L (fresh weight) to control aphids and mites.

4, weed control: generally use artificial weeding to remove in time, but also can use black mulch cover to inhibit weed growth. In the use of organic fertilizer containing weeds, it is necessary to make it completely rotted, thus killing the weed seeds and reducing the number of weed seeds brought into the vegetable field. Weeds are controlled through the use of cultivation techniques that limit weed growth and development (e.g., crop rotation, planting green manure, fallow, etc.); the use of straw mulching for weed control is provided; mechanical and electric weed control is allowed; and the use of genetically engineered products and chemical herbicides for weed control is prohibited.

Harmless vegetables

Organic vegetables, also known as ecological vegetables, are vegetables that come from organic agricultural production systems, are produced according to international production technology standards for organic agriculture, and are certified by an independent organic food certification body to allow the use of organic food labels. Organic vegetables in the entire production process must be in accordance with the production methods of organic agriculture, that is, in the entire production process must strictly follow the technical standards of organic food production.

Pollution-free vegetables are not the same as organic vegetables, there are many people to confuse the two, in fact, organic vegetables and pollution-free vegetables are clean vegetables, but they have the same place, there are not the same place.

1, the same point

The two production base (i.e., the environment) have not been damaged, water (irrigation water), soil (soil), gas (air) is not polluted. Secondly, the post-production of both (including post-harvest washing, finishing, packaging, processing, transportation, storage, sales, etc.) have not been subjected to secondary pollution.

2, the difference

Organic vegetables in the production process does not use chemical fertilizers, pesticides, growth regulators and other chemical substances, do not use genetic engineering technology, but also must be an independent organic food certification body of the whole process of quality control and review, allowing the use of organic fertilizers, mainly used for base fertilizer. Instead of using chemical pesticides, insect nets or bio-pesticides and other non-chemical means are used to control pests and diseases. And pollution-free vegetables is no or little use of chemical fertilizers and chemical pesticides, the residues of its products were measured in the national regulations within the scope of the so-called green pollution-free vegetables.

So, organic vegetables and pollution-free vegetables have the same place, there are also different places. Organic vegetables are also pollution-free vegetables, while pollution-free vegetables are not necessarily organic vegetables.

3, organic vegetables and pollution-free vegetables and the difference between green vegetables

Vegetable classification chemical pesticides fertilizers use of growth regulators organic vegetables prohibited the use of prohibited the use of prohibited the use of green vegetables to restrict the use of restricted use restricted use of pollution-free vegetables to limit the use of restricted use not to limit the use of

Table: Organic Vegetables, Hazard-Free Vegetables and Green Vegetables Difference

Nutritional advantages

Organic vegetables are known as "pure and pure" food, from the base to production, from processing to market, there are very strict requirements. Organic vegetables from production to processing of many processes absolutely prohibit the use of pesticides, chemical fertilizers, hormones, genetically modified and other synthetic substances. Strict production, quality control and management systems must be established in the production and processing of organic vegetables. Compared with other vegetables, organic vegetables in the entire production, processing and consumption process more emphasis on environmental safety, highlighting the sustainable and coordinated development of mankind, nature and society.

Shopping to identify

1, look at the certification: buy organic vegetables, pay attention to the certification mark on the package, one of China's most authoritative organic food certification body is the State Environmental Protection Administration Organic Food Development Center (OFDC). In China, organic food in the certification method combines field inspection certification and product sampling and testing. The certification of organic food focuses on real records of farming operations and records of purchase and application of production materials, etc. Since July 1, 2012 the organic packaged food series produced have traceability codes.

2, recognize the store: buy organic vegetables to choose a formal store. Consumers can go to the organic food store or regular supermarkets to buy, because the market vendors of vegetable sources often change, and is not stable. If you do not know much about organic vegetables, it is recommended that you go to a reputable organic food store to buy. Supermarkets are also good choices, and sometimes they are cheaper than organic food stores because they buy in bulk.

3, look at the packaging: buy organic vegetables should pay attention to whether the bag is clearly labeled producer and verification unit of the relevant information (name, address, telephone) and so on, you can rely on this information to the relevant website or the relevant departments to query.

4, taste texture: organic vegetables eat crisp, it gives you the feeling is fresh, even after cooking, there will still be a different feeling, this texture is not vegetables can be manufactured after treatment.

Development status

Related information on organic vegetables do not use pesticides, chemical fertilizers, planting requirements are very strict. Eat at ease, but also anti-cancer. For several years in a row, some people began to buy organic vegetables, but because of the price of the consumer population is small, the purchase volume is also relatively low. Although organic vegetables have some fixed consumer groups, but the high price is an indisputable fact, even in the Spring Festival consumer season is not warm, can not cause more people to buy desire.

1, it is difficult to distinguish: many consumers said that the wide range of commodities on the "green", "organic", "pollution-free" signs make it difficult for consumers to distinguish. In January 2007, the Weekly Quality Report reported that a company in Shenyang, without the permission of the national statutory bodies, using the green food logo of other companies to sell vegetables, with ordinary vegetables to fake green vegetables, into a dozen large supermarkets in Shenyang. It is true that there are still loopholes in the identification of organic vegetables, and if the supplier is short of supplies for a while, it cannot be ruled out that it may put organic labels on pollution-free vegetables.

2, difficult to accept: ordinary cucumbers a catty 2 yuan, organic cucumbers a catty 7 ~ 9 yuan; ordinary tomatoes a catty 2.50 yuan, organic vegetables are sold to 6 ~ 7 yuan. In many supermarkets and stores of organic vegetables counter, look at the people far more than buy people, many people still can not accept the staggeringly high prices. Organic vegetables to maintain 3 ~ 5 times the ordinary vegetables, is a high investment or bluff? Agribusiness Group's largest vegetable base Starry Vegetable Co., Ltd., technical experts Chen Zhigui said, just apply to become an organic vegetable base has many requirements, such as 3 years may not use chemical pesticides, fertilizers and other prohibited substances, etc., the pre-water purification of a minimum of 300,000 yuan per acre, and hoeing, killing, catching insects, and other processes in order to avoid contamination must be manually, the labor fee is a considerable expenditure, plus the annual organic Certification fee of 10,000 yuan, as well as agricultural pests and diseases, grass shortage and other risks. In fact, it is difficult to make money on organic vegetables, can grow good vegetables have chosen the export industry, after all, its profits are 3 to 5 times the domestic, and inputs do not need to be so big.

3, difficult to scale: whether the scale can make the price of organic vegetables down? Organic vegetable brands are few and far between, according to experts Yu Fanmin, international organic vegetables accounted for 3% to 5% of the total area of vegetables, according to this ratio, 500,000 acres of vegetables in the area of organic vegetables can be developed to 1.5 to 20,000 acres, and the fact that this 500,000 acres of vegetable area in the area of organic vegetables, even 3,000 acres are less than. Growing organic vegetables less profitable investment, most domestic producers choose to give up, rather than large-scale operation. Many industry insiders pointed out that organic vegetables is the trend, but it takes time.