Quasipaa spinosa is a national second-level protected animal
The standard name of Quasipaa spinosa is thorn-breasted frog, also known as stone clam, stone chicken, pheasant, stone jelly, and flying fish. , stone scales, stone toad, stone shrimp toad, stone pit frog, stone chaos, wood locust (southern Sichuan), etc., is an animal in the family Amphibians and the order Anuraidae.
Morphological characteristics
(1) External morphology of the adult frog
Head view of the stone frog
Head view of the stone frog
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The stone frog is large and stout, with an adult body length of 10-13 cm, and some individuals can reach 15 cm. Its body shape is similar to a black-spotted frog or a tiger-striped frog, with different body colors; for example, some stone frogs have a black back with a white midline on the black back. In addition, there are also different types such as brown, yellow, dark red, and flower colors. The body can be divided into head, trunk and limbs, and the neck is not obvious.
1. Head: The adult frog has a flat and broad head, the tip of the snout is blunt and rounded, protruding from the lower jaw, the snout is not prominent, the cheeks are tilted outward, the mouth is located at the front of the head, and the mouth is cleft to the back of the eyes. , the eyes are oval-shaped, located at the highest point of the head, with a broad field of vision, making it easy to observe distant, close, or moving objects. They have upper and lower eyelids. There is a folded transparent film on the inside of the lower eyelid, called the nictitating membrane, which is reddish-brown and can It floats up and down to protect the eyeball. The tympanic membrane of the stone frog is not obvious. There is only a longitudinal temporal fold behind the eye. There is no external ear, but there is a middle ear cavity. The hearing is sensitive. A pair of nostrils is between the snout and the eye. The distance between the nose and the The distance between the eyes is almost equal, and the inner part is the nasal cavity, which is connected with the internal nostrils and the oropharyngeal cavity. It is the passage for the frog to breathe air. There are special valves on the external nostrils, which play an important role in breathing.
2. Trunk: The trunk of the stone frog is short, flat, tailless, and the neck is not obvious. The rear end of the trunk is a cloaca. There are hypertrophied limbs on both sides of the trunk. The forelimbs are short and strong. , consisting of the upper arm, lower hip, wrist, palm, and four fingers, which are separated. There are no webs between the fingers. The tips of the fingers are round, slightly enlarged, with well-developed subarticular tumors, especially the first finger. The hind limbs are strong, long and hypertrophic, with plump muscles. They are composed of femoral tibia, tarsus, metatarsal and five toes. The front of the tibial attachment joint reaches the eye. The toes are swollen into obvious spherical shapes, with well-developed toe tumors, which are suitable for climbing rough walls. There are webs between the toes. There are small round head warts on the back of the limbs and sides of the body, and there are black spines on the warts;
Male The forelimbs of the frog are special. There are long and narrow warts of different lengths on the back, which are arranged intermittently in rows with small round warts in between. After sexual maturity, there are black spiny processes on the entire chest. The fleshy warts at the base are strong and raised, but they are not divided into two groups. There are also spinous processes on the inner side of the fingers, and there is a single subpharyngeal internal vocal sac. The abdomen is light yellow and white. The female forelimbs are not as developed as the males. There are no narrow long warts on the back, but they are scattered round warts. There are no spinous spinous processes on the chest, and the ventral surface is smooth and white. Commercial frog Stone Frog
(2) Internal structure of adult frog
Stone frog is the same as other vertebrates. Its internal structure includes digestion, respiration, circulation, bones, muscles, and nerves. There are ten major organ systems including , reproduction, and excretion. Here we will introduce several systems related to feeding.
1. Digestive system: The digestive system of stone frogs includes the digestive tract and digestive glands. The digestive tract includes the mouth, oropharyngeal cavity, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and cloaca. The mouth has muscular The tongue and salivary glands that secrete mucus are used for swallowing and moistening food. The tongue is yellow-white in color and has a simple structure. The base of the tongue is located at the front of the mandible. The tip of the tongue is bifurcated. It usually faces the pharynx. It is free and can be stretched and rolled freely. The tongue surface The inner wall of the mouth is covered with a layer of mucosal cells, which have the functions of swallowing and taste. There is a row of teeth beside the maxilla and premaxilla that can grasp food but have no actual chewing function. The back end of the pharynx is the esophagus, which is very short. On the back of the throat, in the midline of the body, the lower end of the esophagus opens to the stomach. The stomach is located on the right side of the chest and abdomen. It is slightly curved like a bag and has a thick muscle layer. The intersection of the stomach and the small intestine is called the pylorus. The small intestine is divided into the duodenum and the long intestine, which folds back several times to the large intestine. The large intestine is located on the midline of the body. The large intestine, also called the rectum, is slightly larger and straighter than the small intestine, and opens into the cloaca.
The digestive glands of frogs include gastric glands, liver, pancreas, gallbladder, etc. The liver is larger, reddish brown, located at the front of the thorax and abdomen, and is divided into left and right lobes and a smaller middle lobe. The left lobe is further divided into There are two unopened front and back lobes. The gallbladder is located between the left and right lobes. It is yellow-green, approximately round, and stores bile. The bile is input into the digestive tract through the bile duct. The pancreas is located at the bend of the duodenum and is irregular. There are light red or yellowish-white glands, and the pancreatic duct flows into the bile duct between the gastrointestinal tract.
Digested proteins are digested in the stomach under the action of hydrochloric acid and pepsin. Fats, carbohydrates, and fats are digested and absorbed in the small intestine under the action of gastric juice, pancreatic juice, bile, and peptone enzymes. Food residues are digested in the cloaca. discharge.
2. Respiratory system: Adult frogs breathe through the lungs and skin; lung breathing, the organs include the nostrils, nasal cavity, oropharyngeal cavity, larynx, trachea, lungs, air enters the external nostrils and then passes through the internal nostrils to the oropharynx A small amount of gas is exchanged by the oropharyngeal mucosa, and most of the gas reaches the lungs through the trachea. The lungs are short and sac-shaped, with a simple structure. There is a large alveolus inside, and the surface is connected by many small alveoli. There are rich capillaries. , The inner wall of the alveoli is filled with honeycomb tissue, and gas is exchanged within the alveoli.
Because stone frogs have no ribs and thorax, lung breathing is completed by a special swallowing breathing method.
Due to the simple structure of frog lungs, the gas exchange in the lungs cannot meet the needs of the whole body metabolism, and one-third of the gas exchange has to be borne by the skin. It can be seen that the skin respiration of frogs is very important. The role of; the skin of stone frogs is composed of epidermis and dermis. The epidermis is highly keratinized and can better prevent the loss of water in the body. The dermis contains rich blood vessels and developed lymphatic spaces, which can carry out gas exchange. The skin respiratory function is composed of For this reason, in order to allow normal breathing, the frog's skin needs to be kept moist. In addition to secreting mucus, under normal circumstances, stone frogs always have to live in humid areas. This is the reason why.
3. Muscle system: The muscles of the stone frog constitute the body wall, limbs and various organs, and make these organs move. According to their structure, the muscles can be divided into three types of striated muscle: striated muscle, smooth muscle and cardiac muscle. Strong, easy to fatigue, mostly attached to bones, limbs, and body walls. Smooth muscles can move for a long time and have extremely strong contractility. They mainly constitute the internal organs. According to their parts in adult frogs, the muscles can be divided into head muscles, trunk muscles, and limbs muscles. The muscles of the body are the most developed, among which the muscles of the limbs are the most developed.
4. Reproductive system: Stone frogs are sexually dimorphic, undergo in vitro fertilization, and have no external genitalia. The male gonads are a pair of oval, light yellow testicles, the size of which varies between individuals and seasons. They are located on the dorsal side of the abdominal cavity. , below the kidneys, the sperm produced by the testicles travel through the vas deferens to the kidneys, ureters, and cloaca. In front of each testicle is a golden branched, finger-shaped fat body that provides nutrition and energy to the sperm during dormancy and reproduction, and the size also changes accordingly. The female frog's gonads are a pair of multi-leaf cystic ovaries located in the abdominal cavity, ventral to the front end of the kidneys. Their size varies with the season, and they swell during the reproductive season. They contain many yellow-black spherical eggs. The mature eggs are free from the abdominal cavity and enter the bell mouth of the fallopian tube. It reaches the fallopian tube, and at the same time, the egg is coated with the gelatinous substance secreted by the fallopian tube glands, and then passes through the uterus, and the cloaca is discharged from the body. There is also a pair of golden fat bodies in the front of the ovary, whose functions are similar to those of male frogs.
(3) Morphological characteristics of tadpoles
In the tadpole stage, the stone frog has a long body, a thick tail, dark yellow skin color, and small black stars, connecting the body and tail. There is a black "V" pattern on the part of the body. The snout of the tadpole has a strong adsorption capacity. The tadpole has no lungs and uses its gills to breathe.
The stone frog has a large and sturdy body. Adult frogs are generally 10-13 centimeters long and weigh more than 150-250 grams. Large ones can reach more than 500 grams. The skin of the stone frog is rough, and the skin on the back is dark gray with a lot of oil on it. The head of the stone frog is wide and flat. The snout is rounded and protrudes from the lower jaw. The distance between the two nostrils is almost equal to the distance between the eyes. Male stone frogs of the same age are larger than females. After sexual maturity, male frogs have extremely thick forelimbs and spine-like chests. The flesh is spiny and the abdomen is light yellow. The female chest has no spines and the abdomen is smooth and white. Most stone frogs are dark gray. In January 2015, a golden stone frog was discovered in the Shenxian Valley Tourist Scenic Area in the mountains of western Zhejiang, confirming the existence of the golden stone frog.
The legendary golden frog
Collapse and edit this paragraph Life habits
It lives in mountain streams and puddles or in caves and crevices in southern China. It is accustomed to hiding during the day. Out at night, the main food is insects and their larvae. It hibernates from November to April every year.
Stone frogs climb out of their caves in the evening and look for food and play in the grass on both sides of the mountain stream or on the hillside. They are extremely active. However, its range of activities is generally small. Late at night, it gradually returns to the cave, and is rarely found outside the cave after dawn. During the day, it usually lies at the entrance of the cave, or lurks in the gaps between grass, gravel and stone, waiting for opportunities to capture nearby food. Once you encounter enemies such as water snakes or rats, or when people approach the entrance of the cave, you will quickly retreat into the cave or sink to the bottom of the water.
The activity of stone frogs is closely related to external environmental conditions, and changes in water temperature and water flow have a particularly obvious impact on it. The suitable water temperature is 15~25℃, and the activity is normal; if the water temperature is too low, the activity will be less, growth will stagnate, and hibernation will occur; if the water temperature is too high, abnormalities will occur and even death.
Folding hibernation
Stone frogs hibernate in cold places in winter. They do not eat or move, their eyes are closed, and they do not respond to the outside world. They mainly rely on nutrients stored in the body to perform extreme functions. Weak and slow metabolism. According to observations, hibernation usually begins after frost. During the hibernation season, when the water temperature is higher than 12°C, some stone frogs crouch at the entrance of the cave or jump out of the cave to move around. When hibernating, stone frogs like to live in deep pools in mountain streams or in caves with mud beside streams. Their cold resistance is better than in stone caves.
Folding hatching
The newly hatched tadpoles rely on the yellow sac for nutrition within 4 to 5 days. When the yellow sac is consumed, they start to look for food.
Folding baby food
The food for baby frogs is mainly mosquitoes, small insects and insect larvae.
Fold adult frog food
The food range of live mealworms to the adult frog stage is very wide. 47 adult frogs were dissected and observed, and 57 of them were found in the stomach and intestines. kind. Such as: insects, centipedes, bee spiders, millipedes, snails, snails, shrimps, crabs, miscellaneous fish, loaches, as well as earthworms, young snakes, small birds, etc.
The food of stone frogs is mainly animal-based, with insects and their larvae accounting for the majority (48.38). A small amount of plant residues were found during dissection, which may have been brought in during predation and then eaten accidentally.
Among the 47 adult frogs dissected from May to August 1990, 12 had jejunal stomachs, that is, gastrointestinal fullness level 0, accounting for 25.53%, and 11 had gastrointestinal fullness levels 1 to 3, accounting for 23.4%. , 24 with fullness level 4~5, accounting for 51.06.
Some samples were dissected 1 to 2 days after capture. The food in the original stomach has been digested, so the jejunum accounts for a larger proportion of the stomach. It was revealed through dissection that the stone frog has a larger stomach capacity. Under normal circumstances, a large amount of food is eaten at night and digested and absorbed during the day.
Collapse and edit this section Threats
Although stone frogs have a long history of being eaten and are very precious gifts, they are very harsh on the living environment and are harmful to snakes and birds. As well as natural disasters and large-scale human hunting to the point of extinction, wild stone frog resources are very scarce, and people's demand continues unabated, resulting in a serious contradiction between supply and demand
Collapse edit the purpose of this paragraph
The stone frog is one of the main edible frogs because of its delicious meat, fast growth rate and large size. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that the meat of the stone frog is sweet and salty, enters the lung, stomach and kidney meridian, and has the effect of strengthening the spleen, eliminating accumulation, nourishing and strengthening. It is used to treat symptoms such as indigestion and weakness due to lack of food.
The nutritional composition, medicinal and health-care value of stone frog and its consumption history
(1) The nutritional composition and medicinal and health-care value of stone frog
The stone frog is The edible frog with the highest nutritional content and medicinal health value in my country's traditional diet is rich in high protein, multiple vitamins and minerals. "Compendium of Materia Medica" states that stone frogs are "the best for treating tuberculosis, thinness and malnutrition in children"; "Chinese Medicinal Animals" records that "stone frogs can nourish yin and strengthen, cool and detoxify, replenish yin deficiency, drive away tuberculosis and thinness, resolve sores and It also has various effects on relieving weakness after illness. Its tadpoles can make hair black and its eggs can improve eyesight."
According to the test results of the authoritative department of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the body of the stone frog contains 17 kinds of amino acids, of which the content of 8 kinds of amino acids necessary for the human body is high, and the glutamic acid content reaches 11.9. Modern scientific research has also found that the skin and meat of stone frogs contain bradykinin that can cause the contraction of the uterus in vitro. It can be seen that the nutritional value and medicinal health value of stone frogs cannot be replaced by other animals, and they will continue to be recognized and favored by people.
(2) The history of eating stone frogs
In my country, there is a long history of eating stone frogs. According to historical records, stone frogs, which are praised as "medicinal for resolving sores and eating for longevity", were precious delicacies at royal banquets in ancient palaces, as well as delicacies and game on the dining tables of the scholar-bureaucrats and as gifts. If there is a stone frog delicacy at a banquet in an ordinary people's home, it is enough to show the generosity of the host. The guests are also honored by it and are praised as "a rare stone frog feast".
Although people's food structure has changed in modern society, stone frogs are still highly praised by people for their tender meat, delicious taste and unique nutritional ingredients and medicinal health care value. decline.
Collapse and edit this paragraph Artificial breeding
Collapse method
Stone frog breeding may seem simple (Figure 4), but in fact the success rate is not high. Make first-time adopters suffer a lot. The southern provinces have made many attempts at artificial breeding of stone frogs, but few have been truly successful and achieved significant economic benefits. The main reason is that the growth conditions of stone frogs are relatively special and have high environmental requirements. If their growth patterns are not understood, Understand that it is difficult to breed successfully. Listed below are some rules and experiences that some farmers have summarized during the breeding process.
1. Stone frogs live in flowing water. It often lives in slow-flowing streams or puddles in mountainous areas. The vegetation on both sides of the stream is rich. They rarely leave the water, and their body color often matches the environment in which they live. Secondary sexual characteristics develop toward a strong embrace. Males are large, have extremely thick forelimbs, and have extremely developed nuptial spines. These characteristics are closely related to reproductive characteristics. When laying eggs, the male and female must lay their eggs on the surface impacted by running water. By the stream, the male hugs the female strongly during mating, and uses the spines on the abdomen to strengthen the male's fixation so that they are not washed away by the current. Stone frogs have internal vocal sacs and make loud, low-pitched sounds. The male's call is "coo-coo-coo" and the female responds with a "ka-ka-ka" sound. Stone frogs have the habit of living in groups and foraging at night. Several or dozens of them are often piled together to roost in one place. In a quiet and suitable environment, stone frogs also come out of their holes to look for food during the day, and nighttime is the peak period of activity. . Stone frogs are good at jumping and climbing, and their activities are weak and steady at ordinary times. During the peak breeding period, they are active and have behaviors such as chirping and hugging. Stone frogs like to eat moving animals and generally do not eat dead or immobile food. In their natural state, stone frogs have a wide range of food habits, including insects, centipedes, spiders, millipedes, snails, snails, clams, earthworms, and shrimps. Prey on crabs, miscellaneous fish, loaches, young snakes and small birds. Stone frogs in different regions have different feeding habits due to the different baits that the environment can provide. Stone frogs generally eat 9% of their body weight in nature, sometimes reaching 12.8%. Stone frog (Picture 5) tadpoles: Stone frog tadpoles sometimes feed on aquatic plants near streams or spirogyra at the bottom of the water. They use their horn teeth to gnaw down soft plant tissues and eat them. The species that tadpoles eat include plant-based Cyclotella, filamentous algae, Spirogyra, moss, diatoms, dinoflagellates, hornworts and plant debris; animal-based species include Paramecium, ciliates, water fleas, rotifers, etc. Some people have also found that stone frog tadpoles feed on epiphytes that scrape up rocks in the water, plankton in the water, young plant leaves that fall into the water, or animal carcasses in the stream. Sometimes they also eat the dead of their own kind.
The stone frog is a cold-blooded animal and has no ability to regulate body temperature or maintain heat. Its body temperature changes with changes in the external temperature. The suitable growth temperature of the stone frog is 18~26℃, and the optimal temperature is 24~25℃, in spring and autumn. The two seasons are the seasons with the most frequent activities, the largest food intake, and the fastest growth. April to June and August to September are the best periods for breeding offspring. When the water temperature exceeds 30°C, feeding activities decrease. When the water temperature drops to 12°C, the frog's metabolism is very weak and it enters hibernation. During hibernation, the frog's eyes are closed tightly and it cannot eat. It relies on its fat body to maintain life activities and does not respond to external stimuli. If the water temperature rises to a suitable level during hibernation, temperature, the frog will become active again.
The lethal temperature for adult stone frogs is around 31°C, which varies in different seasons. Stone frogs can also tolerate long-term 0°C environments, but water cannot freeze. Ice and lack of oxygen will cause stone frogs to die.
Stone frog eggs (Figure 6) are often laid in shallow and gentle water, attached to rocks and aquatic plants. The gelatinous membrane outside the eggs swells and becomes thicker when exposed to water, and is highly sticky and connected. In the shape of cords or bunches of grapes, sometimes about 20 cm long. The diameter of the eggs is generally 4 mm, and can reach up to 5 mm. Depending on the water temperature, frog eggs usually hatch into tadpoles after 8 to 15 days. Tadpoles like to live in large rocks or gravel piles in stream pits. In a certain environment, they usually metamorphose into young frogs after 50 to 78 days of growth.
2 Food for stone frogs
The food for stone frogs is mainly earthworms, mealworms, fly maggots, etc. Their breeding methods are introduced in many books, so I won’t go into details here.
3 Construction of Stone Frog Pond
Wild stone frogs live all year round beside cool mountain streams or caves with waterfalls. Their living environment requires sufficient water flow, coolness, and moisture. , the water quality is fresh, and they like to live in groups in stone caves. Growth, development, breeding, and reproduction of offspring remain in the wild state for a long time.
Artificially domesticated stone frogs have changed from wild to domesticated, and the living environment has undergone tremendous changes. When stone frogs are artificially raised, the frog pond must be reasonably designed so that the frog pond must be similar to It is suitable for the natural environment and easy for manual management. Stone frog (Figure 7)
3.1 Selection of breeding site
The quality of the environment directly affects the growth, development and reproduction of stone frogs. Frog ponds are not restricted by location. Generally speaking, the quality of the environment directly affects the growth, development and reproduction of stone frogs. It is said that the breeding site should be selected in a place with good water quality, convenient drainage and irrigation, quiet environment, warm winters and cool summers, neither drought nor floods, easy management, and prevention of escape and damage.
Frog ponds can be built indoors or outdoors. The indoors require ventilation, coolness, and no direct sunlight. Outdoors, a pergola can be set up with a frog pond underneath. You can simply build a pond indoors, in the courtyard, or outdoors. They are all good living places for stone frogs.
3.2 Specification requirements for frog ponds
Artificially bred stone frogs are generally raised intensively. When building a pond, attention should be paid to conforming to the living habits of the frogs as much as possible, and providing water, land, and stone caves. , feeding and other conditions to create a good living environment and facilitate feeding and management.
3.2.1 Frog pond
The area of ??the frog pond is generally 4 to 10 square meters, the height of the pond is 0.8 meters, the water depth in the pond is 0.1 to 0.15 meters, and the water to land area ratio in the pond is 3: 1. There is a stone cave for habitat, the bottom of the pool is paved with larger pebbles, the light is dark, and the humidity is maintained at 80%, creating an ideal ecological environment for stone frogs to inhabit, promoting their growth and development, thereby increasing the spawning rate and fertilization rate. .
3.2.2 Incubation pond
The area is 1 square meter, the height of the pond is 0.5 meters, the water depth is 15~20 cm, the water quality is fresh, pH 6~8, and contains sufficient oxygen. You can also use a large oblong basin instead.
3.2.3 Tadpole Pool
The area is 3~4 square meters, the pool height is 0.8 meters, the water depth is 3~10 cm, the pH is 6~7, the water-to-land ratio is 2:1, and it needs to be kept in shade , it is better to raise a group of tadpoles of the same size in each pond.
3.2.4 Young Frog Pond
The area is 4 to 6 square meters, the height of the pond is 0.8 meters, the water depth is generally 10 to 15 centimeters, the water to land ratio is 2:1, and the paving in the pond is 3 to 5 meters. Centimeter-sized pebbles are used to build caves. The water quality is good and the pH value is 6~7.5.
The best shape for all kinds of frog ponds is rectangular. The bottom of the pond is slightly inclined. The drainage hole is at the lowest point so that the water in the pond can be completely drained. There are water surfaces, land, stone caves, food tables and other objects in the pond. A net cover is installed at the upper entrance of the pool to prevent frogs from escaping and harmful organisms from invading. The water inlet pipe is installed on the top of the pool, close to the bottom of the mesh cover. The newly built pond cannot be used immediately. It must be disinfected with disinfectant (to remove alkalinity) and soaked in water several times before raising frogs
Key points of folding and breeding
The stone frog is a nationally protected animal. It is also a delicacy on people's dining tables. Artificial breeding of stone frogs is of great significance to protecting the ecological environment and has high economic benefits. Artificial breeding is the key to successfully raising stone frogs.
The key technologies are now introduced as follows.
(1) Preparation of frog breeding ponds and hatching ponds
The breeding frog ponds and hatching ponds should be built in a dark, quiet place with good water quality, with an area of ??2-3 square meters. It is appropriate. The pool should be thoroughly disinfected and washed before being filled with clean water. The water depth should be kept at about 20 centimeters. It is best to put some stones and fresh aquatic plants.
(2) Breeding and egg-laying
Stone frogs usually start mating and laying eggs in April when the temperature is above 20°C. The ratio of male to female frogs is 1:1, and the density is 1:1. 15-20 square meters. Breeding frogs usually mate after 21 o'clock at night, and female frogs lay eggs between 4 and 7 o'clock in the morning. Egg masses are usually attached to aquatic plants, rocks, and pool walls. Do not stir the eggs within 1 hour after laying to avoid damage and breakage and reduce hatchability.
(3) Artificial hatching
Observe and check the frog pond every morning. If there are frog eggs, they can be gently fished out after 8 a.m. and placed in the hatching pond. on the incubation tray. During the incubation process, a small amount of clear water should flow to ensure it is clean. The water temperature should be controlled between 15-30°C, the pH value should be 6-8, and there should be one pool and one nest (500-1000 eggs). Generally, the black spots of the fertilized egg ovules become larger half an hour after laying eggs. The embryos are strip-shaped at 7 days. The tadpoles are basically formed at 9 days. After 15 days, the membrane breaks to form tadpoles. The hatching rate reaches more than 85%.
(4) Tadpole rearing
Tadpole growth can generally be divided into four stages.
① Early stage (1-10 days old) In the first 3 days after the tadpole breaks its membrane, it gradually grows up by relying on the energy in the egg. After starting to forage, it uses the outer membrane of the egg and unfertilized eggs as its main food.
② In the early growth period (10-20 days old), tadpoles eat more food 10 days after they are born, but their digestive function is weak. High-protein liquid feed, such as egg yolks, soy milk, etc., should be put in. Feeding is done regularly once a day, usually 1 egg yolk is fed to 1,500 tadpoles, and the amount is gradually increased thereafter.
③ In the middle period of growth (20-55 days old), as the digestive function of tadpoles continues to increase, in order to promote the development of digestive organs as quickly as possible and adapt to the biological characteristics of the "herbivory" of amphibians in the tadpole stage, on the 20th After age, it is necessary to gradually reduce or stop the amount of high-protein juice feed, and gradually switch to cooked plant-based and algae-based feed, such as stems and leaves of potatoes, fruit leaves of melons, rice and fresh aquatic plants, etc., and should be fed every day Remove feed residue in the pool to ensure that the pool water is not contaminated.
④The late growth period (55-75 days old) is also called the metamorphosis period. Tadpoles enter metamorphosis after 55 days of age, growing hind limbs, forelimbs, and shrunken tails. During this period, management must be particularly careful and thoughtful. It must be graded breeding, shallow and fresh water, half land and water, easy landing, dim light, and quiet environment to create an ecological environment suitable for the metamorphosis of tadpoles.
(5) Feeding of young frogs
The young frogs that have just metamorphosed are small and have weak resistance. To strengthen management, small fly maggots, small yellow mealworms, small maggot butterflies, etc. should be fed. Activity feed. Feed is fed every evening, and the amount depends on the feed intake. As the young frogs' food intake increases, the amount of feed is gradually increased until there is a slight surplus. The feeding table must be cleaned every morning and disinfected frequently to prevent leftover food from spoiling and contaminating the pool water. In the future, the young frogs will be raised in different grades depending on their size, with a density of generally 100-300 per square meter. Cover the top of the frog pond with gauze to prevent escape and rodent damage.
Collapse and edit this paragraph population distribution
Stone frogs are widely distributed in our area. Especially the Jinggangshan, Ninggang and Anfu areas in the west have a large number of mountainous areas. Distributed in Hubei, Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Hunan, Fujian, Guangdong, Hong Kong and Guangxi.
Overseas distribution: Vietnam.
Guangxi Distribution Area: Wuming, Mashan, Forest, Rongshui, Yangshuo, Lingui, Lingchuan, Quanzhou, Xing'an, Yongfu, Guanyang Resources, Gongcheng, Fangcheng, Siqinzhou City, Tianlin, Xilin, Longlin, Hezhou City, Zhongshan, Fuchuan, Tian'e Luocheng is surrounded by Jiang Ningming.