Flower arrangement is to put flowers in containers such as bottles and jars, rather than planting them in these containers. The inserted flowers, branches, flowers or leaves have no roots, but are only a part of the plant, not inserted casually. Instead, it is inserted into a beautiful body (shape) according to certain conception and creation rules, so as to express a theme, convey a feeling and interest, make people look pleasing to the eye and gain spiritual beauty and pleasure. Therefore, flower arrangement is an art, which belongs to the category of plastic arts like sculpture, bonsai, gardening and architecture. In short, flower arrangement is made of branches, leaves, flowers and fruits cut by plants through certain processes (pruning, pruning, bending, etc.). ) and art (conception, modeling, coloring, etc. ) and reconfigured into a delicate and beautiful, poetic flower art that can reproduce the beauty of nature and life, so it is called the art of flower arrangement. Flower arrangement seems simple and easy, but it is not easy to really insert it into a good work. Because it is neither a simple combination of all kinds of flowers nor a simple modeling, but an artistic creation activity that needs vivid forms, both form and spirit, and integrates life, knowledge and art with emotional people. Friends in the field of flower arrangement at home and abroad believe that flower arrangement is a plastic art that makes flowers with heart and expresses mentality with flowers.
Flower arranging music has a long history in China, and it has become an indispensable part of people's daily life since its development. Successful flower arrangement does not necessarily require the use of expensive flower materials and flower equipment. Generally speaking, a green leaf, a bud and even fruits and vegetables, which are common in roadside wildflowers and weeds, can be inserted into a pleasing masterpiece. Letting the viewer lose his mind is the only purpose of the creator. If it can't produce * * *, then the work will lose its ornamental value. Specifically, flower arrangement works should first arouse natural sensory and emotional reactions immediately. If there is no immediate response, the flowers in front of us will not attract the attention of the viewer. There are three factors that cause the viewer's emotional response in flower arrangement works: first, creativity (or conception), what theme to express and what kind of flowers to choose; The second is conception (or composition), which refers to how these flowers are cleverly configured and shaped to fully show their respective beauty in their works; The third is the flower arranging device, which refers to the flower arranging device that matches the creativity. If the three are organically combined, the works will give people beautiful enjoyment. Any artwork should have a harmonious environment, and the coordination between flower arrangement and environment is also very important. The decoration of flower arrangement depends on the nature of environment and occasion, and different occasions and objects should use different flower materials. For example, grand parties, the opening of shopping malls, restaurants, banquet halls and other grand occasions, flowers should be bright and colorful, flowers should be huge to show excitement and style; On the contrary, flowers should be elegant, plain white and yellow, used in mourning scenes to express their grief. The application of flower arrangement to set off the atmosphere and render the environment can play too many roles in painting.
The origin of flower arrangement art should be attributed to people's love for flowers. By freezing flowers, we can express an artistic conception to experience the truth and glory of life.
The Art of Flower Arrangement For China people, flower arrangement works are regarded as the fusion of cosmic life. Taking "flowers" as the main material, a bonsai floral art is created with seven kinds of flower devices, such as bottles, plates, bowls, cans, tubes, baskets and pots. Its expression is so elegant that people can't put it down.
Flower arrangement, as its name implies, takes branches, leaves, flowers and fruits cut by plants as raw materials and undergoes certain techniques (pruning, pruning, bending, etc.). ) and artistry (conception, modeling, color, etc. ) processing, they are reconfigured into a delicate, perfect, poetic flower art that can reproduce the beauty of nature and life.
The origin of flower arrangement art should be attributed to people's love for flowers. By freezing flowers, we can express an artistic conception to experience the truth and glory of life. China had the original idea and embryonic form of flower arrangement nearly 2000 years ago. Flower arrangement was very popular in the Tang Dynasty and also in the court. In temples, it is used as a flower in front of the Buddha statue in the altar. During the Song Dynasty, the art of flower arrangement gained popularity among the people and was loved by literati. There are many poems about flower arrangement appreciation in different dynasties. In the Ming Dynasty, the art of flower arrangement in China was not only widely popularized, but also monographs on flower arrangement appeared, such as Orchard Flower Spectrum by Zhang Qiande and History of Bottles by Yuan Hongdao. Chinese flower arrangement art reached its peak in Ming Dynasty, which was quite mature and perfect both technically and theoretically. Stylistically, it emphasizes natural lyricism, elegant and simple expression, elegant Ming Xiu color and simple modeling. However, the art of flower arrangement in Qing dynasty has not been paid attention to, developed and popularized among the people. In modern China, due to many factors such as war, the art of flower arrangement basically disappeared among the people. Only in recent years, with the development of the national economy and the reform and opening up, people's living standards have gradually improved, and flowers have gradually returned to people's lives.
Flower arrangement is neither a simple combination of flowers nor a simple modeling, but an artistic creation activity that requires vivid form, both form and spirit, moving people with emotion, and integrating life, knowledge and art. Modern art flower arrangement does not excessively require the matching of the types and quantities of flowers, but attaches great importance to the beauty of tone, physique and charm of each flower. Composition with flowers can also achieve better results. Different compositions and different combinations of flower materials achieve completely different effects, which is the expressive force of artistic flower arrangement.
Artistic flower arrangement pays the most attention to the artistic conception of the work, but there are almost no restrictions on the choice of flower materials and flower devices. The composition of flower arrangement pays attention to three-dimensional sense and sense of space, leaving room for imagination. Artistic flower arrangement can organize very humble materials into elegant works of art through collocation and combination. This is also the charm of flower arrangement.
A good work has high artistic charm and vitality because the author can capture the most beautiful moments in nature and make artistic processing. It is neither a repetition of natural beauty nor an imitation of others' works, but a work with unique personality and expressive force carefully created by the author. The author of artistic flower arrangement must be good at observing nature, keenly capturing the most beautiful moments of flowers and plants in nature, accumulating the images of flowers, paying attention to being familiar with the rich vocabulary of flowers, having certain basic knowledge of aesthetic theory and being familiar with painting music, so as to continuously create works of truth, goodness and beauty.
Chinese flower arrangement in China had its original idea and embryonic form nearly 2000 years ago. Flower arrangement was very popular in the Tang Dynasty and also in the court. In temples, it is used as a flower in front of the Buddha statue in the altar. During the Song Dynasty, the art of flower arrangement gained popularity among the people and was loved by literati. There are many poems about flower arrangement appreciation in different dynasties. In the Ming Dynasty, the art of flower arrangement in China was not only widely popularized, but also monographs on flower arrangement appeared, such as Orchard Flower Spectrum by Zhang Qiande and History of Bottles by Yuan Hongdao. Chinese flower arrangement art reached its peak in Ming Dynasty, which was quite mature and perfect both technically and theoretically. Stylistically, it emphasizes natural lyricism, elegant and simple expression, elegant Ming Xiu color and simple modeling. However, the art of flower arrangement in Qing dynasty has not been paid attention to, developed and popularized among the people. In modern China, due to many factors such as war, the art of flower arrangement basically disappeared among the people. Only in recent years, with the development of the national economy and the reform and opening up, people's living standards have gradually improved, and flowers have gradually returned to people's lives. Oriental flower arrangement advocates nature and pays attention to beautiful lines and natural gestures. Its composition and layout are patchy, the pitch echoes, the density is dense, and the works are elegant and smooth. According to the natural form of plant growth, there are different forms of flower arrangement, such as upright, inclined and drooping.
Japanese Flower Arrangement In the 6th century BC, the Japanese Emperor sent a special envoy (equivalent to today's diplomat), Sister Xiao Ye, to China for a friendly cultural exchange visit. Back in Japan, he brought many China paintings, sculptures, literature, drama, gardening and vase flowers to the Buddha. Sister Xiao Ye, a monk, lives in Chohoji Temple near a small pond in Kyoto, where the first Japanese flower arrangement was completed. Since then, there has been the rise of flower arranging schools in Japan. The name [Chifang] comes from the meaning beside the pool. Chifang is the oldest primitive flower arrangement school in Japan, and the current director is the 45th generation director of Chifang, Mr. Chifang Zhuanyong.
Western-style flower arrangement Western-style flower arrangement originated from the western flower arrangement along the Mediterranean coast, as early as 2000 AD, during the Nile culture period. From ancient Greece to the late Rome, it experienced a period of cultural stagnation in the Middle Ages.14 ~16th century laid the foundation for modern western flower arrangement. Compared with Chinese and Japanese flower arrangement, western flower arrangement emphasizes practicality and design concept, and can generally be integrated into life to achieve the decorative effect of daily life.
Various knowledge of flower arrangement
Flower arrangement foundation
(A) the basic shape of flower arrangement
1. Horizontal. The design focuses on the horizontal shape that extends horizontally. The middle is slightly convex, and the left and right ends are designed with elegant curves. Its greatest feature is that it can be appreciated from any angle. Mostly used for dining tables, coffee tables and conference tables.
2. Triangle. Flowers can be inserted into regular triangles, isosceles triangles or equilateral triangles, and their shapes are simple and stable, giving people a sense of balance, stability, simplicity and solemnity. Most of them are used for ceremonies, business opening, gift baskets and so on. If used in grand occasions such as large-scale cultural performances, it will also show luxury.
3. l-shaped The two sides are vertically combined, and the left and right are in an unbalanced state. Suitable for placing against the wall in the corner of the room. L-shape often plays an important role in the composition of some spikes. Big flowers and big fruits are used in corners, and small flowers stretch forward by themselves, giving people an open and upward feeling.
4. Fan-shaped. According to the basic triangular flower arrangement shape, the middle is radial and forms a fan shape. Suitable for large space display.
5. inverted t-shape. The whole design focuses on the inverted T-shaped structure. The ratio of vertical line to left and right horizontal lines is 2: 1, which gives people a modern feeling and is suitable for decoration in the environment with small left and right space.
6. Vertical. The overall shape is vertical and upward, giving people the feeling of extending upward. Suitable for displaying in high and narrow space.
7. Oval, elegant and luxurious shape. A large number of flowers are used and inserted in groups. The requirements for structure and contrast are relatively low, showing a natural sense of roundness. Classical vases, as containers, should be placed in places with large space such as churches or ceremonies.
8. Inclined type. The shape is an equilateral triangle. The length of the main branch depends on the situation, and the whole composition has the characteristics of imbalance between left and right. It is mostly used for linear flowers, which can effectively express the beauty of stretching and nature.
(2) Determination of the size of flower arrangement
The proportion of flower materials and flower devices should be coordinated. Generally speaking, the height of flower arrangement (that is, the height of the first main branch) should not exceed 1.5-2 times of the height of the flower arrangement container, and the height of the container is calculated by the diameter of the bottle mouth plus its own height. After the first main branch height is determined, the second main branch height is 2/3 of the first main branch height, and the third main branch height is 1/ of the second main branch height. The third main branch plays a balanced role in composition, and the number is unlimited, but the proportion of size should be coordinated. Naturally, the proportion of flower materials and flower devices in flower arrangement must be appropriate, so as to be scattered and dense, and avoid exposure, shrinking head and unkempt appearance. Conventional flower arrangement and abstract flower arrangement are best handled according to the golden ratio, that is, the bottle height is 3, the flower material height is 5, the total height is 8, and the ratio is 3:.
(C) color configuration of flower arrangement
The color arrangement of flower arrangement is not only a portrait of nature, but also an exaggeration of nature. The choice of main color should be suitable for the use environment. Strong and warm colors (red, orange and yellow) are suitable for holiday parties, dance halls, restaurants and exhibition halls. Bright and clean neutral color is suitable for study, living room and bedroom; Cold colors (light yellow, green, blue, purple and white) are commonly used in funeral places.
As far as the types of flowers are concerned, the wood is deep and powerful, and the grass is bright and lovely. Natural floral art is dominated by colorful colors. Even if there are no flowers, pine and cypress can be the main characters. The floral pattern is rich in color, fiery and warm, and the contrasting colors can also be integrated into the same work.
As far as the color matching of flowers and containers is concerned, the simple and clean fine vase and elegant chrysanthemum have a sense of coordination; Strong and decorative dahlias, with thick clay pots with black glaze, can show their rough charm; Light blue water sprouts a low-density pink daisy or Xiao Ju; Gerbera jamesonii should be inserted into a crystal clear glass flask with branches wrapped around the bottle.
As far as the characteristics of eastern and western floral art are concerned, western floral art is flourishing, with strong colors and strong contrast; Oriental floral art, on the other hand, is dominated by natural beauty, with light and elegant colors, and is good at elegance.
Flower arrangement type
(1) According to the use, it can be roughly divided into ceremonial flower arrangement and artistic flower arrangement.
Etiquette flower arrangement refers to flower arrangement for social etiquette, weddings, funerals and other special purposes. It can convey friendship, affection and love, and can express welcome, respect, congratulations, mourning and mourning. The situation is often relatively fixed and simple.
Artistic flower arrangement refers to a kind of flower arrangement that does not require special social etiquette and is mainly used for artistic appreciation and beautifying the decorative environment.
(2) According to artistic style, it can be divided into oriental flower arrangement, western flower arrangement and modern freestyle flower arrangement.
Oriental flower arrangement can be divided into Chinese flower arrangement and Japanese flower arrangement.
China's floral art has developed from the pre-Qin Dynasty, the Han Dynasty, the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the Six Dynasties, the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the Song and Yuan Dynasties, the Ming and Qing Dynasties to the present age. Natural truth: according to the natural ecology of flowers and trees, grasp the seasonal changes. Humanistic goodness: economic utility, human harmony and flower morality (flower culture). The sanctity of religion: offering flowers to Buddha, practicing with flowers, and worshiping flowers. The beauty of art: flower art, flower art, comprehensive art type Garden flowers: planted in the garden, considering the growth posture of plant art, potted plants: planted in pots and bowls, the roots still exist, which can be matched with flowers. Catch flowers: treat flowers as ornaments and pay attention to the collocation of clothes and flowers. Wear flowers: insert flowers on your head or lapel, and pay attention to the relationship between flowers and clothes. Flower basket flower: insert it in the flower basket, and pay attention to the pro-supporting effect of the flower and the flower basket. Bottle flowers: Folded flowers are placed in water trays or vases, which is of great significance in the times and is the main type of floral art in the world, including tray flowers and bottle flowers. Fruit Festival (Flower Festival): Fruit-based, full of enlightenment and art.
The essence of Japanese flower arrangement is dedication: just as nature selflessly dedicates the most beautiful side of flowers and trees to human beings. Patience: It takes a quiet heart to put a flower in the most suitable place. Energy: It takes a lot of energy to pick flowers and handle branches, stems and leaves. Concentration: Only by putting aside triviality can we really create perfect works. As the saying goes, the stone is open. Wisdom: after self-cultivation, flowers and people become a whole, reaching a pure and quiet realm. According to different flower arrangement concepts, Japanese flower arrangement has developed quite a number of flower arrangement schools, such as Matsumoto Flow, Nisshin Flow, Kohara Flow, Cragginess Flow, etc. It has its own flower arrangement style completely different from that of western flower arrangement, which can be said to be an influential art in the flower arrangement field.
Western flower arrangement can be divided into formal flower arrangement and informal flower arrangement.
The form is (traditional flower arrangement), based on the arrangement and lines of flowers, and the non-form is (free flower arrangement), which advocates nature, does not stress form, cooperates with modern design and emphasizes color. Traditional style is suitable for special social occasions, and freestyle is suitable for daily home furnishings.
(3) According to the different flower materials used, it can be divided into flower arrangement, dried flower, artificial flower and mixed flower;
1. Flower arrangement consists entirely or mainly of flowers. Its main characteristics are the most beautiful natural flowers, colorful flowers, full of real vitality, strong artistic charm and wide application. Its disadvantage is that the water retention is not lasting, the cost is high, and it is not suitable for being placed in dark light.
2. Dried flower arrangements are all or mainly made of natural dried flowers or processed dried plant materials. It not only keeps the natural beauty of the original plants, but also can be dyed and combined at will. After plugging in, it can be placed for a long time, which is convenient for management and not limited by lighting, especially suitable for dark display. Dried flowers are very popular in some countries and regions in Europe and America. Its disadvantage is that it is afraid of being exposed to strong light for a long time and is not resistant to humid environment.
3. The flower materials used in artificial flower arrangement are all kinds of artificial plant materials, including silk flower and polyester flowers, which can be simulated, designed and colored at will. Artificial flowers are colorful, varied, easy to shape and clean, and can be placed for a long time.
Flower arranging prop
(1) flower arranging utensils
There are many kinds of flower devices, which are necessary for pattern design. Pottery, glassware, rattan, bamboo, straw, chemical resin, etc. There are many kinds of materials and forms. The flowerpot should be selected reasonably according to the design purpose, purpose and flower material.
The charm of glassware lies in its transparency and shining luster. Colored glass mixed with metal acidulant and utensils with patterns on the surface can set off the beauty of flowers well.
Plastic flower device is an economical prop. It is cheap, light, rich in colors and diverse in shapes. This design is versatile.
The most common props in the pattern design of ceramic flower devices. Chinese style, Japanese style and western style have their own advantages, highlighting national customs and their respective cultures and arts. Therefore, the choice of use must first conform to the design style.
There are various forms of rattan weaving, bamboo weaving and straw weaving, because natural plant materials can better reflect the customs of Yuan Ye. More suitable for natural and interesting shapes, not artificial.
Metal flower is made of copper, iron, silver, tin and other metal materials. It gives people a sense of solemnity, frankness and luxury, and also reflects the artistic development in different historical times. In the art of flower arrangement in the East and the West, it is an indispensable prop.
In the trend of returning to nature, plain pottery has its unique charm. Coupled with its natural flavor, the whole work looks simple and elegant.
(2) Basic props of flower arrangement
The plastic arts of flowers are inseparable from various basic props. Reasonable selection and use of props can prolong the flowering period and reflect the designer's artistic accomplishment and technical level. The following are the most basic props and materials.
There are two kinds of tape: paper and plastic. Generally used to wrap wires, especially processed flowers, to prevent dehydration. There are many colors, which should be selected according to the color of the flower stem and the purpose of design.
It is necessary to use iron wire (or copper wire) to fix or maintain the shape of the flower branch and make artificial bending. There are many kinds of iron wires with different models, which are divided into 18-30 according to the thickness, and selected according to the design intention.
Flower clippers and flower knives are the most important tools for cutting flower stems and branches. Use it selectively according to the different trimmed flowers. Generally speaking, when pruning some tough branches, use flower scissors, and when pruning the length of flowers, use flower knives, because the cutting surface of flower knives is relatively flat, and the incision is inclined, which is beneficial to preservation.
Flower mud flower mud is a kind of chemical substance with high water absorption, which is used to fix flower materials. Good water retention and simple use method. Flower mud can be divided into flower mud and dried flower mud. Dried flower mud is generally brown and flower mud is green. Flower mud has various shapes, which should be selected according to the pattern. Dried flower mud is designed for dried flowers and cannot absorb moisture. Flower mud needs to be fully saturated with water before it can be used. When soaking, you should absorb water as naturally as possible, without any pressure, otherwise it will cause the situation of wet outside and dry inside, which will directly affect the water absorption efficiency of cut flowers.
Selection of flower materials
(1). What materials can be used for flower arrangement?
As long as it has ornamental value and can be placed in water for a long time or watched for a long time without watering, it can be cut and used for flower arrangement. Of course, the materials of flower arrangement are not limited to living plant materials, and sometimes some dead branches and withered inflorescences and fruit prefaces also have beautiful shapes and colors, which can also be used for flower arrangement. At present, there are many artificially processed dried flowers in the flower market, which are also good materials for flower arrangement. Although they are not as moist and energetic as flowers, they have unique natural colors, or they are processed into unique colors. In addition, there are artificial flowers of various textures, such as silk flower, plastic flowers, paper flowers and metal flowers. The flower arrangement works made from them can not only play a decorative role in flowers, but also be economical and easy to manage.
(2) Tips for buying cut flowers
(1) The longer the flower branch, the fresher it is. In order to keep fresh and improve water absorption, flower shops cut off the lower ends of flower branches every day. Therefore, the longer the stem, the fresher the flowers.
(2) Observe the overall shape of the flower material. Where the leaves are slightly withered, yellow or soaked in water, the leaves turn brown and black, and the flower stems with poor freshness are not suitable for purchase.
(3) Touch the flower branches in the water with your hands. Touching the branches in the water with your hands feels slippery, which means that the flower branches have been placed for 5-6 days, and the freshness is poor, which is not suitable for purchase.
(4) Most flowers are in full bloom and should not be purchased.
(5) The pattern is too small to buy. The reason why the pattern is small may sometimes be that the peripheral petals have been removed.
(6) the color should be bright. Petals should be elastic and brightly colored.
(3) Flower shape
Linear flower (linear flower) The whole flower material is long or linear. Using the natural form of plants such as straight lines or curves, the outline of modeling, that is, skeleton, is formed. For example: snapdragon, verbena, delphinium, gentian, silver bud willow, forsythia and so on.
Formal flower (formal flower) is a big flower with its own unique shape and looks very individual. As the most striking flower in design, it is often used in visual focus. The characteristics of its own modeling make its personality more prominent, so we should pay attention to its characteristics when using it. For example: Lily, Anthurium, Bird of Paradise, Peony, etc.
Cluster flowers (block flowers) Cluster flowers are concentrated in large circles or blocks, which are generally used between linear flowers and irregular flowers, and are important flower materials to complete modeling. When no flowers are set, the most beautiful and blooming flowers can be used instead of setting flowers and inserted in the position of visual focus. For example: carnation, gerbera, rose, Pulsatilla, etc.
Filled flowers have many branches and smaller flowers, and there are many small flowers on a branch or a stem. It has the function of filling the modeling space and connecting flowers. For example: Xiao Ju, Lilac, Mantianxing, Freesia, White Peacock, etc.
Classification of flower artistic styles
(1) Western-style flower arrangement, also known as European-style flower arrangement, is characterized by paying attention to the shape of flowers and pursuing the artistic charm of blocks and groups. His works are concise, generous and concise, with symmetrical and homogeneous compositions, rich colors, many kinds and large quantities of flowers, showing a warm, elegant and dignified style.
(2) Oriental flower arrangement, represented by China and Japan. The choice of flowers is simple and graceful. It is good at using the natural form of flowers and the beauty of artistic conception expressed, and pays attention to the feeling of seasons. It focuses on the modeling of lines, mainly on balanced composition, and wins with the peculiar beauty of posture.
(3) Freestyle flower arrangement is influenced by various factions in the world today, such as realism, abstraction and futurism. , more extensive and free in material selection, conception and modeling. Special emphasis on decoration and particularity, with a sense of the times and vitality.
Composition form of flower arrangement
Traditional flower arrangement has two basic composition forms:
(1) Symmetry or homogeneous: Symmetry is often based on the central axis, with flowers and leaves of equal shape, equal amount and equal color inserted left and right, such as fan-shaped and triangle-like; Qi style is also a composition form based on the central axis, which is formed by inserting flowers and leaves with the same shape, quantity and color in the left, right and front respectively, like a tower and a semicircle.
(2) Balanced type: the composition form of flowers, branches and leaves with different shapes and equal numbers, arranged according to the central point of the central axis. There are many forms of this composition, which are changed by the size, height and density of flowers, branches and leaves. Generally insert the same amount of flowers according to the feeling. The material of flower arrangement can be flowers bought from shops or wild flowers and weeds collected in the wild. Clever collocation, careful arrangement and beautiful artistic conception.
Steps of flower arrangement
(1) Pruning: First, remove the broken branches and leaves of flowers, prune them according to different styles, and bend them according to the needs of composition (in order to prolong the hydroponic time, it is suitable for pruning in water).
(2) Fixation: In order to make the flower posture according to your idea, generally, according to the diameter and length of the bottle mouth, two thick branches are taken from the bottle mouth of the flower device and cross-fixed at the bottle mouth. Professional flower arrangement, but also color flower arrangement, flower stickers, aluminum wire and other tools to fix.
(3) Insertion sequence: Generally, it is easy to arrange flowers before inserting leaves, so it is easy to reduce the height of flowers when inserting leaves. The correct order of flower arrangement should be material selection, landscape leaf selection and flower arrangement.