The seeds of Illicium verum should be harvested and sown because they contain volatile oil. The seeds germinated earlier and emerged more orderly after accelerating germination. Mix clean fine river sand and Illicium verum seeds to accelerate germination, and the ratio is 10: 1. The wetting degree of sand can be rubbed by hand and scattered on the ground. Mix the seeds and sand evenly, use a cubic sample box with a thickness less than 25 cm as a mold, spread it into a square box, and then sprinkle a thin layer of moist sand until 50% of the seeds are exposed. Seedlings germinated in sand storage grow fast and grow well.

② Preparation of nutrient soil

Illicium verum is suitable for nursery in nutrient bag, and the specification of nutrient bag is 10 cm× 20 cm. Nutritious soil is a mixture of the core soil of barren hills or woodlands and travertine soil in the ratio of 65,438+0: 65,438+0, and a small amount of lime (about 0.5%) is added to neutralize the acidity of the soil, and then sterilized, and a small amount of calcium superphosphate (about 2%) is added as the base fertilizer, and then bagged and mixed evenly for sowing.

③ Sowing and seedling management

Before sowing, the nutrient soil should be thoroughly watered with water, and the germinated seeds should be bagged for sowing. The nutrient soil covering the seeds should not be too thick, which is 0.5 ~ 1 cm, and should be thoroughly watered in time to make the seeds fully contact with the nutrient soil. (1) Water the nutrient soil in a timely and proper amount to keep it moist;

⑵ Set up a sunshade, and the seeds with accelerated germination in the sand will be unearthed 1 week after sowing. It needs shading for 8 ~ 9 months, and the light transmittance of seedbed will be 20% ~ 50%, with less in the early stage and more in the later stage. According to the experiment in Funing county, the survival rate of seedlings after 1 month is only 23.4%, with an average height of 6 cm; The light transmittance is 50%, the survival rate of seedlings can reach 65.4%, and the average seedling height is 12 cm. The light transmittance is 40%, the preservation rate is 70.2%, and the average seedling height is 10 cm. The vigorous 1 year container seedlings can be planted about 60 cm high. With the improvement of production technology, grafting or cutting seedling is advocated. Grafting methods mainly include cutting, T-shaped bud grafting and branch grafting. The asexual seedlings can keep the characteristics of fine Illicium verum varieties. Tending management of Illicium verum young forest: After Illicium verum is planted, the plants generally blossom and bear fruit (leaves can be harvested and oil can be steamed), which is the young forest stage. The length of young forest stage is closely related to site conditions, water and fertilizer conditions and management level. Therefore, it is the key technology to ensure the high yield of Illicium verum by doing well the tending management of young forests, creating good habitat conditions and meeting the water, fertilizer and light conditions for the growth and development of Illicium verum. The goal of young forest tending management is to strive for 1 age, 2-age and 3-age.

① Shading and moisturizing trees Illicium verum is a shade-tolerant tree with thin bark and thick leaves, which is easy to burn and die in summer. Covering most of the bare open space is an important work in the management of Illicium verum young forest. Miscellaneous forests, weeds and shrubs and other natural plants can be used as shade trees and mulches, which can keep the woodland moist, balance the soil temperature, reduce soil erosion and prevent sunburn.

(2) Intertillage weeding, because of rainfall and human factors, is easy to harden the soil, which is not conducive to soil permeability and microbial activities. At the same time, because it is warm and humid, it is easy to breed weeds and consume soil nutrients and water. Carry out intertillage weeding at least 1 ~ 2 times a year, each time 1 ~ 2 months, May ~ June, or use glyphosate for chemical weeding.

③ Fertilization is an important measure to ensure the normal growth and development of Illicium verum and achieve high and stable yield. Generally, point-clearing fertilization or whole-garden fertilization is adopted. The best time to fertilize every year is February and June. Because spring fertilizer grows new buds, summer fertilizer promotes the vigorous growth of Illicium verum. Fertilization is mainly based on nitrogen fertilizer, and some compound fertilizers can be applied to young forests for more than 3 years; 1 ~ 2-year-old trees, 50 ~150g urea per plant every year; For 3-year-old trees, urea 150 ~ 250g and compound fertilizer 100 ~ 200g should be applied to each tree. Young Illicium verum forest bears fruit 2 ~ 3 years earlier than that without fertilization.

The purpose of pruning and shaping is to cultivate a complete crown and reasonable branch structure, make full use of space and improve the yield and quality of Illicium verum. According to the biological characteristics and practice of Illicium verum, it is proved that the best tree shape of Illicium verum is a cylinder with soft and drooping branches, uniform distribution and fullness, followed by a tower or a cone.

The top advantage of Illicium verum is obvious, so both leaf forest and fruit forest should be trimmed and reshaped properly in the young tree period. When the fruit forest of Illicium verum is young, we should pay attention to leaving buds, so as to form a thick trunk and thick branches, which is conducive to fruit picking in the future. Because Illicium verum is a shade-tolerant tree species, there are fruit branches up and down the crown, inside and outside, and the larger the fruit area, the higher the relative yield. Generally, pruning and shaping can be carried out when the young forest 1.5 ~ 2 meters high, and each plant can keep 2 ~ 3 branches, and cut off the branches that grow vigorously and disturb the tree shape, the branches that grow vertically, the branches that are too dense, the thin branches, the pests and diseases, and the dead branches from the base.

The goal of tending management of Illicium verum forest is high and stable yield, and the following tending management work must be strengthened. ① Reclamation can change the soil structure of Illicium verum, supplement water sources, and promote flower bud differentiation and normal development of young fruits. In recent years, the masses have summed up the experience of "As long as you dig hard, octagonal trees are full of mountains". I tasted the sweetness of reclamation and rehabilitation of Illicium verum, which benefited in that year, increased production in two years and harvested in three years. Generally, reclamation will be resumed in three to four years 1 time. ② Fertilization For the fruit forest, Illicium verum doesn't blossom and bear fruit all the year round, and the tree consumes a lot of nutrients, so it is necessary to strengthen fertilization to maintain the nutrient balance in the body. There is a special fertilizer for Illicium verum, which can increase the yield by 25% ~ 44% after application. It is suitable for trees over 7 years old, and is applied twice a year, in May 1 time and in February 1 time. 0.5 ~ 1 kg per plant each time, dig small ditches on both sides of the crown and cover the soil. In addition, applying compound fertilizer 1 ~ 2 times a year, with 0.5 ~ 1 kg per plant each time, can also significantly increase the yield by covering the soil in the ditch. ③ flower protection and fruit protection: Illicium verum has serious flower and fruit drop, the main reasons are as follows. (1) lack of powder. Illicium verum is a kind of "pregnant plant" with many young fruits. Autumn fruit ripens from September to 10. After fruit picking, it blooms from August to 10 autumn. The accumulated nutrients in the tree consume more, which has certain influence on flowering and fruit setting. The soil does not release enough nutrients. Illicium verum, like other fruit trees, needs a lot of nutrition to blossom. If the tree is fragile, it will inevitably cause a large number of young fruits to fall off after flowering. (2) Serious pests. Illicium verum blooms twice a year and bears fruit twice a year, that is, it blooms in March-April, matures in September-10, blooms in August-10, and matures in March-April of the following year, with long flowering period and long maturity. The main damage related to falling flowers and fruits is the golden flower worm, which is in the middle of March. (3) The wind blows flowers and fruits. In view of the above reasons, the following measures should be taken: (1) remove weeds and shrubs in the forest and carry out comprehensive reclamation. ⑵ Formula fertilization: topdressing 65,438+0 times in June and May every year, and applying fertilizer according to the ratio of N: P: K = 0.3: 0.65, 438+0: 0.3 can significantly increase production and gain a lot. ⑶ Spraying anti-falling agent and foliar fertilizer, when 70% ~ 80% of Illicium verum wilts, spraying a bag of anti-falling agent, 0. 15 kg of urea and 60 kg of washing water. (4) Pest control, spraying 500 times dichlorvos or dimethoate solution in March-April and June-July every year. (4) Trimming and shaping should be properly re-cut, less cut or not cut; Trim the inner branches at the lower part of the crown properly, and trim the middle and upper parts and outer branches of the crown lightly; Heavy pruning with abnormal growth and development, many branches with diseases and insect pests and many dry branches, and light pruning with good growth and development. The fruit-setting rate of Illicium verum was significantly increased by thinning flowers, and the fruit-setting rate of Illicium verum was increased by 30% compared with the control (not thinning flowers). Thinning flowers by 20% increased yield by 35.8% compared with the control; 10% thinning increased the yield by 32.4% compared with the control. Fertilization, pruning and comprehensive supporting techniques have obvious effects on fruit setting rate and yield of Illicium verum. 2.5 kg of manure, fire ash 1 kg and 0.25 kg of calcium superphosphate were applied to each nest, which increased the yield by 85% in spring and autumn. Appropriate pruning (empty inside and solid outside) and fertilization in spring can increase the yield by more than 160%. Cutting grass and cutting green 1 ~ 2 times a year during the young tree period of fruit forest, properly pruning and shaping for the 5th to 6th time, thinning some miscellaneous forests, promoting ventilation and light transmission, increasing forest humus, appropriately loosening soil and fertilizing, and promoting forest growth and development. Illicium verum is propagated sexually and asexually by selecting the best, and the yield can be doubled by afforestation with improved varieties and strong seedlings, and the afforestation with grafted seedlings can also blossom and bear fruit 3 ~ 5 years in advance. Ye Lin should weed and cut vines twice a year and loosen the soil frequently; Fertilize in spring 1 time, preferably urea fertilizer. Dig a zigzag hole under the canopy or dig three small holes on it, apply 0.5 kg fertilizer to each plant, and cover the soil after application. In order to dwarf the crown, expand the crown and produce more branches and leaves, the top is cut off and the terminal buds are removed in 3 ~ 4 years after planting, and the leaves can be harvested and steamed in 4 ~ 5 years.