Lobster Breeding Technology
Lobsters can be cultured in ponds where Macrobrachium japonicum is generally cultured. Ordinary ponds can also be cultured. The culture technology after releasing the seedlings is similar to that of Macrobrachium japonicum. , including preliminary preparations, feed placement and water quality management, etc., but attention must be paid to its habit of digging holes, and anti-escape measures also need to be strengthened. Lobster has a strong tolerance, and its breeding yield is high. The current market demand is also large, and the economic benefits of breeding are considerable. The most common shallow water rice field farming is now introduced as an example. Other farming methods can be referred to.
3. Freshwater lobster cultured in rice fields
Freshwater lobster cultured in rice fields generally yields 400 to 500 kilograms per mu, and can reach 600 kilograms at high yields. Raising shrimp in rice fields can eat weeds and other aquatic organisms that consume fertilizer in the fields. It not only saves the labor of weeding, but also eliminates mosquitoes and flies that harm people and livestock. Moreover, shrimps are constantly moving and foraging in rice fields, which not only helps to loosen soil, provide running water, and ventilate rice fields, and increase the amount of dissolved oxygen in the field water, but also excretes a large amount of feces through metabolism, which has the effect of maintaining and increasing fertilizer.
1. Selection of rice fields
To raise freshwater lobsters in rice fields, the water source should be sufficient, not affected by droughts and floods, the water quality should be fresh and pollution-free, the soil should be fertile, the water retention performance is good, and the sunshine should be sufficient. Although the water quality of some mountain streams or springs is relatively poor and the water temperature is relatively low, if it can have a long flow or pass through the rice fields where shrimps are not raised, and then flow into the shrimp farming rice fields, the water temperature will increase and it is also suitable for shrimp farming. .
2. Transformation of rice fields
In order to facilitate production management and daily feeding, the area between drainage channels is generally regarded as a breeding area. Dig a circulation buffer trench 0.5 to 0.6 meters deep and 1.0 to 1.2 meters wide 0.6 meters inside the surrounding ridge, and turn all the soil onto the side ridge to make the side ridge 0.8 to 1.0 meters high and 0.6 to 0.8 wide at the top. rice. The side ridges should be compacted and the inner slope should be leveled. At the same time, a plastic film should be used to enclose a closed protective wall on the inside of the ridge top. The height of the fence above ground is 0.4~0.5 meters, and it is buried 0.1~0.2 meters underground. Anti-escape nets should be set up at the upper and lower inlets and drainage outlets.
In order to facilitate shallow irrigation, drying, application of chemical fertilizers, pesticides or fishing in rice fields, shrimp ditches and shrimp ponds must be dug in shrimp farming rice fields. The shrimp ditch can be excavated after transplanting the rice seedlings. The method of digging should depend on the shape and area of ??the field and the direction of the drainage outlet. If the rice field is small, it can be opened in the shape of a "field"; if it is a long and large field, it can be opened in the shape of an inner "well" or an inner "field". The width and depth of the ditch are preferably 0.3 to 0.4 meters respectively. The shrimp pond can be opened at the intersection of the shrimp ditch or at the four corners of the field, connected with the shrimp ditch. Shrimp ponds are generally 1.0 meters square and 0.8 to 1.0 meters deep.
When raising shrimps in rice fields, it is necessary to open inlets and drainage outlets. The location should be selected on the soil ridges at the opposite corners of the rice field. During the breeding process, the water in the entire rice field can be smoothed during the inlet and drainage. Barriers should be installed at the inlet and outlet to prevent shrimps from escaping.
3. Shrimp stocking
Restocking time: Whether it is the current year's shrimp or the broodstock that holds eggs, the word "early" should be strived for. Early release can not only extend the growth period of shrimp in the rice fields, but also make full use of the large amount of natural food resources cultivated after fertilizing the rice fields. The regular stocking time is usually in November each year or the end of March of the following year.
Stocking density: 30 to 40 kilograms of egg-bearing broodstock per mu of rice field. You can also wait until April to May next year to stock the young shrimp seeds, and release 12,000 to 15,000 shrimp per mu of rice field. Note that the egg-bearing broodstock shrimps should be raised directly into the outer ditch to survive the winter. When the seedlings turn green, the shrimps will be lured into the rice fields to grow. There are two general breeding and stocking breeding models:
(1) Summer stocking: mainly stocking of juvenile shrimps artificially bred that year. The stocking time is from July to September. Each mu of shrimp farming ditch is stocked with 15,000 to 20,000 juvenile shrimps.
(2) Winter stocking: Usually carried out in December, 1 to 15,000 shrimp species with a size of about 3 cm are stocked in each mu of shrimp ditch. Where conditions permit, shrimp farming can be carried out in two seasons, with one season of freshwater shrimp from July to October and one season of freshwater lobster from December to May to June of the following year.
4. Feeding and management
(1) Feeding: Shrimp farming in rice fields also requires timing, positioning, quantitative and qualitative feeding. In the early stage, feed once a day in the morning and afternoon; in the later stage, feed at 6 o'clock in the evening. The types of food fed are mostly small miscellaneous fish, snail meat, mussel meat, earthworms, animal offal, silkworm pupae, and corn, wheat, and barley flour. You can also feed an appropriate amount of plant feed, such as water hyacinth, water turnip, water duckweed, etc.
The daily feeding amount is 3~5% of the shrimp body weight. You should always check the eating status of the shrimp frequently. If the feed fed on that day is eaten within 2 to 3 hours, it means that the feed amount is insufficient. You should increase the feed amount appropriately. If there is still some leftover the next day, feed it. The amount should be reduced appropriately.
(2) Eliminate enemies: Shrimp farming in rice fields has many enemies, such as water centipedes, snakes, water birds, eels, water rats, etc. In the early stages of stocking shrimp, the stems and leaves of the rice plants are not lush, and there are large gaps in the water surface of the field. At this time, the shrimp individuals are also small, have weak mobility, have poor ability to escape enemies, and are easily attacked by enemies. At the same time, freshwater lobsters need to shed their shells every once in a while to grow. When they are molting or just after molting, they are most likely to become palatable bait for enemies. At harvest time, due to the shallow drainage of field water, shrimps may crawl around, making the target bigger and easily preyed on by birds and animals. In this regard, it is necessary to strengthen field management and drive away enemies in a timely manner. In addition, when shrimps are stocked, domestic ducks must be prohibited from entering the ditches to avoid losses.