Chi mushrooms are perennial, annual or biennial herbaceous plants, preferring warmth and humidity, sufficient sunlight and organic matter-rich, fertile and sticky soil. During the growing period, it requires ventilation and light
, and it is strong in fertilizer tolerance, and is not resistant to frost and drought. The full growing period of 180-220 days, the lunar calendar December market. Dajiang Town, Taishan City, Shachong Village, Doo-dong mushrooms
Have a long history of cultivation, mushrooms are rich in protein, fat and vitamins, high nutritional value. The bulb is boiled for food and has an excellent flavor. In recent years
years, Taishan City, Dajiang Town vigorously develop the production of cichlid mushrooms, cultivation of cichlid mushrooms is the use of fertile land, ponds, low-lying land and early rice paddies planted lotus roots dug lotus roots and then planted
cichlid mushrooms. Planted in the eighth month of the lunar calendar, harvested before and after the Spring Festival, mu yield 2000-2500 kg, high yield of 3000-3500 kg, mu income 2000-3000 yuan.
The use of low-lying land, pond cultivation of mushrooms, is a considerable economic income for local farmers. Cultivation techniques of cichlid mushrooms are introduced as follows:
One, the selection of varieties and characteristics
1, white meat cichlid mushrooms: planted near the suburbs of Guangzhou more. The bulb is flat and round, 3-4 centimeters high, 5-6 centimeters across, with dense nodes and white skin
, weighing 0.1-0.15 pounds individually. Roots are fibrous, occurring from the shortened stem of the plant, usually more than 40 centimeters long, and are finely divided. Growing period 110
-120 days, strong resistance, bulb formation is not easy to regenerate side shoots. Flesh white more solid, excellent quality, high yield, more resistant to storage and transportation.
2, sand mushrooms: more planted in Taishan City. Bulb ovoid, 5-6 centimeters high, 4-5 centimeters across the diameter, nodes denser, skin yellow-white, mushroom head is large,
Single weight of about 0.1 -0.2 catty. The growing period is 110-120 days. Strong resistance, wide adaptability, bulb formation is not easy to produce side shoots. Mushrooms, high yield
high, yellow-white meat, starch, no bitter flavor, excellent quality, fluffy meat, smooth and tasty, thin skin is not resistant to storage and transportation.
3, sugar mushrooms: in Taishan City, Dajiang Town, Shachong village planted more. Bulb ellipsoidal, 8-10 cm high, cross diameter 5-6 cm, section more dense, skin white
color, mushroom head is large like a duck egg, a single weight of about 0.2 -0.2 5 kg, the growth period of 120-125 days, 7-8 days later than the sand mushrooms ripe. Strong resistance, fertility
strong, suitable for fertile pond planting, meat white, containing less starch, smooth and crisp, good gel consistency, excellent quality, sweet and delicious, thin skin,
intolerance of storage and transportation. Mushroom sparse, slightly lower production, the market price is high.
Two, good mushroom seedling
Chi mushrooms from the axils of the leaves between the strong force of the vine, the general production of large fields using the bulb for asexual reproduction of the top bud. During the period from the beginning of spring to the rainy season in February, select the bulbs with large and upright mushroom shape and without disease or damage to the terminal buds and place them directly into pots or small fields for cultivation. After fine fertilizer and water management, the seedlings will grow
in about 30-40 days. Before and after the Qingming Festival, when the temperature stabilizes above 15℃, choose a fertile paddy field facing the wind and the sun, and use the terminal buds to raise seedlings. After the growth of seedlings constantly
pull out the grape stems, fertilization with rotted human dung and urine 2-3 times, the grape stems at higher temperatures, especially at 20 ℃ or more, the terminal buds develop faster planting
When the planting has 3-4 leaves can be pulled out and transplanted to raise seedlings. To grow 2-3 leaves again when applying rotted human urine or urea, compound fertilizer 1-2 times,
so that the seedlings grow faster. This strengthens the fertilizer management, so that the growth of cichlid mushroom seedlings thick, green leaves, to meet the transplant seedling planting standards.
Three, land preparation, fertilization, reasonable dense planting
Large field planting ci mushrooms generally choose ponds, low-lying land and fertile paddy fields suitable for planting, planting should be deep tilling and raking the soil, applying sufficient fertilizer.
Prior to planting in the field, the soil should be fertilized with 2000-2500 kilograms of rotted pig shit, cow dung, chicken shit, or 60-80 kilograms of peanut bran, 50-80 kilograms of phosphorus fertilizer, 200-250 kilograms of grass-ash
, or 25-30 kilograms of potassium sulphate as basal fertilizer and the soil should be deep-turned over to level and composted for 10 days or so before planting.
Planting mushrooms is suitable for July-August in the lunar calendar, transplanting density: fat field can be sparse, thin field can be denser, the general spacing of 40 × 40 cm, mu planting
2800-3000 seedlings. The depth of planting is about 8 centimeters. Before transplanting, pull up the cichlid mushroom seedlings, seedling height 25-30 cm, the old yellow leaves peeled off, leaving 3-4
leaf cichlid mushroom seedlings, and then use a knife to excise the top part of the leaf 1/3, stay about 25 cm, each plant to stay 3 leaves and 1 heart, and excise the old root part of the 2.5 cm, with
knife cut flat, pay attention not to cut the growing point, planting, according to the plant spacing requirements inserted in the soil, the plant rows, the plant rows, the plant rows, the plant rows, the plant rows, the plant rows, the plant rows, the plant rows, the plant rows, the plant rows, the plant rows. Adopt the north-south direction, in order to facilitate ventilation and light.
After planting, the field should maintain a shallow water layer, the mud surface water depth of 2-3 centimeters, in order to facilitate the opening of the roots and leaves. 2-3 days after planting to check the wind blown down seedlings, to straighten re-insertion
seedlings, to promote balanced growth across the field.
Four, fertilizer management
1, scientific water use: ci mushrooms in the field of the growth period to maintain a shallow water layer of 5-10 cm is appropriate to prevent the field break, especially against drought, stem and leaf fall yellow.
Pre-seedling small, should be irrigated shallow water about 1 inch; mid-growth, should be appropriate irrigation deep water 4-5 inches, and pay attention to the principle of diligently changing cool fresh water to cool down and prevent disease
; late gradually falling temperatures, grape stems and a large number of pumping, is the period of mushrooms, should be maintained on the surface of the field 1 inch shallow layer of water, in order to facilitate the formation of mushrooms.
2, timely fertilizer: ci mushrooms to base fertilizer as the main, supplementary fertilizer. Fertilizer should depend on the growth trend, generally 10-12 days after planting the first fertilizer, mu
Species of rotted human urine 800-1000 kg, or mu 7-10 kg of urea, plant-by-plant away from the stem head next to the 10 cm point of application, or point of application of 45% ternary composite fertilizer
, can be more rapid growth. 20 days after sowing combined with plowing and weeding, stripped of old leaves and split plants, buried in the soil between the rows as fertilizer, and the second chase
fertilizer. That is, in the 35-40 days after planting mu of rotted human manure 1000-1500 kg, or mu sprinkled urea 10-12 kg, 200-250 kg of grass ash
, or 75-100 kg of peanut bran, with 3-4 pieces of peanut bran deep inserted next to the plant, from the stem head of the 10 centimeters, in order to promote the plant leaves green, bulb expansion.
The third fertilizer in the winter to the snow before the application, in the pressure of grape stems or circle root before 3-4 days, called "strong tail fertilizer", to promote the formation of mushrooms. Per mu of rotted
1000-1500 kilograms of human manure, or urea 8-10 kilograms of spreading, 15-20 kilograms of potassium sulfate, or 45% compound fertilizer 30-40 kilograms. The fourth
The fourth time in the frost before the re-application of strong mushroom fertilizer, with 10-15 kg of urea manure and potassium sulfate 25-30 kg per acre mixed under the application, or the application of 45% compound fertilizer 45-50
kg. This fertilizer should be fast, do not delay, too late to apply will lead to late slow growth, can not achieve the role of strong mushrooms.
3, stripping leaves and circling roots, pressure top buds: in the planting 7-10 days combined with plowing and weeding, grow to 7-8 leaves, then begin to strip the old leaves, each
seedling 4-5 large leaves, in order to facilitate the ventilation and light, to improve the utilization rate of photosynthesis. Regular stripping of old yellow leaves can improve the role of disease prevention. The next 7-10 days
peeling the old yellow leaves once, seedling new leaves 4 leaves 1 heart. Where the grape stems exposed to the soil of the sub-plants (top bud green), should be promptly removed and buried in the field as fertilizer. To
around winter, around the base of the plant 2 inches with a sickle inserted into the mud to cut a circle, cut off the old grape branches, called "circle root", so that nutrients are concentrated to promote
new grape stems to grow, and promote bulb expansion. If the sand mushrooms planted too late, it is not appropriate to circle the root, the application of the top of the bud head way. Pressure head is in late October before the frost
After the split seedlings sticking out of the mud surface, with the hand diagonally pressed into the mud at a depth of 10 centimeters, in order to suppress the growth of the above ground, and promote the underground part of the bulb expanded into a large
stem.
Fifth, the control of pests and diseases
The main disease of the mushroom is powdery mildew. Prevention and control of black powder disease can implement crop rotation, choose disease-free cichlid mushrooms for seed; more phosphorus and potassium fertilizer and organic fertilizer.
When the disease occurs, you can spray 15% triadimefon 1000 times, or 50% carbendazim 500 times, or 75% chlorothalonil 600 times, or 50% fuk
mebendazole 500 times, spray every 7 days, spraying 3-4 times, the prevention and control effect is good.
When mottled disease occurs, 75% Chlorothalonil 800 times, or 50% carbendazim 600 times, with 1:0.5:200 times Bordeaux solution
plus 0.1% sulfur powder, spray every 7 days, spray 2-3 times.