Pepper is China's traditional seasonings and spices, China's native pepper 39 species, from Liaodong Peninsula in the north to Hainan Island in the south, east from Taiwan west to southeastern Tibet are distributed.
Native to China's pepper plants are mainly the following:
Pepper, also known as Qin pepper, Feng pepper, Sichuan pepper, pepper, etc., pepper in Gansu has been more than 2,000 years of cultivation history, the Northern Wei Dynasty distinguished agronomist Jia Si Fo in the "Qi Min Yao Shu" recorded: "Sichuan pepper out of Wudu, Qin pepper out of Tianshui", Gansu Longnan, Tianshui area of the pepper, the pepper, the pepper, the pepper, the pepper, the pepper, the pepper, the pepper, the pepper and the pepper, the pepper, the pepper. Longnan, Gansu, Tianshui area of pepper with its rich aroma, hemp flavor, color and color and reputation, as early as the Tang Dynasty has been listed as tribute.
Peppercorns originating in the north from the south of the Northeast, south to the five Ridge ( Dayu Ling, Yuecheng Ling, riding the field of Ridge, Mengzhu Ridge, are the general name of Pang Ridge, is located in Jiangxi, Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi four provinces (autonomous regions) in between, the Yangtze River and the Pearl River Basin watershed < / strong > ) North Slope, Southeast to the coastal strip of Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Southwest to the southeastern part of Tibet; Taiwan, Hainan and Guangdong does not produce it. Commonly found in plains to higher elevations of the mountains, also planted on slopes up to 2500 meters above sea level in Qinghai.
Pepper trees in NW Yunnan commonly have developed stamens on female flowers, and the size of their tepals sometimes varies greatly.
Peppercorns in Shaanxi, southern Gansu and western and northwestern Sichuan, the margins of the leaflets have large serrated teeth, the fruiting pedicels are slender and long, the fruiting petals are small, but the color is bright red, purple or magenta,.
Other regions of the pepper, its fruiting peduncle is generally thicker and shorter, fruiting petals dry more dark reddish brown. Peppercorns born in the south, flowering earlier, about mid-March, the fruit is also earlier, but the pericarp contains less oil than in the north.
Qinghai, Ningxia, Gansu, Shaanxi and Sichuan produced the best, Liaoning, Hebei, Shandong, Henan, Shanxi and other provinces are also excellent.
Peppercorns on the market due to the different production areas and harvesting seasons, trade names are also many:
Northwest part of the region and the Southwest of the production of commonly known as Chuanjiao, or Chuanhongpepper, also known as the big red robe .
Fruit skin color red, oil point large, convex, aroma, flavor and spicy, seedless, brittle, endocarp yellowish white, the best quality. As for the rind color light red, small, closed (not yet cracked to the seed), the taste is not pure, is a second-class.
Wild pepper, also known as pepper, rock pepper, green pepper, soil pepper, etc., mainly distributed in the south of the Yangtze River and the mountains of northern China in the bush, produced in Qinghai, Gansu, Shandong, Henan, Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Hubei, Jiangxi, Taiwan, Fujian, Hunan and northeastern Guizhou.
Wild peppercorns are found in the flatlands, low hills or slightly higher mountains under sparse or dense forests, sun-loving, drought-resistant. Suitable for warm and humid and deep fertile loamy soil, sandy loam, strong tiller, cold-resistant, drought-resistant, sun-loving, strong resistance to disease, long life of hidden buds, so strong pruning resistance, intolerance of waterlogging, short-term waterlogging can be caused by death.
wild peppercorns as herbal medicine, temperature, taste pungent, hemp tongue, have warmed and dispersed cold, stomach and remove dampness, pain and kill worms, detoxification, stop itching the efficacy of the fishy, can be used to treat food, stop drinking, er, vomiting, wind and cold and dampness caused by the joints and muscle pain, epigastric cold, diarrhea, dysentery, ascariasis, pruritus and other diseases.
Sichuan-Shaanxi pepper is also known as Dajin pepper, Pi's pepper, small-leaf pepper. This species can be used as a rootstock for pepper, the fruit skin can be extracted aromatic oil, the seeds can also be extracted oil. Produced in Shaanxi, Gansu (Huixian, Chengxian) two provinces in the south, Sichuan (Dajin, Lixian, Sounghua).
Bamboo leaf pepper is also known as bamboo leaf pepper, pepper, dog pepper, two-faced needle. The rind of the fruit is strong and slightly less flavorful. Produced south of Shandong, south to Hainan, southeast to Taiwan, southwest to southeastern Tibet.
The whole plant has a pepper odor, fruit hemp tongue, bitter and spicy taste are thicker than pepper, the peel of the strongest spicy flavor. Newborn shoots purple-red. Root stout, outer skin rough, with mud yellow loose cork layer, inner skin sulfur yellow, very spicy.
The fruit is also used as a food flavoring and preservative, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Hunan, Guangxi and other acquisitions for pepper substitute. There is a small amount of cultivation in the mountains, or as pepper rootstock.
Usually 1 ~ 2 m high shrub; stem branches with short spines, spine base compressed on both sides, shoots dark purple-red.
Generally grows north of the Five Ridges, most provinces south of Liaoning, but not in Yunnan. It grows in a variety of habitats from plains to 800 m above sea level in open forests or scrub on mountains or beside rocks. It is also found in Korea and Japan.
In addition, pepper plants are also prickly pepper, Lingnan pepper, Murdock pepper, heterophyllous pepper, puberulent pepper, winged pepper, pedunculated pepper, wave leaf pepper, Pingtung pepper, Tsubaki leaf pepper, cuspidata pepper, Shishan pepper, brown leaf pepper, ink-shell pepper, prickly shell pepper, pepper, pepper, mikkoshi pepper, Lanyu pepper, pepper, Yunnan pepper, Guangxi pepper, pepper, ink-shell pepper, Leibao pepper, Libao pepper, large flower pepper, small flowers, pepper, pepper, pepper, and pepper, and pepper. In addition, it is also known as the "Big-flowered Pepper", "Small-flowered Pepper", "Duo Pepper", "Multi-leaf Pepper", "Big-leafed Stinky Pepper", "Pointed-leafed Pepper", "Diamond-leafed Pepper", "Pepper Leucaena leucocephala", "Narrow-leaved Pepper", "Felt-leafed Pepper", "Xichou Pepper", "Yuanjiang Pepper" etc.
The text of this article is from the book "Cultivation, Management and Pruning of Peppercorns for High Quality and Productivity"