Types and differential diagrams of dermatophytosis
1, tinea facialis: it is caused by Trichophyton rubrum infection, showing a typical annular lesion with a little scale on the edge. However, it is not obvious because of frequent face washing, and the edge is red and swollen and active due to improper application of external drugs. This kind of patients usually only use a towel to wash their whole body, which is caused by infections in other parts of the body, especially tinea pedis.
2, tinea manuum: caused by Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes infection, more common in young and middle-aged women. Most of the lesions are unilateral, and few are visible on both sides. It can be divided into blister scale type: it occurs in fingers, palms and wrists. The lesion is a deep blister the size of a needle tip at the beginning. The blister fluid is clear, the wall is thick and shiny, and it is not easy to break. Can be combined with clustered blisters, itching is obvious. After the blister is dried, part of it falls off and can continue to spread around. Hyperkeratosis type: blisters are not obvious, skin lesions are mostly dry and thickened, and the surface is rough and prone to chapped bleeding, generally without itching, and there is pain when chapped. Erosion type: it mostly occurs between fingers, especially between 3~4 and 4~5. It shows that the skin turns white due to soaking, and the surface is soft and easy to peel off. When secondary bacterial infection occurs, it reveals a flush and rotten surface, even cracking, with different degrees of itching and odor.
3, tinea cruris: caused by Trichophyton floccosum, Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes infection. It often occurs near the thigh and scrotum, generally on the left side, often involving both sides at the same time, which can expand the skin infection of buttocks. The damage boundary is clear, the edge bulges, forming a semi-ring, accompanied by desquamation, and itching occurs locally when it is hot and humid. Scrotal skin can be completely normal or only slightly affected.
4, tinea versicolor: caused by malassezia infection, mostly in the chest, back, abdomen and limbs, less common in the face, scalp and genitals. At first, it was a small spot, which gradually expanded into a round or maculopapular rash the size of soybeans to broad beans, with clear boundaries; The surface is covered with dust-like or chaff-like scales and shiny. The color can be white, reddish brown or fawn, with flowers and spots in black and white. Generally, there are no obvious symptoms, and occasionally there is mild itching.
5. athlete's foot: the pathogen of athlete's foot is basically the same as tinea manus, which is more common in men, followed by women and rare in children. Usually one foot is infected first, and after a long time, both sides are infected. Clinical classification is the same as tinea manus.
6. tinea corporis: refers to the infection of dermatophytes on smooth skin except palms and soles, groin, vulva and perianal area. It can be caused by various skin fungi, such as Trichophyton rubrum, microsporum canis and Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Can occur in all parts of the body, the basic damage is papules, blisters or papules, forming a round or quasi-round erythema, the center often fades, and the periphery is a circle of scales that expand outward, and the annular damage of erythema is slightly higher than the skin in the scale circle.
How should tinea be prevented?
1, washbasin, footbath, towel, bath towel and other daily necessities should be dedicated. Don't use your used items after you get sick, in case it happens again.
2, suffering from tinea, it is best not to scratch, so as to avoid infection and self-infection after scratching.
3. The clothes, shoes and socks worn by tinea patients should be wide and breathable, and should be replaced frequently. Patients with tinea pedis should try to wear cloth shoes or sandals in summer, instead of rubber shoes and sneakers. Conditional underwear and pantyhose can be boiled and disinfected.
People with tinea try to take a shower instead of swimming in the swimming pool. When kindergartens, primary schools and other collective units find tinea capitis, they should immediately treat it in isolation to avoid spreading. There are animals with tinea around, so we should treat them in time. Don't touch and play with these sick animals before treatment.
5. Strengthen physical exercise and improve disease resistance.
6, tinea is easy to relapse, effective antifungal drugs should be used in treatment, and the dose and course of treatment are sufficient. The medicine should be taken under the guidance of a dermatologist.