Pre-Qin literature

Ancient Myth: It refers to the ancient myths and legends of China. ※. Its emergence was mainly related to the social environment with low productivity and harsh natural conditions at that time. It was mainly preserved in unearthed materials and early literature works such as The Classic of Mountains and Seas and The Biography of Mu Tianzi. Its content was rich and complicated, including the myth of creation, the myth of ancestor, the myth of flood, the myth of war and the myth of invention and creation, which strongly reflected the Chinese nation's deep sense of hardship, the consciousness of loving the people and the rebellious spirit of our ancestors, and its concrete image thinking in literature.

Sheng poetry: refers to Nan Chang, Bai Hua, You Geng, Chong Qiu and You Yi in Xiaoya. All these six poems have no words. It is generally believed in academic circles that sheng poetry is a sheng song with sound and no words in the Book of Songs.

Three Poems: Three Poems refer to the three poems of Lu, Qi and Han that appeared in the Book of Songs after the Qin Fire. Three poems were established as doctors and became official schools in the Western Han Dynasty. Lu's poems come from Shen Pei, Qi's poems come from Yuan Gu, Qi's poems come from Han Ying, a Yan. But in the end, the ancient prose "Mao Shi" written by Mao Heng of Lu and Mao Ji of Zhao was widely circulated among the people, and both of them died successively.

Explanation: Ancient prose and modern prose are schools of thought formed by different fonts and versions of the Book of Songs.

Epic of Zhou clan: It refers to Shengmin (the deliberation and birth of the ancestor Hou Ji and his contribution to agriculture), Gong Liu (the history of Zhou people's migration from Tai to Zhi by Gong Liu) and Mian (the history of Zhou people's migration from Zhi to Qi by Gu Gongqi's father) in the Book of Songs, and narrates the history of Wen Wang. ) and other five poems.

Ode to elegance: It refers to the classification of The Book of Songs. The "wind" refers to the musical tune, and the national wind refers to the musical tune of various places. The Fifteen Kingdoms Wind 160 includes Nan Zhou, Zhaonan, Qifeng, Qifeng, Wei Feng, Zheng Feng, Qifeng, etc. "Elegance" means that the imperial court is happy, and the music tune of Wang Ji in the Western Zhou Dynasty. Elegance is divided into elegance and elegance. Daya 3 1 is the works of the Western Zhou Dynasty, and Xiaoya 74 * * * (mostly works in the late Western Zhou Dynasty, and a few works in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty). "Ode" is the joy of sacrifice in the ancestral temple, and many of them are dance music. It is divided into Zhou Song (3 1 article), Lu Song (4 articles) and Shang Song (5 articles).

Fu Bixing: Fu Bixing is the main literary expression of The Book of Songs, which is not only an important symbol of the artistic characteristics of The Book of Songs, but also the basic technique of ancient Chinese poetry creation. In short, fu is to tell the truth and express the thoughts and feelings and related things with the poet. Comparison is an analogy. Comparing one thing with another, the poet has skill or emotion, and uses one thing as an analogy. Xing is to touch things to stimulate words, and objective things trigger the poet's emotions and cause the poet to sing, so most of them are at the beginning of poetry. It has a great influence on the development of China's classical poetry and literary creation.

Spring and Autumn Annals: Spring and Autumn Annals is a general term for the history of Zhou Dynasty and vassal states, and later refers to the chronicle of Lu State revised by Confucius. Its secretarial system, with conscious awareness of keeping records and writing examples, is the first chronicle in China.

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Sports history books. It records the history from the year of Luyin to the fourteenth year of Lu Aigong (722- 48 BC1). Its way of keeping records is "taking events as the day, taking Japanese months, taking months as the time, and taking time as the year." Moreover, Spring and Autumn Annals, as a "masterpiece of etiquette", poured into the author's strong emotional approach, which was inherited by later generations of historical biography literature. This creative technique is called "Spring and Autumn brushwork" by later generations.

※ Songs of Chu: The name of "Songs of Chu" first appeared in the reign of Emperor Wu of the Western Han Dynasty, and later collected Qu Yuan and Song Yu from Liu Xiang in the Western Han Dynasty.

People's works, compiled into a book "Chu Ci". Specifically, the Ci of Chu refers to the creation of poems and fu with the local characteristics of Chu, which is obviously different from the northern poetry in form. Represented by Qu Yuan, Song Yu and others, his poems have magnificent and romantic literary and artistic expressions. At the same time, because of its close relationship with the witchcraft culture and language and cultural customs in the south, his poems have formed a romantic literary style with vanilla beauty as the symbol and artistic conception on the basis of compatibility with the Book of Songs and the southern style. This makes it and The Book of Songs become one of the literary development sources of traditional poetry.

Literature of Han Dynasty

Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals: also known as Lu Lan. This book is a theoretical work produced in the late Warring States Period. It was named because it was written by Lv Buwei, the prime minister of Qin State. The whole book has a strict system, and it is divided into twelve periods, with 5 articles per period; Eight views, 8 articles each; Six theories, each with six articles, plus the preface *** 16 1 article, which is now 160 articles. The whole book is neatly divided into chapters, and it is structurally combined into a complete system called "Law World". This naturally brings different theories into their own theoretical framework skillfully. The editor is quite ingenious in eclecticism, and his literary ideas are beyond the pre-Qin philosophers.

Stone Inscription: Stone Inscription refers to the fact that after the Qin Dynasty unified China, it carved stones in various places for many times to show its merits. There are 7 existing carved stones, most of which are written in rhymes with four words by Li Si. Among them, except Langyatai stone carving is two sentences and one rhyme, the rest of Yishan stone carving and other articles are all three sentences and one rhyme. put in order is concise and catchy, which is the original creation of Qin literature.

Han Da Fu (New Style Fu): Han Da Fu is the most representative style of literature in the Han Dynasty. It is between poetry and prose, with both rhyme and prose. It can be said that poetry is prose and prose is poetic. Han Da Fu accepted all kinds of styles and formed a new literary system. It draws lessons from the forms of questions and answers between the subject and the object of Chu Ci and the vertical and horizontal essays of the Warring States, and draws on the narrative techniques of pre-Qin historical biography prose, and often incorporates poetry into it. Judging from the poetic forms adopted, there are traditional four-character poems, and new five-character poems and seven-character poems. The stylistic sources of Han Dafu are various, and it is a comprehensive literary style. Its huge capacity and strong expressive ability are largely benefited from. Mei Cheng's "Seven Hair" marks the formal formation of the new style of Han Da Fu, and Sima Xiangru's works represent the highest achievement of Han Da Fu. The main writer of Dafu in the late Western Han Dynasty was Yang Xiong. Ban Gu's Fu on Two Capitals and Zhang Heng's Fu on Two Capitals are two masterpieces of great Fu in the Eastern Han Dynasty.

Chu Ci (Sao Ci Fu): Because the upper class in the early Han Dynasty admired Chu culture, this fashion influenced the literati group and produced the Sao Ci Fu, which was the ancestor of Qu Yuan's Chu Ci. His works are different from the positive eulogy of Han Da Fu. Most of them rely on Qu Yuan, focusing on lyricism, and most of them express depression, style and "separation"

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Sao is similar. In the process of development, this kind of fu gradually merged with Han Da Fu, which is always called Ci Fu. Therefore, such works are called Sao Fu. Jia Yi's Ode to Hanging Qu Yuan, Sima Qian's Ode to Miserable Men, Dong Zhongshu's Ode to Miserable Men, and Huainan Xiaoshan's Ode to Recruiting Yin are the most representative works.