Dandelion (TaraxacummongolicumHand,-Mazz.), also known as mother-in-law, yellow flowers, yellow flowers, yellow flowers, yellow flowers, yellow flowers, milk juice grass, etc., for the Asteraceae dandelion genus of perennial herbs. Beginning in the "Tang Materia Medica", said: "Dandelion grass, leaves like chicory, flowers yellow, broken with white juice, people are eating." Sun Simiao, "Thousand Gold Formula" for eiderdowns, Su Song, "Tujing Materia Medica" for servant poppies, "Compendium of Materia Medica" dandelion in the Department of Vegetables, said: "Ding, the north and south of the river is quite a lot of, and there are also other places, Lingnan is absolutely no. Small family cloth ground, scattered in all directions, but not in the south of the mountain. Small family cloth ground, scattered and born. Stem, leaves, flowers, flocculent and like chicory, but small ears, seedlings can be eaten."

Dandelion's edible value, medicinal value, nutritional value in the "Compendium of Materia Medica", "Dictionary" and successive generations of medical dictionaries have been given a very high evaluation and affirmation. Dandelion contains dandelion alcohol, choline, organic acids, inulin, glucose, Vc, Vd, carotene and other nutrients, as well as rich in trace elements, the most important of which is the presence of a large number of iron, Ca and other minerals needed by the human body. Its Ca content for guava 2.2 times, prickly pear 3.2 times, iron content for prickly pear 4 times, hawthorn 3.5 times. From the viewpoint of edible nutrition, the human body is most likely to lack of inorganic elements only Ca and iron. Therefore, dandelion has very important nutritional value. The United States, Japan's research found that the high nutritional value of dandelion in the natural world is very rare, is a kind of high-dimensional nutritional dishes. Dandelion food has begun to popularize in the United States, Japan. Modern medical research shows that it has "anti-virus, anti-infection, anti-tumor" role of the three, has attracted international attention.

Dandelion is a perennial herbaceous wild plant of Asteraceae family with white latex in the whole plant, known as one of the eight great diamonds in traditional Chinese medicine, which is not only a kind of highly nutritious health food but also widely used in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries, with a very broad market prospect. The edible part of the plant is young seedlings or young leaves, which can be eaten raw or fried, made into soup, or mixed with cold food after being washed. Dandelion is used as medicine with the whole herb, which has the function of clearing heat and removing toxins, eliminating pain and dispersing knots. It is also a good raw material for making drinks, canned food, flower tea and cosmetics. Dandelion wild growth in the roadside, ditch side, house side, wasteland, field and hilly areas, adaptability is very strong, popular, has become increasingly popular wild vegetables. Dandelion can also be cultivated to meet market demand. In recent years in some areas of China has been a certain area of artificial domestication cultivation, has now figured out a set of practical cultivation techniques.

Dandelion farm

For thousands of years, dandelion has been a seasonal wild vegetable that people generally enjoy eating. In recent years, with the development and utilization of its value of in-depth research, from the past degree of barren wild vegetables into hotels, restaurants table delicacies. In particular, the confirmation of its health care function has attracted the attention of medical experts and nutrition experts. The State Ministry of Health recently included dandelion in one of the varieties of medicine and food, a number of medical health care products also appeared, coupled with the application of traditional Chinese medicine, dandelion's great economic value is being fully realized. Therefore, in addition to the collection of wild resources, the artificial cultivation of dandelion is also quietly emerging.

Botanical Characteristics

Dandelion is a perennial herb with similar characteristics. Taproot system, the main root is thick, the depth of the soil up to 1m or less, the root is regenerative, after breaking the root can grow new roots, no stems, leaves basal, rosulate, entire or inverted pinnatifid or lyre-like pinnatifid, the scape erect, sparsely or densely covered with arachnid woolly hairs, the head was born on the apex of the scape, the involucre campanulate or cylindrical, involucral bracts of 3 to 4 layers, the flower tube, ligule yellow or white, achenes ovate long, brown, dark brown, brown, crown hairs white, dirty white or yellow.

Biological Characteristics

The dandelion is highly adaptable, and is extremely resistant to cold, heat, drought, acid and alkali, and barrenness. It can germinate when the local temperature reaches l ~ 2 ℃, and its roots overwinter in the open ground, and can withstand the low temperature of -40 ℃. But prefer cool, moist and sunny climatic conditions. In the shady slopes under humid environmental conditions, the leaves are stretched, fat, dark green, in sunny dry places, the leaves are wrinkled, and the appropriate temperature for growth is 20 to 22 ℃. Dandelion seeds can be drifted to every corner with the wind after maturity, thus determining its wide distribution. Widely distributed in China, born in fields, wasteland, slopes, roadsides, grass, forest edge ditch side, river beach sand, etc.. Can grow in many types of soil, if in the soil layer is deep, fertile, moist forest edge ditch side of the more vigorous growth.

Dandelion resource distribution

Many countries in the world, such as the United States, France, Japan, Russia, etc., have wild or planted dandelion. Dandelion distribution in China is more extensive, North China, Central China, East China, Northeast China and other regions of many places, spring, summer and autumn, fields, roadsides, slopes, as well as in front of the house, there are dandelion growth; artificial cultivation of dandelion units or individuals is also increasing. The development and utilization of dandelion has a broad prospect.

Dandelion use

1. dandelion medicinal value of dandelion can cure diseases, ancient records. For example, Li Shizhen's "Compendium of Materia Medica" said: "Women's breast canker sores, boiled sweat drink and sealing, immediately eliminated. Detoxification of food, dispersal of stagnant gas, the transformation of heat and poison, elimination of malignant swelling, tuberculosis, treatment of swelling ...... hair, strong muscles and bones. White juice: painted evil thorns, fox urine thorn sores, that is, healing." Modern medicine has also confirmed that dandelion has a high medicinal value. Its roots contain a variety of triterpene alcohols for dandelion sterol, dandelion Sai alcohol, dandelion bittersweet and caffeic acid, inulin, pectin: the whole grass contains inositol, asparagine, bitterness, saponins, resin, inulin, pectin, choline: flowers containing buttercup yellow pigment, vitamin B2 and so on. Dandelion on Staphylococcus aureus drug-resistant strains, hemolytic streptococcus and pneumococcus, meningococcus, diphtheria bacillus, green bacillus, bacillus, typhoid bacillus, dysentery bacillus and so on have a certain bactericidal effect. Long-term, a large number of facts have proved: dandelion is a precious Chinese herbal medicine, sweet, bitter, cold, with heat detoxification, carbuncle dispersal, anti-inflammatory, cool blood, diuretic, choleretic, diarrhea, stomach, cancer prevention and other functions. The main treatment: acute mastitis, mumps, lymphadenitis, scrofula, healing poisonous sores and swellings, acute conjunctivitis, pharyngitis, colds and fevers, acute tonsillitis, rheumatoid arthritis, acute bronchitis, gastritis, hepatitis, pneumonia, cholecystitis, acute and chronic appendicitis, urinary tract infections, osteomyelitis, vaginitis, pelvic inflammatory disease, dodecal ulcers, acne, acne, stones, and many kinds of cancers and other dozens of diseases. Its prescription is widely spread in the folk, many medical books and newspapers and magazines also I have published.

2. Dandelion dietary therapy is good dandelion, whether it is wild or artificial cultivation, are rich in nutrients for the special vegetables. Tender dandelion grass edible part of about 84%, and per 100g, edible part of protein 4.8g, fat 1.1g, sugar 5.0g, crude fiber 2.1g, calcium 216.0mg, phosphorus 93.0mg, iron 10.2mg, carotene 7.35mg Vitamin B10.03mg, Vitamin B20.39mg, Vitamin C47.0mg, Nitric acid 1.9g, Vitamin B20.39mg, Vitamin B20.39mg, Vitamin C47.0mg. Dandelion is not only rich in nutrients, but also has a high medicinal value. Therefore, it is not ordinary ordinary special vegetables, but a valuable therapeutic good vegetables. How to eat? The Compendium of Materia Medica has a sentence: "Dandelion seedlings can be eaten, raw food for infectious diseases is particularly good. "From this, dandelion can be fried and eaten, and can also be used as a cold dish. Of course, it can also be used in conjunction with other dishes and condiments, cooked into a variety of color, flavor and good therapeutic delicacies. Such as dandelion fried shredded pork, because dandelion has a heat detoxification, swelling and knot function, pork has a nourishing Yin moist, tonic effect, the two with the production of dishes, not only taste delicious, but also provide a variety of nutrients, and thus can be dietary therapy for colds, gastritis, coughs, blood, as well as treatment of poisonous sores and swellings and so on; dandelion with garlic, can be dietary therapy for acute mastitis, lymphadenitis, acute conjunctivitis, cholecystitis, gastritis, hepatitis, treatment of sores and swellings and poisonous, and so on. Dandelion with garlic can be used to treat acute mastitis, lymphadenitis, acute conjunctivitis, cholecystitis, gastritis, hepatitis, sores, scrofula, etc. Dandelion and mung bean soup can be used to treat many kinds of inflammation, urinary tract infection, constipation. In addition, manufacturers can also use deep processing methods, the dandelion into dandelion coffee, dandelion drinks and a variety of health food for sale, not only can achieve better economic benefits, but also conducive to people's health, but also promote the development of the dandelion industry, it is really a one-two punch.

3. Dandelion has a certain cosmetic role dandelion is not only nutritious, high medicinal value, is a good vegetable, medicine, and also in the beauty of a wider range of applications. Whether you are dry skin, oily skin, aging skin, or freckles, pigmented spots, dermatitis, acne, acne, bearded sores, white hair, hair loss, etc., dandelion can help you eliminate the "lack of beauty", to get rid of the trouble, so that you "white wall flawless", "the", "the", "the". The dandelion can help you eliminate the "lack of beauty" and get rid of the trouble, making you "white wall flawless" and glowing. Such as dandelion and forsythia, woodruff with, can be used for skin care - treatment of acne; dandelion and amaranth with, can be used for the treatment of oil-colored dermatitis; dandelion decoction filtered, take the juice coated face, can be used for the treatment of dry skin dandelion mashed into honey, can be used for the treatment of wrinkled skin; dandelion flowers boiled juice, morning and evening, coated face, can be used for the treatment of freckles, face and face, can be used for the treatment of freckles. Face, can be used for freckles, pigmentation spots; dandelion juice, parsley juice mixed for emollient liquid, can be used for the treatment of albino pigmented spots.

4. Dandelion can be used as veterinary medicine dandelion is not only a good human dietary therapy and medicine, but also in animal husbandry and veterinary medicine to get a wider range of applications, both as a valuable feed additives, but also for the treatment of a variety of livestock diseases. Such as dandelion grass with water and juice infusion, can treat livestock upper respiratory tract infections; dandelion decoction hot wash the affected area, can treat livestock mastitis; dandelion, violet dicotyledonin, dongguazi, can treat livestock emphysema, fever and asthma; dandelion and Artemisia annua paired with the treatment of goat urinary astringent pain, fever, belly bloating; dandelion, wangburexin*** research powder to the yellow wine, brown sugar as a lead, can treat the mother of livestock lack of breast milk; Dandelion decoction with sugar, can treat cattle, horses nosebleeds; dandelion, almonds, alum decoction warm, can treat cattle, horses laryngitis; dandelion, yellow chrysanthemum *** mashed on the affected area, can treat livestock carbuncle treatment sores.

5. Dandelion has a high ornamental value of "Hundred Flowers", "Group Mango Spectrum Interpretation" and other monographs on dandelion greening, landscaping, are informative about the role of the environment. Although the "Hundred Flowers" also pointed out that: "dandelion is not as delicate as peony, not as fragrant as roses, not as white as cherry blossoms, but it looks like a mortal and the inner show, the vitality is very strong." Dandelion inside the main performance: one is simple and simple, the growth is very strong, quite like the view: two is the spring and autumn twice, the spring flowering period is very early; three is the flower is not as big as peonies, roses, cherry blossoms of the showy, but the amount of its flowers and pure, distinctive, but also quite popular; four is the use of a wide range of multi-purpose, and half of the work is done twice as much. Its vitality is very strong main performance: one is planted once, can be used for many years; the second is the flower strikes into the flotsam, because the wind and fly, fall into the wetland that is born; three is not choose the soil, although thin ground, can also thrive; four is cold, heat, drought, flood, disease and insect resistance, natural disasters are very few; five can be with all kinds of weeds, and win the battle. Therefore, dandelion either ground cover planting or bonsai cultivation can achieve satisfactory results.

Cultivation of dandelion

1. Seed harvesting

Seeds mature after 13-15 days after flowering. Disk from green to yellow-green, the seeds were brown, then you can harvest; seed harvesting can be removed from the disk, stored ripe l ~ 2 days, to be fully dispersed disk, and then dry 1-2 days, to the seeds half-dry, rubbing off the tip of the seed fluff, and then sun in the seed. Seed thousand grain weight 1.5 ~ 29 or so, mature dandelion seeds have no dormant period.

2. Seed treatment

For early emergence of seedlings can be used to germinate warm water treatment, that is, the seeds placed in 50-55.C warm water, stirring until the water is cool, and then soak 8 small day inch, fishing out the seeds wrapped in a wet cloth, placed in a place of about 25 ℃, covered with a wet cloth above, and watered every morning and evening with warm water, about 3-4 days seed sprouting to be able to use the seed, and then the seeds can be used to germinate. -4 days seed sprouting can be sown.

3. Cultivation season

Dandelion is hardy, the local temperature reaches 1 ~ 2 ℃ can be germinated, the end of March each year can be sown, April can be harvested, the fall can also be sown cultivation, autumn sowing suitable period of July to August, 8 ~ 10 months harvest. Can also be transplanted seedlings, seedling transplantation can be l ~ February, sowing in greenhouses, 3 ~ 4 leaves when planting, planting immediately after watering, the survival rate of up to 95% or more.

4. Make a bed to sow seeds

Select deep soil, loose soil, rich in organic matter of the plot, deep turning 20 ~ 25cm, deep turning 667m2 into organic fertilizer, farmyard manure 3000-4000kg, harrowing, leveling, made into l ~ 1.3m wide beds, watering after sowing, sowing, strip sowing or sowing, 667m2 sowing amount of 400-400kg, the seed can be sown in the greenhouse. 667m2 sowing amount of 400-5009, sowing seed and fine river sand mixed (1:3) to ensure uniformity of sowing, after sowing mulch 0.3-0.5cm, keep the soil moist, the treated seeds about 5-7 days to seedling.

5. field management

Mid-tillage weeding and watering, combined with watering for fertilization, generally 667mz of urea 10-15kg, or ammonia bicarbonate 15-20kg. later in each crop after harvest should be fertilized, watering, and timely removal of weeds.

6. Harvesting

Dandelion edible mainly young leaves, when the young leaves grow to lO ~ 25cm, harvested for food. The medicinal use is the mature plant, the whole plant is harvested for medicine.