The formation of freezing damage is inseparable from low temperature. When the temperature is lower than the critical value of the plant, different tissues and organs of the grape will be damaged to varying degrees. The most serious thing is that the tree roots will freeze to death. When the temperature reaches minus 15 degrees, plants will die. Don't worry, such low temperatures won't happen in the south. The most important thing in the south is to prevent branches and buds from being damaged by low temperatures. Improper pruning of branches and ears during the fruiting period causes the tree to consume too much nutrients. In addition, the trees were not picked in time and nutrients were not replenished in time. For example, when autumn fertilizer is applied, the branches cannot stop growing in time, resulting in insufficient nutrients stored in the branches. Overall, trees are fragile. After the grape leaves fall, the tree still evaporates water through epidermal cells and tissues, and plant root activity decreases in winter. When the water in the soil cannot meet the absorption of the roots, it will lead to a reduction of water in the plant. When low temperatures come, the lack of water in the tree will cause physiological freezing damage.

Small molecule biochemical fulvic acid promotes root growth and cell division. Living roots, strong seedlings, natural active amino acids and chitin regulate plant metabolism, improve crop resistance to drought, cold and disease, and accelerate fertilizer granulation. Rapid movement toward the root surface enhances the root's ability to absorb nutrients. Activate available nutrient particles in the soil, reduce soil salt damage caused by excessive fertilization, improve soil structure, improve crop quality, extend the crop harvest period, and improve the storage stability of harvested crops. Grapes germinate late after frost damage, and the yellow growth after germination is weak. In severe cases, the buds will shrink severely, the buds will dry out, the leaves will turn yellow, and the petioles will rot and fall off. Control the yield, maintain the tree's nutrient reserves, and ensure the supply of nutrients to the branches and leaves to increase frost resistance.

The outer bark of a grapevine cools faster than the inner wood. When the temperature suddenly drops, it tends to crack longitudinally along the valve stem. The cortex of branches and vines stops growing earlier, while the pith often stops moving later. The low temperature comes early, and the frozen cells freeze and expand, causing the branches and vines to crack longitudinally. Irregular brown patches can be seen on cross sections of frozen branches and tendrils. The longitudinal fission parts of the branches are mostly located in the west direction. When the soil burial is not strict or shallow and the root temperature is lower than -3℃, root freezing damage will occur. When encountering extremely low temperatures in late winter and lasting for a long time, the cold resistance of fine roots is lower than that of thick roots. The outer cortex of the roots turns brown, and the cortex separates from the xylem or even falls off. The impact of the root system on the above-ground parts after freezing is manifested as late or irregular germination in spring, or the leaves shrink after expansion.