Ginkgo biloba is the oldest seed plant in relict plant. It takes more than 20 years from planting to fruiting, and it will only bear a large number of fruits after 40 years. It can live to be more than 1000 years old, and it is the longevity of trees. Ginkgo biloba is a deciduous tree, which blooms in May and matures in 10, and its fruit is orange-yellow stone fruit. Ginkgo biloba was originally distributed all over the world, but only remained in subtropical mountainous areas of China after Quaternary Glacier. Most of its distribution now belongs to.
Ginkgo biloba L. is commonly known as ginkgo and gongsunshu. The Carboniferous period, which first appeared 345 million years ago, was widely distributed in Europe, Asia and America in the northern hemisphere, and it was the king of the world like dinosaurs in the animal kingdom. By 500,000 years ago, the Quaternary glacier movement occurred, and the earth suddenly became cold, and most ginkgo plants were on the verge of extinction. Only when China had superior natural conditions did it miraculously survive. Therefore, scientists call it a "living fossil" and a "panda in the plant kingdom". At present, there are wild and semi-wild ginkgo communities in Tianmu Mountain in Zhejiang, Dabie Mountain in Hubei and Shennongjia. There is no doubt that foreign Ginkgo biloba was introduced directly or indirectly from China.
Ginkgo biloba, also known as Gongsun Tree, belongs to Ginkgo Biloba in Latin.
Deciduous trees, up to 40 meters high and up to 4 meters in diameter at breast height. The bark is grayish brown with irregular longitudinal cracks. Leaves alternate, scattered radially on long branches, and 3 ~ 5 in clusters on short branches. The leaves are fan-shaped and light green on both sides. Dioecious, occasionally the same plant, the flower is spherical, and the female flower has a long stalk. The seeds are ovoid or nearly spherical, 2.5 ~ 3.5 cm long and1.5 ~ 2 cm in diameter. The aril is fleshy, covered with white powder, and pale yellow or orange when mature.
It is suitable for growing in subtropical monsoon region with superior hydrothermal conditions. The soil is yellow soil or yellow brown soil, and the pH value is 5 ~ 6. Generally, it blooms from early April to mid-April, and the seeds mature from late September to1early October, and the leaves fall from late October to 1 1 month. Long life. There are ancient trees over 3000 years old in China. Generally, female plants begin to bear fruit in about 20 years, and 500-year-old trees can still bear fruit normally.
It is the only existing species of Ginkgo biloba, and is called "giant panda" and "living fossil" in the plant kingdom. Ginkgo biloba in the wild state is only found in Tianmu Mountain, Zhejiang Province, and is scattered in broad-leaved forests and valleys at an altitude of 300 ~1100 meters. It is also a precious timber and ornamental tree species, and its leaves and seeds can also be used for medicine.
Ginkgo biloba is a unique and rich economic plant resource in China. Processing and producing health food, medicine and cosmetics by using the effective chemical components of ginkgo biloba leaves and their special medical and health care functions are attracting the attention of research, development and production units at home and abroad. Many enterprises in various countries are competing to develop and produce natural green products with ginkgo biloba as raw materials to replace synthetic chemicals that have great side effects on human health, thus opening up an incomparably broad prospect for the development and utilization of ginkgo biloba resources in China, rapidly improving the utilization value of ginkgo biloba and its impact on economy, society and ecology, creating employment and wealth for society, and.
Ginkgo biloba resources in China are mainly distributed in more than 60 counties and cities in Jiangsu, Shandong, Zhejiang, Anhui, Fujian, Jiangxi, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan, Guizhou, Guangxi, Guangdong and other provinces. Pizhou City, Jiangsu Province is in the advanced ranks in the country in terms of planting Ginkgo biloba leaves and producing processed extract (GBE). There are hundreds of scientific research, production and teaching units in China that research and develop health food, medicines and cosmetics with machine extracts of ginkgo leaves as raw materials. Ginkgo products are dazzling, and there are countless scientific research papers on Ginkgo biloba. The output value of Ginkgo biloba has occupied a large proportion in the national economy of various ginkgo producing areas in China, and the market of Ginkgo biloba resources and deep-processed products is fiercely competitive at home and abroad.
In order to "develop information resources, serve the four modernizations" and quickly transform the knowledge and information of research, development, production and market with Ginkgo as the theme into scientific and technological productivity, we registered the Ginkgo domain name and opened the Ginkgo website. Ginkgo website will introduce the knowledge and information of Ginkgo biloba to users faster, longer, more effectively, more fully and more favorably than TV and newspapers.
2. What is the value of Ginkgo biloba?
Ginkgo biloba, also known as Ginkgo biloba, is the oldest existing seed plant in relict plant. Botany often compares ginkgo biloba with dinosaurs and is known as the giant panda in the plant kingdom. Ginkgo biloba belongs to the category of dried fruits, and among many dried fruits, the economic value of ginkgo biloba ranks third. The value of ginkgo is mainly reflected in food and medicine.
Ginkgo biloba was eaten to preserve health and prolong life. Ginkgo biloba was listed as a royal tribute in the Song Dynasty. Japanese people have the habit of eating ginkgo every day. Westerners must have ginkgo at Christmas. As far as eating methods are concerned, Ginkgo biloba mainly includes fried food, roasted food, cooked food, side dishes, cakes, candied fruit, canned food, beverages and alcohol.
The medicinal use of ginkgo is mainly reflected in medicine, pesticide and veterinary medicine. In the Ming Dynasty, Li Shizhen once said: "Enter the lung meridian, benefit the temper, stop asthma and cough, and reduce defecation." Ginkgo biloba in Ben Jing Feng Yuan written by Zhang Lulu in Qing Dynasty has the functions of reducing phlegm, clearing away toxin and killing insects, and can be used to treat "boils, furuncle, ulceration of mammary abscess, dental caries, infantile diarrhea, leucorrhea with red and white discharge, chronic stranguria, nocturnal emission and enuresis". In the Ming Dynasty, Chinese patent medicines made of ginkgo appeared in Jiangsu, Sichuan and other places for clinical use. Ginkgo biloba exocarp contains a lot of hydrogenated ginkgolic acid and ginkgo flavone. The water-soluble components of exocarp have good antitussive and expectorant effects, and their properties are similar to those of cyclophosphamide and dexamethasone. The effective rate of exocarp alcohol intermediates in inhibiting 22 common clinical pathogenic fungi was 8 1%. The effective rate of 0. 1% hydrogenated ginkgolic acid in inhibiting 25 kinds of clinical pathogenic fungi was 92%. In addition, the inhibition rate of exocarp extract on apple anthracnose and other 1 1 plant pathogens reached 88%- 100%. The control rate of alcohol extract on geometrid simian was 100% within 3 days, and it could also control tetranychus urticae, Myzus persicae, Chilo suppressalis and other pests. According to "Herbal Medicine of Folk Veterinary Medicine", Ginkgo preparation can treat the symptoms of livestock strain, nose hanging, lung abscess, cough due to lung deficiency, urine dripping with blood, female livestock leucorrhea and so on. Dingchuan decoction developed by Shandong Animal Husbandry Medical Station is used to treat infectious laryngotracheitis in chickens, and the cure rate is 95%.
Ginkgo biloba leaves also have important medicinal value. Up to now, there are more than 60 kinds of Ginkgo biloba extract whose chemical constituents are known as/kloc-0. There are mainly flavonoids, terpenoids, phenols, alkaloids, polyisoprene, quinic acid, linoleic acid, python oxalic acid, ascorbic acid, a- hexenal, bilobanol, bilobanone and so on. In 1960s, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences and other units developed Shuxuening injection with Ginkgo biloba leaves, which has certain curative effect on coronary heart disease, angina pectoris and cerebrovascular disease. At the same time, Ginkgo biloba leaves can also be used as pesticides. Add 20kg of water to 1kg leaves, boil for 30min, and then soak for 2-3 days. The insect control rate of spraying its liquid medicine on red spider and cabbage caterpillar is over 90%, and there is no residue.
At present, there are more than 50 kinds of skin care and hair care products prepared with Ginkgo biloba extract. In addition, ginkgo biloba beverage, ginkgo peach juice, ginkgo beer, ginkgo tea and other health products developed from ginkgo biloba leaves have been circulated in the market and achieved good results.
The ecological benefits of Ginkgo biloba are mainly reflected in: from the cultivation point of view, Ginkgo biloba belongs to a fruit tree-dried fruit; It belongs to timber tree species, protective tree species, pest-resistant tree species, long-lived tree species and pollution-resistant tree species. Ginkgo biloba has strong adaptability and is an ideal tree species for fast-growing and high-yield forests, farmland protection forests, road protection forests, bank protection forests, beach protection forests, village protection forests, forest-grain intercropping and "four sides" greening. It can not only provide a large number of high-quality wood, leaves and seeds, but also purify the air, conserve water, prevent wind and sand, maintain soil and water, and improve the microclimate of farmland. It is a good tree species for afforestation, greening and ornamental, which is of great significance to the adjustment of agricultural and forestry planting structure in the north and south of China and the development of forestry in plain agricultural areas. Ginkgo biloba wood is of high quality and expensive, and is known as "silver fragrant wood" or "silver wood". Ginkgo wood has luster, straight texture, fine structure, easy processing, no cracking, strong corrosion resistance, easy painting, low nail digging force, special medicinal fragrance and strong moth resistance. Ginkgo wood can be used to make carved plaques, wooden fish and other handicrafts, as well as high-grade furniture such as cabinets and desks. Ginkgo wood has the characteristics of singing, sound guiding and elasticity, and is an ideal material for making musical instruments. It can be used to make surveying and mapping instruments, pens and other cultural goods, and it is also the first-class wood for making chessboards, chess pieces, sports equipment, seals and small handicrafts. In industrial production, silver wood is most suitable for making X-ray machine filter plates, textile printing and dyeing rollers, machine models and wooden models of bodiless lacquerware, plywood, chopping boards, wooden telephones and so on.
Ginkgo biloba also has a good ornamental value. Ginkgo biloba is lush in summer and golden in autumn, giving people a sense of being handsome, magnificent, luxurious and elegant. Therefore, Ginkgo biloba is regarded as an important tree species in courtyards, sidewalks and gardens at all times and in all countries. In China's famous mountains and rivers, ancient temples and temples, there are all tall and straight ancient ginkgo biloba. They have experienced vicissitudes of life and traced back to ancient and modern times, giving people a sense of mystery. The poets and poets of past dynasties set foot in temples and left many poems and poems, and they were proud of their beautiful scenery and their merits. No wonder people marvel at the close connection between ancient ginkgo biloba and ancient culture.
Ginkgo biloba is magnificent, and its trunk is winding and lush. Ginkgo biloba with graceful posture is selected, processed into bonsai, and the majestic posture of Ginkgo biloba in nature is concentrated in the basin. It is elegant and interesting, and it is clear for the desk, which makes people feel happy and pleasing.
The second category:
1, Huang Shi, the ginkgo tree, is dashing and heroic, like a soldier in the city. The city is full of golden flowers, awe-inspiring, magnificent and leisurely. While showing dazzling golden color, the ginkgo tree sheds countless fallen leaves and rolls against the ground with the wind, paving a splendid place. In the bleak land in winter, the flag is generally bright and brilliant. Only in the early winter, the ginkgo trees on both sides of the street are uniformly covered with golden robes, which are eye-catching and proud. Unlike other trees, yellow is decadent and yellow is vicissitudes of life.
2. Ginkgo leaves are thin, large and small, with different shapes, and some are like butterflies dancing; Some are like lotus flowers, competing to open; Some are like handfuls of big fans, swaying gently; Some are like big trees, trying to grow; Some are like birds, singing happily.
3, summer is hot, the sun is like fire. At this time, the ginkgo tree has grown luxuriantly. Its branches are very tall and straight, the trunk is divided into many branches, and many branchlets are divided on the branches. The branchlets are covered with dark green fan-shaped leaves. In summer, the ginkgo tree has become an open green velvet umbrella, and the dense branches and leaves cover the sun, and the burning sunshine is blocked mercilessly. There is a shade under the tree that is rare in midsummer.
4. In summer, the branches of ginkgo trees are more upright, the trunk is divided into many branches, and there are many branchlets on the branches, which are covered with fan-shaped leaves and look very lush. The burning sunshine and crystal rain were blocked on the top, and the children played heartily under the tree.
5. There are many ginkgo trees planted on both sides of the school road. The green ginkgo trees and the silver-gray road complement each other to form a unique landscape. Ginkgo trees have dense leaves and are a little strange. Most ginkgo leaves we see are green, so are ginkgo leaves, but unlike other leaves, ginkgo leaves are fan-shaped, and they are not very neat at the edge of leaves, but in the shape of waves like water, which is very beautiful.
6. In the severe winter, the frosted ginkgo leaves gradually turn yellow, and yellow leaves fall in the north wind, laying a "golden carpet" on the ground. Every time after a burst of heavy snow, it is wrapped in white, and its vigorous body looks more handsome, natural and unrestrained and mighty against the background of ice and snow.
7. In the spring of March, the flowers are blooming, and the ginkgo tree is not inferior. It is quietly covered with a layer of green yarn. Its beautiful leaves, like a small colored fan with a plum blossom handle, are green and yellow. The silky drizzle falls on the leaves, making a rustling sound, just like a wonderful symphony echoing over the community. At this time, I always love stand under the tree, quietly listening to this beautiful "Song of Spring".
8. In a blink of an eye, the irresistible summer is coming. Ginkgo tree is simply an open green velvet umbrella. Dense leaves cover the sun and the trees are cool and refreshing. My companions and I often read books and play games under the tree. Especially in the morning, when I wake up, I can hear birds chirping in the trees, sometimes singing tactfully and sometimes chasing frolicking, which adds endless happiness to our community.
9. Ginkgo biloba is a tree with a special style. Its leaves are green in summer and yellow in autumn, like handfuls of open folding fans, and its shape is unique and beautiful. Ginkgo nut contains many nutrients needed by human beings, such as protein and fat, and is a kind of green and healthy food. Used as medicine, it has the functions of moistening lung and relieving cough. Its leaves can be used to make pesticides and drugs for treating vascular diseases, and can also help sleep. Ginkgo trees can be seen and used in many places to green streets and parks. Its excellent wood is the first-class wood for architecture, sculpture and furniture.
10, the trunk of Ginkgo biloba is so thin that even a child can hold it. It grows straight up, like a rocket, straight into the sky; Like Pangu, supported between heaven and earth; Looks like a big golden umbrella. Its trunk is criss-crossed, and there are branches on the branches, which are dense and rough to the touch.
1 1, when it rains, the water drops left on the leaves are crystal clear, like pearls embedded in trees. The rain stopped, the sun shone on the tree, and the kind father-in-law gave it the softest light-ginkgo tree. Under the sunshine, the "pearl" sparkles with colorful light, as if wearing a string of colorful water drop necklaces for the ginkgo girl. Stand by the big tree and take a deep breath, and you will feel relaxed and refreshed immediately.
12. In spring, new leaves grow on ginkgo trees. The new leaves are tender green, like a fan, with a long petiole, so the leaves are hanging. Looking at the ginkgo tree from a distance, it is like a fairy in green dancing slightly in the spring breeze, which is very beautiful.
13. In late autumn, the leaves of ginkgo trees slowly turn golden yellow. When the autumn wind blows, the leaves move with the wind, just like butterflies dancing. The leaves that fall all over the ground are like a golden carpet on the ground, which looks good from a distance. At this time, the ginkgo has matured, one by one in Huang Chengcheng, and it fell with a bamboo pole. It is said by adults that the leaves and fruits of Ginkgo biloba can also be used as pharmaceutical raw materials.
14, Van Gogh may be infatuated with this golden color, in addition to his sunflower, but also intoxicated by the embarrassing ginkgo tree. Ink painting is far from artistic conception, and it can't show the style of ginkgo trees. Oil painting is more suitable. But if you draw the yellow ginkgo tree early and miss the early winter, you will miss this year's golden ginkgo tree. The most urgent thing to go is always time. This luxurious decay is magnificent and bold, and it is difficult to cherish it. I can't paint, so I have to hold up my camera, and I didn't waste a good view.
15, ginkgo garden, which is full of golden color, is extremely brilliant, just like laying a soft carpet on the ground, making it extraordinarily beautiful. Leaves hover in the air, sometimes flying to the sky, sometimes falling to the ground, as if playing hide-and-seek with everyone. It seems to be a beautiful butterfly; That leaf is a child playing hide and seek; That fruit is a girl in a yellow coat. Look! A gust of autumn wind blew, and Ginkgo biloba leaves fluttered down from the trees like countless golden butterflies flying all over the sky.
16, ginkgo garden also seems to be covered with a layer of Xiayi. Under the sunshine, it is not only green, but emits colorful light, which is beautiful but dazzling. Coupled with the touch of the wind, the light seems to be embedded in the leaves, flashing with the swing of the leaves, just like the sunlight shining on the water, sparkling, but much more beautiful than that.
17, ginkgo tree is also called ginkgo tree, and there are three trees in front of my house. Its trunk is thick and tall, and its branches and leaves are particularly lush. Its leaves are like a delicate little paper fan and beautiful butterfly wings. We often use it as a bookmark in books, which can repel insects and has a faint fragrance. Ginkgo trees are divided into males and females, and the flowers of male trees are like a conical spikelet; The flowers of the female tree are like two or three small balls together, which are very inconspicuous. Usually in April every year, when groups of bees are busy on ginkgo trees, people notice that ginkgo trees are blooming.
18, ginkgo trees are flourishing, and the trunks are straight and straight. From a distance, they stand on both sides of the road like a row of majestic guards. The leaves of ginkgo tree are tender green. As the leaves grow up, they become dark green and golden yellow in autumn. The tender leaves of ginkgo trees are not noticeable. What is striking is that the leaves in autumn overlap closely, like little golden skirts and handfuls of Huang Cancan fans. A gust of wind blew, and the leaves were blown all over the sky and fell to the ground, like a golden carpet. It was beautiful!
19. In the west of my home stands a tall and unique ginkgo tree. This rare ginkgo tree has added infinite vitality to our community. This is a huge and ancient ginkgo tree. In order to measure its thickness, several of our children joined hands to surround it, but none of them came around. The bark of ginkgo tree is grayish brown, with many small pimples on it. It feels very rough and hard by hand, like the cracked skin of an old man. Branches of ginkgo trees grow from the middle, and countless branches stretch out in all directions like giant arms.
20. I looked up and saw a tall ginkgo tree, proudly lifting its strong branches towards the blue sky. On the branches, little yellow glitters like gold in the sun. A gust of autumn wind blew, bringing coolness. Ye Er floated down from the branches, like a boat, like a piece of paper, as if it were a piece of paper written to the earth in autumn. Pick up a piece and hold it in front of your eyes. A small golden fan seems to dance lightly in the autumn wind. Looking up, I put Ye Er in the sun, and the sun penetrated the leaves, showing the shadow of the veins, which seemed to be autumn words.
2 1, ginkgo tree is tall and straight, with fan-shaped leaves. The crown is large and shady, which has a cooling effect. The leaves are quaint and have a long life. No pests and diseases, no pollution to the environment, smooth trunk, is a famous pollution-free tree species, conducive to the reproduction of Ginkgo biloba and add scenery.
22. Ginkgo trees have strong adaptability, and ginkgo has wide requirements for climate and soil. Smoke and dust resistance, fire resistance and toxic gas resistance. Ginkgo tree is tall, with straight trunk, graceful posture, green in spring and summer, golden in late autumn, and is an ideal tree species for landscaping and roadside.
23. In autumn, the trees are covered with ginkgo nuts like longan, and a burst of autumn wind blows, and ginkgo nuts fall to the ground like raindrops. Folding-fan-shaped ginkgo leaves are falling slowly and leisurely, dancing like countless golden butterflies. In a short time, the ground is golden like a golden carpet.
24. In winter, the ginkgo tree, which has lost all its leaves, looks like a statue, so vigorous and tall. When the northwest wind roared and the goose feather and heavy snow fell from the sky, ginkgo trees would be dressed extraordinarily enchanting, like two huge coral reefs, located on both sides of the playground.
25. As soon as the news of spring arrives, ginkgo trees are not willing to lag behind, vying for the tender green buds. I found that the ginkgo tree also has flowers, and its flowers are very special. The flowers of the two trees are different. The one in the east has long flowers, like green caterpillars.
Ginkgo biloba L. is a deciduous tree belonging to Ginkgo family.
Ginkgo biloba is a deciduous tree with a diameter at breast height of 4 meters. The bark of young trees is nearly smooth and light gray, and the skin of big trees is grayish brown, irregularly longitudinal and rough. There are long branches and slow-growing short branches. The crown of young and mature trees is conical, while that of old trees is broadly oval. Branches are nearly whorled and extend obliquely upward (the big branches of female plants are often more developed than those of male plants).
Leaves alternate, scattered radially on long branches, with slender petioles, fan-shaped, light green on both sides and hairless. Scattered on long branches and clustered on short branches. Its vein form is "bifurcation vein".