Rainbow trout is a cold-water pond fish of the genus Pacific salmon. Rainbow trout is an important cold-water fish widely cultivated in the world. Mature individuals is named for its reddish brown vertical stripes on its lateral lines, which look like a rainbow. Below, I will share rainbow trout culture technology for you, hoping to help you!
Choice of farm
The water temperature in the pond should be above 4℃ in winter and below 20℃ in summer. Rainbow trout can eat and grow all year round. The pond should be running water with fresh water quality, high transparency and sufficient oxygen content, and the water does not contain any toxic and harmful substances.
Farm construction
Mountain streams, springs, groundwater, bottom drainage of deep-water reservoirs or river water with low water temperature and high transparency can all be used as water supply sources for rainbow trout farms. Build a dam at the upstream water source to raise the water level, form a gap of water flow, and keep the water supply in the pond at a sufficient speed.
Pond water injection, especially intensive farms, should be independent. The pond can be round, oval, rectangular and ditch-shaped, but the elongated rectangle is better, and the length-width ratio is 1: 4 ~ 1: 5, so as to prevent the pond from dead water. The width of the pond should not be too large. The width of juvenile fish ponds is mostly 1.5 ~ 2 meters, and that of adult fish ponds is mostly 4 ~ 5 meters. The bottom of the pond is required to have a certain slope, with 0.2% for young fish ponds and 0.8% for adult fish ponds, which is convenient for drainage, sewage discharge and fishing.
The pond can be a soil pond or a cement pond, and the bank of the pond should be 20 ~ 30 cm higher than the water surface. The juvenile fish pond is generally 30 ~ 90 square meters, and the adult fish pond 100 ~ 200 square meters.
Triploid
Triploid rainbow trout is an all-female rainbow trout produced by crossing tetraploid rainbow trout with common diploid rainbow trout. It has the characteristics of short growth cycle, low cost and good meat quality. Rainbow trout culture is a high-density running water fish culture method with high technology content. Judging from the current level of rainbow trout culture technology, it takes more than three years to complete a commercial fish production cycle, which takes a long time and requires high investment. To achieve better economic benefits, it is necessary to improve the variety, increase the growth rate of rainbow trout, shorten the production cycle as much as possible and reduce the cost.
According to the latest development of rainbow trout culture at home and abroad, this problem can be effectively solved if the technique of total female triploid is adopted. The technology has the following outstanding advantages: firstly, the survival rate of rainbow trout can be increased by 10% and the growth rate can be increased by 10 ~ 20% by using the all-female triploid rainbow trout. Secondly, this technology can avoid excessive consumption of feed by gonad development, reduce the breeding cost by more than 5%, and improve the economic benefit 15% ~ 20%.
When young fish and fish are fed
Young fish that have just floated up have poor feeding ability and do not flock. When you start feeding, you should pay attention to spreading the bait all over the water. After feeding for two weeks, you can spread the feed to places where there are many fish. The commonly used open bait for young fish is egg yolk, animal liver, fresh miscellaneous fish, dried Daphnia or beer yeast. At present, artificial feed is mostly used.
When feeding animal feed, the feed must be finely chopped or chopped and sprinkled on the water surface upstream of the pond water for fish to eat, or paste feed can be smeared on fine barbed wire and hung in the pond for fish to eat alone. In the later stage, the young fish are getting bigger and bigger, and several kinds can be fed.
Mix the feed into paste, cook it, make it into small particles, and sprinkle it into water. Feeding compound feed, the particle size in the early stage is 0.3 ~ 0.5 mm, and the particle size in the later stage is more than 65438 0 mm. The animal protein content in feed is higher than that in plant protein. With the growth of young fish, the plant protein content can be appropriately increased, and the feeding times should be more, 6-8 times a day, and 2-4 times a day in the later period.
When the water temperature is above 10℃ and the body length of young fish is below 13 cm, the dry material is 2% ~ 7% of the fish weight, and the fresh material is 2.5% ~ 13%. When the body length is greater than 14 cm, the dry feed is 0.5% ~ 2.4% of the fish weight, and the fresh feed is 1.0% ~ 4.9%.
The stocking density of juvenile fish in the early stage is 5000 ~ 10000 fish /m2. When the weight of young fish reaches about 1g (4 ~ 5cm in length), it is necessary to raise them in different pools according to the individual size. The stocking density of about 2g fish (5.5cm long) is 1200 ~ 1500 fish /m2. After 5 months, the stocking density of 20-30g individuals is 500- 100/m2.
Adult fish culture
The tail weight of rainbow trout in the world is150 ~ 300 g. The fishtail weighs 60-70g, and the stocking density is 230-250 fishtails/m2; Fish tail weight 100 ~ 150g, stocking density 100 ~ 150g/m2. At the same time, the flow rate of water will increase with the increase of water temperature.
Most adult fish ponds are rectangular, with the length-width ratio of 10: 1, the best area is 100 ~ 200m2, and the bottom slope is 0.8%. The average flow rate of the pool water should be greater than 2cm/s, generally 3 ~ 5cm/s, the dissolved oxygen should not be less than 5mg/l, and the ammonia nitrogen should not exceed 65438 0 mg/l ... Remove the sediment at the bottom of the pool regularly, drain the pool water and clean the pool. If high-density culture is carried out, it is necessary to artificially increase oxygen and feed high-quality bait with rich nutrition.
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