Speaking of jujube, we can casually say winter jujube, black jujube, Xinjiang jujube, dry jujube, jujube juice, etc., but these jujube is mostly from a variety of appearance, color, use to call. Jujube variety classification how to divide?
At present, China's classification of jujube varieties has no unified division method. In the field of production and research there are mainly the following four kinds of classification.
1. According to the fruit maturity period classification
(1) early maturity varieties of fruit growth period of 70 ~ 90 days, in Shandong Province inland areas in mid to late August maturity harvest. These varieties are mostly fresh varieties, such as June fresh, Zaozhuang crisp jujube, long crisp jujube, Leling small jujube and so on.
(2) early and medium-maturity varieties of fruit bearing period of 90 ~ 100 days, inland areas of Shandong in early September ripe harvest. These varieties are mostly fresh varieties, such as pimples crisp, Mianjao, big white bell, Shandong pear date.
(3) ripe varieties of fruit bearing period of 100~115 days, Shandong inland areas in mid to late September ripe harvest. The most varieties of this kind, including most of the fresh date varieties and most of the fresh food and drying and drying, processing varieties, such as mother jujube, chili jujube, Kongfu crispy jujube, horse teeth jujube, jujube, round bell jujube, jujube, and so on.
(4) late-maturing varieties of fruit bearing period of more than 120 days, Shandong inland areas of the end of September to early October maturity.
This kind of varieties are fewer in number, such as jujube, Chengwu jujube, Xuecheng jujube and so on.
2. According to the fruit size classification
(1) big jujube fruit fruit type big, vigorous growth, tree strength, tree high, barren, adaptability, such as grandma jujube, zanhuang jujube, lingbao jujube, gray jujube, bottle jujube, jin jujube and so on.
(2) small jujube fruit fruit type is small, growth potential is weak, but the quality is relatively good, such as jinshi small jujube, no nucleus small jujube, jujube and so on.
3. According to the fruit size and fruit shape combined classification
(1) small jujube type fruit is small, there are flat round, oblong, round, chicken heart shape. Generally dense flesh, sweet flavor, top quality. Cultivation technology requirements are high, cultivation is concentrated, management is better. Such as jujube, jujube, jujube, etc..
(2) long jujube type fruit oblong or cylindrical. Tree strong, barren, strong resistance. Such as Xingtang long jujube, Zhanhuang long jujube, Lang jujube, Junjube, Guanyang long red.
(3) round jujube type fruit round or nearly round. Tree strength, adaptability, more productive. Such as Xingtang big round jujube, Zhanhuang round jujube, round bell jujube, Suide round jujube, Lingbao jujube, phase jujube and so on.
(4) flat round type tree potential medium, adaptability, more productive. Such as jujube, flower red jujube.
(5) constriction mark type in the date head has obvious constriction mark, make date is gourd-shaped, fruit head size points, quality is not the same. Such as goat's milk jujube, gourd jujube, grinding disk jujube, grinding navel jujube, horse tooth jujube.
(6) persistent calyx type fruit base sepals persistent, fruit cylindrical, medium large. The tree is strong, medium quality. Such as persimmon jujube, five-flower jujube and so on.
4. According to the use of classification
This is one of the most commonly used classification method.
(1) edible varieties of fruit flesh crisp, juicy, sweet flavor, often slightly acidic suitable for fresh food, should not be dried. Such as big white bells, big melon date, Ningyang June fresh, Kongfu crispy date, mom date, chili date, winter date, etc..
(2) drying varieties of fruit containing dry matter, high sugar, fully matured excellent drying varieties of dry matter up to 50% ~ 60%. The fruit is mainly used for processing, to make red dates, large-fruited varieties also make Wuzhao, such as round bell jujube, long red jujube, gray jujube and other varieties.
(3) honey jujube varieties of fruit shape neat, larger, the two ends of the flat read short columnar or oval, thin skin, white ripening period of milky white or light green.
Flesh looser, less water, suitable for processing dates. Such as Lanxi horse jujube, Lianxian wooden jujube, Nanjing jujube, Shengzhou white bushy jujube, Yiwu jujube, Xuancheng pointed jujube, Songxian jujube and so on.
(4) dual-use varieties of fruit can be eaten fresh, but also dry jujube, or sugar honey jujube, wider use. Such as jujube, zanhuang jujube.
(5) ornamental varieties of fruit shape peculiar or school strip twisted, mainly used as ornamental. Such as teapot jujube, grindstone jujube, gourd jujube and dragon claw jujube. Different uses of the distribution of jujube varieties there is a certain regularity; dried, fresh food category and part-time varieties, mainly distributed in the quasi north of the river, honey jujube, mainly distributed in the south of the Huaihe River: ornamental, more sporadic distribution in various parts of the world.
China's main jujube varieties
China's current main jujube crop cultivation varieties are 10 kinds, as follows.
①Jinshi small jujube: distributed in Hebei and Shandong Bohai saline area.
②wife jujube: Hebei Taihangshan dry thin mountainous areas of Xingtang, Fuping, Tangxian and Quyang.
③ Zhanhuang jujube: concentrated in the Taihang Mountains of Hebei Zhanhuang, Lincheng, Yuan's, in recent years has been in Xinjiang, Gansu, Liao Shou, Shaanxi and Shanxi and other places widely introduced cultivation.
4 wood jujube: Shanxi Luliang and northern Shaanxi on both sides of the Yellow River.
5 gray jujube: Henan Xinzheng and its surrounding counties and cities, Xinjiang.
6 flat nucleic acid: Henan Neihuang and the surrounding areas.
7 round bell jujube: concentrated in Shandong Liaocheng, Dezhou area in Ping, Dong'a, Liaocheng, Qihe, Jiyang; southwestern Hebei, eastern Henan and Shandong Weifang, Tai'an, Jining, Huimin, etc. There are patches of centralized cultivation; Jiangsu, Xinjiang and other places have also been introduced.
8 long red jujube: Luzhongnan.
9 Linyi pear jujube: concentrated distribution in Shanxi Yuncheng, etc., has begun to promote planting on a large scale throughout the country.
⑩ winter jujube: concentrated in Hebei Cangzhou and northern Shandong, has begun to promote planting in large areas across the country.
In recent years, China's jujube cultivation area is rapidly expanding, management and management technology level continues to improve, but also in the collection and preservation of jujube germplasm resources, new varieties of breeding and utilization, biological characteristics of observation, physiology and biochemistry of the study, jujube fruit and pollen nutrient analysis, productive cultivation technology, pest control and so on, has made rich results, the results of these results applied to the production of a huge These results have produced great economic and social benefits in the production, and greatly promoted the production and development of jujube industry.
So far, China is still the world's largest producer of jujube, jujube cultivation area (1.333 million square hectares) and the annual output of jujube (2,463,087,000 tons) accounted for more than 95% of the world's jujube, in the global jujube international trade market occupies an absolutely dominant position.
Overview of the world jujube industry
Jujube is native to China, with a cultivation history of more than 3,000 years in written records. In Chinese history, jujube and peach, apricot, plum, chestnut together, and known as the "five fruits". The jujube cultivated in every country in the world is introduced from China. The world called the date is also known as the Iraqi date, belongs to the palm family; China's jujube belongs to the family of rhamnaceae, the shape of the fruit is similar, it is the same name and a different thing.
China's jujube has now spread to the world's five continents (Asia, Africa, the United States, Europe and Oceania) of more than 40 countries and regions.
But in addition to South Korea, the United States, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and other countries in a small number of cultivation, the rest of the world are not economically cultivated, so far, in addition to South Korea has formed a large-scale commercial cultivation, the other countries are limited to garden cultivation or as germplasm preservation.
Jujube distribution in the world is as follows
Asia: China, Korea, Japan, Thailand, Malaysia, India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Mongolia, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Israel, Iran, Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, Cyprus, Turkey.
Europe:Russia, UK, Germany, France, Italy, Spain, Romania, Greece, Bulgaria, Macedonia:Egypt, Tanzania, Tunisia.
North America: United States, Canada. Oceania:Australia.
In foreign countries, the largest economic cultivation of jujube in South Korea, has become the eighth largest fruit tree species in South Korea, but due to low yields, the total production is still very small, every year need to import a certain amount of jujube to supply the market.
Especially in recent years, with China's low-priced date products into a large number of South Korea's date industry has been severely impacted, there has been a substantial downward trend.
Japan in the Nara and Heian era (AD 710 ~ 1192 years), date cultivation was once quite popular, and then with the introduction of a large number of other fruit trees, especially apples, pears, peaches, grapes and citrus rapid development, the number of jujube trees greatly reduced. At present, Japan's dates are mainly imported from China.