Based on the potato's origin, flavor and morphology, people have given the potato many interesting names, for example: the Italians call the ground beans, the French call the ground pingo, the Germans call the ground pear, the Americans call the Irish jicama, the Russians call the Dutch yam; China's Yunnan, Guizhou, the area known as taro or taro, Guangxi called the panga ci yam, Shanxi called the yam egg, the northeastern provinces called the potato. In view of the name of the confusion, botanists have given it a world common scientific name - potato. Potato since ancient times, supporting the survival of mankind thousands of years. Originally from South America, the potato has become an integral part of diets and culinary cultures around the world. The potato is the world's fourth most important food crop, after wheat, rice and maize, and is widely grown in some 125 countries worldwide. Potatoes were first cultivated by the Indians of the Incas in Peru around 200 BC. The Incas also measured time with the potato, using the time it took to boil a potato as the unit of time. The Andean region of South America is the birthplace of the "Irish" white potato. Initially in 1570 from Colombia in South America will be short sun type introduced to Spain in Europe, by artificial selection, become long sun type; after the spread to Asia, North America, southern Africa and Australia and other places. Potato high yield, rich in nutrients, strong adaptability to the environment, is now all over the world, tropical and subtropical countries and even in the winter or cool season can also be cultivated and get a higher yield. The world's major potato producers are the former Soviet Union, Poland, China and the United States. The main production areas of potato in China are the southwestern mountainous areas, the northwestern part of the country, Inner Mongolia and the northeastern part of the country. The south-western mountainous areas have the largest sown area, accounting for about 1/3 of the country's total area, while Heilongjiang Province is the largest potato planting base in the country. Spanish colonizers first "discovered" the potato in the villages of the Andes in 1537, and brought the potato back to Europe, but the potato was not soon recognized in Europe. It was only later, with the help of leaders and thinkers in Prussia, France and England, that the potato quickly became widely used throughout Europe.