The growth and development of Zizania latifolia can be divided into germination stage, leaf-drawing and rooting stage, tillering and rameting stage, pregnancy stage and dormancy stage.

(1) Germination stage

The seeds of Zizania latifolia planted in rice field or the old Zizania latifolia left in Zizania latifolia field are dormant all winter. When the temperature rises above 5℃ (usually from the middle and late February to the middle and late March), the dormant buds left on the aboveground stems of the mother plant and the dormant buds at the tips of underground stems begin. In order to make the germination early and orderly, the field should be kept moist in winter, and the shallow water layer of 3 ~ 4 cm should be kept in the germination period. The suitable temperature for the germination of Zizania latifolia is 15 ~ 25℃, and the germination will stop when the temperature is above 3℃.

(2) Shooting and rooting period

After the water bamboo shoots, it begins to shoot new leaves. When the temperature is between 5℃ and 1℃, the sprouting speed of new leaves is slow. Generally, a new leaf is born in about 15 days, and the leaf color is yellow-green. When the temperature is 15 ~ 2℃, a new leaf will appear green in about 7 days. In mid-July, it entered the high temperature season in summer, and the average temperature in ten days exceeded 28℃, which was not conducive to the growth of Zizania latifolia, and the speed of leaf emergence decreased. From late August to September, it entered the gestation period, and the speed of leaf emergence further decreased. The leaves are narrow at the initial stage of growth, then gradually widen, and then turn to be narrow at the gestation stage. In spring, plants usually sprout first and then root. The starting temperature of rooting is 5℃, and only a single plant with more than 4 leaves can root, and the node position of rooting is 3 nodes lower than that of leaves. The suitable temperature for hairy roots is 15 ~ 25℃, and above 3℃, the roots will easily age and reduce their activity.

(3) The tillering node position of Zizania latifolia was 3 nodes lower than that of leaf-pulling node position. Only basic seedlings with more than 4 leaves can produce new tillers between leaf axils at the base. When a tiller is 4 leaves old, it can sprout new independent roots and form new ramets.

(4) gestation period

When the plants of Zizania latifolia grow to a certain extent and accumulate certain nutrients inside, when the climatic conditions are suitable, they begin to enter the gestation period. The gestation period is a process in which the fleshy stem of Zizania latifolia is fully expanded, and a lot of nutrients and water are needed at this time. Temperature is the most important factor affecting the pregnancy of Zizania latifolia. There are two pregnancy periods in a year in double season and only once in single season.

(5) dormant period

When winter comes, the temperature drops, and the shoot of Zizania latifolia begins to die, so the old pier stays in the soil for the winter and enters a dormant state. When the temperature rises in the coming year, the old pier will sprout again and start a new growth cycle.