Androgynus is a rare and valuable edible fungi, wild and artificial cultivation of the points, the wild generally grow in the forest, the current curiosity; artificial cultivation of the national production is also very low: therefore, the market price of more than the more than the more than the more than the more than the more than the more than mushroom market price is high. Binhai City, Jiangsu Province, three in the port of efficient agricultural park actively explore, summed up the morel mushroom greenhouse cultivation and intercropping with wheat two modes, mu benefit are higher, and the latter mode up to 6000 yuan.
First, greenhouse cultivation
1. environmental requirements. Morel mushrooms are low-temperature, high humidity type fungi, its growth period is longer, in addition to the need for lower temperatures, but also need a larger temperature difference to *** mycelium differentiation. Mycelium growth temperature of 18 ~ 22 ℃; substrate formation and development temperature of 4.4 ~ 16 ℃, the requirement of air relative humidity of 75% ~ 90%. Avoid strong direct light, weak scattered light is conducive to the growth and development of the substrate, therefore, the best choice of greenhouse cultivation site in the poplar forest, the time should be in October to December.
2. Cultivation material formula. Formula 1: crushed corn cobs 42%, pure wood chips 20%, soybean shells 13%, bran 20%, phosphate fertilizer 1%, gypsum 1%, sugar 1%, grass ash 2%. Formula 2: 75% fine wood chips, 20% bran, 1% phosphorus fertilizer, 1% gypsum, 3% cooked rotting soil. Formula 3: Cottonseed hulls 75%, bran 20%, gypsum 1%, lime 1%, cooked rotting soil 3%. Formula 4: Crop straw powder 75%, bran 20%, phosphorus fertilizer 1%, gypsum 1%, lime 1%, cooked soil 2%. Any one of the above formulas, the material-water ratio of the culture material is 1:1.4, and the water content should be 60% to 70%.
3. Bag inoculation. Mixed according to the material-water ratio of the culture material after stacking and fermentation for 20 days, with specifications of 17 cm * 33 cm polypropylene or polyethylene plastic bag material, 500 ~ 600 grams of material per bag, sterilized at 100 ℃ for 8 hours can be accessed after the strain. The use of two inoculation method, after receiving sealed bags, placed in 22 ~ 25 ℃ temperature culture, 30 days mycelium can be full of bag, mycelium full bag 5 ~ 6 days after the cultivation.
4. Cultivate the substrate. After the greenhouse has been sterilized, first lay plastic film on each layer of the bed, covered with 3 cm thick ripe rotting soil, cover the soil to be uniform and flattened, and then remove the plastic bag of sticks arranged one by one on the mushroom bed, each square meter of the bed can be 40 rows. After arranging the sticks, spray water evenly with a spray bottle for 1 time, then cover the fine soil 3~5 cm thick, and cover the surface with 2 cm thick broad-leaved tree leaves to keep the soil moist, and the fruiting entities can be grown after 1 month. Generally cultivated in October to December, early March to early April of the following year can be out of mushrooms, per mu can produce morel mushrooms 50 ~ 75 kg.
Second, intercropping with wheat
1. Environmental requirements. Morel mushrooms can generally grow in the cooked rotting soil, loamy soil, sandy mixed soil. Intercropping of morel mushrooms in wheat fields, it is appropriate to choose a pH value of 6.5 ~ 7.5 of the soil, in order to facilitate the growth of morel mushrooms. Wheat planting in north-south rows is good, and sown in large and small rows. Among them, the large rows are 120 centimeters wide, the middle aisle is 40 centimeters wide, and the small rows are about 20 centimeters wide.
2. Fungus cultivation method. One is to cultivate the fungus bag first and then plant it into the wheat field. Fungus bag culture material can be used crop straw powder 75%, bran 20%, phosphate fertilizer 1%, gypsum 1%, lime 1%, humus 2%, or 75% of fine wood chips, bran 20%, phosphate fertilizer 1%, gypsum 1%, 3% of the two formulas of the ripe rotting soil, according to the material-water ratio of 1:1.3 mixing good material after the accumulation of fermentation for 21 days, the moisture content is 65%. The specification 17cm * 33cm polypropylene or polyethylene plastic bag material, each bag of material 550 ~ 650 grams, subsequent sterilization, inoculation and culture methods and greenhouse cultivation of the same. Mycelium can be cultivated to the wheat field 5~6 days after the bag is full.
The other is directly intercropped in the wheat rows. Morel mushrooms began sowing in late October, and wheat sowing time is comparable, to be wheat seedlings after morel mushrooms slowly grow. Method of operation: after wheat sowing, the land between the rows of raking fine, and then according to the proportion of wood chips 75%, bran 20%, phosphate fertilizer 3%, gypsum 2% ingredients, mixed evenly spread on the ridge (per acre can be sprinkled with ingredients 200 ~ 250 kg), and then the ingredients and the soil is fully mixed evenly, the lack of moisture in the soil should be a one-time uniform irrigation of water, the general soil to maintain a humidity of 70% ~ 90%. When the water infused seepage is complete, directly into the soil, covered with 2 ~ 3 cm thick fine soil and sprayed with the right amount of water, in order to facilitate the strain moisturizing.
Intercropping mode with wheat morels per mu yield of 75~80 kg, intercropping technology is good yield is higher.
Third, after planting management techniques
Morel mushrooms like moisture, the growth environment must maintain a certain humidity. Whether it is greenhouse planting or intercropping with wheat, after planting should always check the field of dryness and humidity, so that after the rain timely drainage, drought timely water spray. When the temperature drops in the fall, we should take timely measures to cover the film, cover straw and other warming measures. Early spring rainfall is more, the temperature is suitable, mycelium, substrate growth is good. General early spring season, such as within a few weeks of the temperature between 4 ~ 16 ℃, can *** the formation of morel mushrooms entities; if this time the temperature changes drastically (below 4 ℃ or higher than 18 ℃), will affect the development of entities. In short, in the early spring of morel mushrooms to maintain the appropriate temperature and humidity is the key to the success of cultivation.
The greenhouse cultivation of morel mushrooms, spring, such as drought, must be timely watering or increase the number of water sprays. When the relative humidity of the air in the field is less than 80%, water spraying is required. Intercropping with wheat morel mushrooms, spring wheat greening generally do not need artificial water spraying, because wheat has the advantage of a developed root system, just to balance the water, maintain humidity.
Harvesting in case of rainy days, should try to harvest mushrooms before the rain, or before the rain arches with plastic film cover, so as to avoid the rain will be muddy water splashed on the mushroom body, affecting product quality. Morel mushrooms should be cleaned up immediately after harvesting soil, and timely sun-dried or dried (avoid smoking with firewood, so as not to affect the quality), according to the quality of graded into sealed bags, placed in a cool, dry, ventilated place to save, to be sold.
Morel mushroom planting is not a scam
Morel mushroom planting temptation is great, the risk is not small, the temptation on the one hand is the price on the other hand, planting is extremely simple, is the easiest of all the edible fungi, but remember that high returns at the same time also means high risk.
For the risk of morel mushrooms planting, summarized as two points: first, the risk of cultivation process; the second blind investment risk. The risk of the cultivation process is mainly the stability of strains, cultivation management techniques and uncertain weather factors.
Cultivation management is an important factor affecting the stability of morel mushrooms, control the growth of morel mushrooms required temperature, humidity, light, air, soil, acidity and alkalinity and other environmental factors is to carry out artificial cultivation need to overcome the problem. Under bionic or semi-artificial cultivation conditions, the high temperature of the soil (20℃) and direct sunlight during mushrooming are the most fatal, and the phenomenon of high-temperature juvenile mushroom deaths and child mushroom top burns and deformities occur from time to time.
If we add the effects of pests and natural disasters, the difficulty of cultivating morel mushrooms can be imagined. And the best solution is: early sowing early out, alpine region planting (early sowing late out, late sowing late out), factory cultivation.
Growing morel mushrooms is difficult there ah, I also want to try!
Morel mushrooms now can not be completely artificial cultivation, are now doing bionic cultivation, is modeled after the wild environment to achieve a large number of mushrooms, the impact of climate on yield is still quite large.
This is one of the difficulties, the key is still not a very good understanding of the growth habit of morel mushrooms, which leads to the production of cultivars may not mushroom, for example, some researchers now say that morel mushrooms only binucleate mycelium will grow out of the substrate, but some people say that the mononucleate mycelium can be out of the substrate, in fact, the whole kind of has not yet been finalized. But the fruiting body is composed of mononucleate mycelium and binucleate mycelium, and now the seed production is more than tissue culture method to cultivate the mother clock, mainly for convenience and low chance of infection.
Assuming that it is true that only the binucleate mycelium produces mushrooms, and that the tissue block you cut when cultivating the seed happens to have more mononucleate mycelium, or that for whatever reason just the mononucleate mycelium sprouts better, the seed may not be good. But intuitively you can't tell, so the risk is still high.
Said may not be rigorous but it is really such a variety of reasons, you can slowly try, but it is not recommended to blindly expand the scale. Mianyang Mushroom Institute can learn, tuition 8000, I think a little expensive.
Try together, I wish you success!