English Calamine
Latin Calamina (Smithsonian and Hydrozincitum)
Trade name calamine, calamine
The prescription name is calamine, calcined calamine, flying calamine, processed calamine, Sanhuang decoction calamine, coptis chinensis calamine and floating calamine.
Sweet in taste and flat in nature.
Meridian tropism belongs to liver, spleen and lung meridians.
Efficacy: improving eyesight, removing nebula, eliminating dampness, relieving itching, healing sores and promoting granulation.
The textual research on calamine is recorded in Pinhui Essentials, which reads: "I would like to leave Sichuan-Guangzhou and Chizhou (now Guichi County, Anhui Province) valleys according to this kind of calamine. Its shape is greasy and soft, and the prismatic layer is a block, with different sizes. Some are pink like plum petals, and some are bluish white with stones. "Only pure white and greasy is the best medicine, while rough and harsh color is the worst." "Compendium" says: "The calamine is located in all places, with Sichuan, Sichuan and eastern Hunan being the most, while Taiyuan, Zezhou, Yangcheng, Gaoping, Lingqiu (now Shanxi Province), Rong County (now Guangxi Rong County) and Yunnan are the winners, and the seedlings of gold and silver are also there. Its pieces are different in size, like sheep's brain, loose as stone fat, and sticky. Produced in the golden pit, its color is yellowish. "Those who produce dried silver pits are white, bluish, greenish or pink." From the above, it is better to use pure white and greasy medicine, which is found in all pits and smelting places, most in Sichuan, Sichuan and eastern Hunan, and the seedlings of gold and silver, which are similar to the shape and nature of sheep brain, loose as stone fat and sticky tongue, and are very consistent with the mineral smithsonite (zinc carbonate). According to Iborn's opinion, it is considered that the flakebite is zinc carbonate, that is, smithsonite in mineralogy. However, according to literature reports, the calamine mainly produced in Guangxi and the samples of calamine transferred to other places have been identified as including sphalerite, and this kind of sphalerite is also produced in the oxidation zone of lead-zinc deposits, and is a supergene mineral in the oxidation zone of zinc deposits, associated with sphalerite. Therefore, there are almost single mineral aggregates dominated by smithsonite or hydrosphalerite, and multi-mineral aggregates dominated by smithsonite. Calamine is mainly used to treat ophthalmic diseases, and it is used after calcination. The magnesite (zinc carbonate) turns into zinc oxide after burning, while the hydrosphate (basic zinc carbonate) also turns into zinc oxide after burning, which has the same pharmacological effect as the magnesite. Therefore, both smithsonite and sphalerite are mineral sources of calamine at present.
The drug source is the carbonate mineral Smithsonite ore.
form
1. Smithsonite
The crystal structure belongs to the tripartite system. A single crystal is rhombohedral or complex trigonal, but it is rare. It is often a bell-like, massive, earthy and shell-like aggregate. Pure white, often dyed gray, light yellow, light green or light brown. Transparent to translucent, glassy or dull earthy luster, sometimes pearly luster on the crystal surface. The hardness is 4.5 ~ 5, brittle and the fracture is irregular. The relative density is 4 ~ 4.5.
It occurs in the oxidation zone of primary lead-zinc deposits. It is mainly formed by the oxidation and decomposition of sphalerite to produce soluble zinc sulfate and metasomatism of calcite in carbonate surrounding rock or primary ore.
2. Hydrozincite
The crystal structure belongs to monoclinic system. It is a block, soil-like, porous to dense, shell-like and concentric belt with fine fiber structure. White to grayish yellow, brown purple, light purple. Earth-like light selection, but also silk luster. Hardness 4. Relative density 3.5 ~ 3.8.
It occurs in the chlorination zone of the deposit and is a secondary mineral. It is mainly altered by sphalerite. Born with smithsonite.
Both are produced in Hunan, Guangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan and other places.
It is mainly produced in Sixian, Rongshui Miao Autonomous County, Guangxi, Chang 'an Leng, Rongan County, and Gejiatang, Guilin, all of which are distributed in Guilin, and also produced in Sichuan, Yunnan and Hunan. Commodities used to be divided into raw calamine (smithsonite) and floating calamine (wurtzite), but now they are all unified goods. Sold all over the country and exported; Sales in Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, Guangzhou, Hangzhou, Hankou and other places are relatively large.
After harvesting, remove miscellaneous stones and soil.
prepare medical herbs by parching
. Calamine "First Aid Fairy Formula": "Grind it into fine powder and fly it over with water." Puji Fang: "Crush." At present, take the original medicinal materials, remove impurities and break them.
2. Calcined calamine "Compendium of Medicine": "Calcined, clean water flies." Puji Fang: "Burning Red." "Collection of Good Friends": "Burn with fire, fly with water, produce fine powder, use coarse slag, and dry." At present, clean calamine is taken, placed in a fire-resistant container and put in a smokeless fire, calcined until it is red and transparent, taken out, immediately poured into water for immersion quenching, stirred, and the suspension is poured out. If it is not transparent, it is drained, then calcined and repeatedly immersed for 3-4 times. Mixing the suspensions, standing, removing the clear water from the upper layer, drying and grinding. After calcination and quenching, the medicine is pure and delicate, mainly to improve eyesight, remove nebula, reduce dampness and promote granulation.
3. Making calamine (1) Making calamine with coptis decoction "Jisheng Fang": "Half a catty of calamine, four or two times as big as beans, when boiled in silverware, go to coptis and take stone research." "Zhu's Collection of Prescriptions": "Put it in a crucible, fire it for seven times, and quench it in Huanglian for seven times." "Experience of Ruizhutang": "Coptis chinensis flies." "Put the money piece on it, burn it thoroughly in charcoal fire, quench it with coptis juice, and burn it for seven times and break it into powder." "Puji Fang": "No matter how much, it is better to pick pink plum blossoms, put them in a crucible, fire them for seven times, soak them in coptis water for one night, remove me and quench the calcined calamine for seven times. "After careful study, it flew by, and it was exposed and used." At present, Rhizoma Coptidis is used to decoct soup, filtered to remove residue, added into calcined calamine fine powder, evenly mixed, sucked up and dried. Each calamine powder 100kg, coptis chinensis 12.5kg.
(2) Making calamine with Sanhuang Decoction "The Essence of Medicine Sect": "Calcined red in a silver pouring jar, poured out in Sanhuang Decoction (Rhizoma Coptidis, Scutellariae Radix, Cortex Phellodendri) for three or five times, then boiled Gan Lu in Sanhuang Decoction suspension for one night, and dried." "Great Success in Surgery": "Burn Sanhuang Decoction for seven times." At present, Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, Coptidis Rhizoma and Cortex Phellodendri are decocted, filtered to remove residues, added into fine powder of calamine, evenly mixed, sucked up and dried. For each calcined calamine powder 100kg, Coptidis Rhizoma, Scutellariae Radix and Cortex Phellodendri each 12.5kg.
Store in a dry container, in a dry place, dust-proof.
Commodity situation
The medicinal material features (1) raw calamine (smithsonite) as a massive or stalactite aggregate. It is irregular and massive. White, off-white or light khaki, streaks off-white to light brown. Some of the surfaces are concave or porous, like honeycombs. Earthy luster, opacity, light weight, hard and brittle, fragile, white or light khaki cross-section, some yellow and white like patterns. Odorless and slightly astringent.
(2) The floating calamine (wurtzite) is mostly white with many pores. Light weight, soft texture, strong water absorption, sticky tongue.
It is better to be white, light and loose.
Characters of decoction pieces: calamine is irregular and broken, with white or reddish surface, powdery, dull and honeycomb-shaped. The body is light, loose and fragile, and the cross section is grayish white or light brown, which is granular. Odorless and slightly astringent. Calcined calamine is grayish white or white fine powder with light weight. The calamine made from Huanglian decoction is yellow fine powder, light in weight and extremely bitter in taste. The calamine made from Sanhuang decoction is dark yellow fine powder, light in weight and bitter in taste.
The identification of medicinal materials does not melt. Burning on charcoal produces a thin film of zinc oxide, which turns yellow when hot and white when cold. Hot dilute hydrochloric acid can dissolve it and produce foam.
It is irregular block, flat or round, with different sizes, white or reddish surface, depressions or small holes, and powdery. Light and loose, fragile, white or reddish in cross section, granular, with fine pores and hygroscopicity. No gas, slightly astringent taste. After fire calcination, it becomes white or yellowish amorphous agglomerate or fine powder. It is better to be large, white or reddish and light.
(1) the essence of product exchange: "calamine, out of Sichuan, Guangzhou and Chizhou valleys. "Its shape is greasy and soft, and its prismatic layers are blocks of different sizes. Some are pink like plum petals, and some are bluish white with stones. The pure white is the best medicine, and the rough color is the worst." (2) "Outline": "Calamine is found in all the pits and smelting places. Sichuan, Shu and Xiangdong are the most, while Taiyuan, Zezhou, Yangcheng, Gaoping, Lingqiu, Rongxian and Yunnan are the winners, and the seedlings of gold and silver are also. Its pieces are different in size, like sheep's brain, loose as stone fat, and sticky. Those produced in jinkeng are yellowish in color; "Those produced in Yinkeng are white, bluish, greenish or pink."
app; application
It is used for treating conjunctival congestion, swelling and pain. Calamine is good at removing nebula and has the effect of removing dampness, so it is commonly used in ophthalmology. Whether the eyes are red and swollen, the eyelids are red and rotten, or the eyes are obstructed, or pterygium is used to cover the eyes. Clinically, it is often used with other products for improving eyesight and removing nebula for external use, so as to strengthen the curative effect. For example, Li Shizhen uses this product "Tonglongnaodian", or uses this product to grind cuttlebone and borax equally, and treat various eye diseases by eye drops. "Easy and Simple Prescription for Hygiene" is used to treat eye tears and broken strings, and it is matched with eye drops such as coptis root and plaster. For the treatment of nebula, this product is combined with melanterite, Puxiao and boiling water in Xuanming Lun Fang to warm the affected area; Eyes are red and swollen, eyelids are red and rotten, or pterygium covers the eyes. Borax, Natrii Sulfate and Borneolum Syntheticum are often used to grind the eyes, which is like Bai Long Dan in Syndrome Treatment of Huai Rope.
It can be used for treating ulcer and skin wet sore. Galamina can astringe, promote granulation, stop dampness and relieve itching, so it is used to treat patients with ulceration and pus dripping, and it is mixed with Cortex Phellodendri, Talcum and Gypsum for external use, so as to clear away heat and toxic materials, stop dampness and heal sores. If the sores don't heal for a long time, the keel should be mixed with the affected area to heal the sores and promote the healing of the sores, such as Pingji Powder in Royal Medicine Hospital. After treating carbuncle and ulcer, pus will be exhausted, which can be used equally with frankincense, amber and cinnabar. For yin, sweat, dampness and itching, it can be mixed with mussel powder and gallnut, for example, Yin, sweat, dampness and itching prescription in Zhi Zhi Fang Lun. For treating pus and yellow juice from ears, it is combined with dried alum, rouge and musk as the final blowing ear, such as Hongmian Powder from Medical Prescription Dacheng.
The dosage is 3.00-15.00g.
Taboo avoid oral administration.
Attached formula 1. Treating eye-swelling calamine (fire calcined, urine quenched), weathered nitrate, etc. For the end. New hydration is a drop in the bucket. ("Compendium" quoted "Imperial Medicine Hospital")
2. Treat all kinds of reeling calamine, melanterite and mirabilite equally. For the end. With each word, boil the soup and wash it warmly three times a day. ("Compendium" quoted "Xuanming Lun Fang")
3. Cure eye tears and rotten string calamine two or two, decoct water with coptis root one or two, pour it into children's urine for half a cup, boil it again, put it in the park for one or two, boil it again, make it, forge the stone with fire, quench it for seven times, wash it, put it into the end of the lithuanian monk one or two, grind it evenly and collect it. ("Outline" quoted "Health Easy and Simplified Prescriptions")
4. Four calamine (grind), ochre (calcined, vinegar quenched for seven times) and Huang Dan (water fly) for the treatment of blurred eyes, which are the last. Half a catty of white sand honey is refined with a copper pan to remove foam, and five or six bowls of water are added, and boiled. Before and after the meal, it is boiled to a bowl with civil and military fire, stirred with bronze ware, and the medicine is tried to sink into the dripping water, filtered with paper and stored in porcelain. Check it from time to time. ("Easy and Simple Prescription of Health")
5. Curing wind tears is more than one dollar for green reed calamine (calcined, flying fine), five points for cuttlebone, a little plum blossom slices, and extremely fine grinding. Point out the tears. ("Examining Yao Letter" receives tears)
6. Treat one or two calamine (calcined with fire and quenched with vinegar for five times) for malnutrition and vulvar sores, and make San Qian tea for children. For the end, sesame oil is applied. ("Compendium" quoted "Tongmiao Zhenren Fang")
7. One point for curing yin, sweat and itching, one point for calamine green, half for real clam powder, half for coptis root and half for gallnut. Mix the fine powder, first wash it with honeycomb and big belly skin decoction. (Yin, sweat, dampness and itching prescription in Ren Zhai Zhi Zhi Fang Lun)
8. Cure the sores for a long time without collecting one and a half calamine (burning) and two and a half keel. The upper part is fine powder, and every time it is mixed with the affected part, it is pasted with plaster. (Pingji Powder from Imperial Medicine Hospital)
9. Two dollars for treating ear pus and yellow juice calamine (research), two dollars for dried alum, half money for rouge and a little musk. The top is fine at the end. Wrap the pus in the ear with cotton wool, don't dip it in medicine, or dry blow a little into the ear. Such as accumulation of heat, pus in the ear, 100 pills of Shenxiong, diarrhea of three or five elements. ("Puji Fang" Hongmian Powder)
10. Cure chapped lips and sores with calamine (calcined with fire), Meretrix meretrix, Phellodendron amurense and Atractylodes lancea. Except for the calamine, the three flavors are fried in red, ground into fine powder, ground into slices of brain for three minutes, and applied to the lips with wax oil. ("Ancient and Modern Medicine")
1 1. calamine for treating cervical erosion 120g, borneol and coptis root 12g, realgar 6g.*** Grind into fine powder. Rinse the vagina first, then spray this powder on the cervical erosion area, and apply it every 1 ~ 2 days/time. (National Compilation of Chinese Herbal Medicine)
12. 30g of calamine powder and 3g of indigo naturalis powder for treating anal pruritus. After mixing the above medicines, wrap them with two layers of gauze. Before treatment, the anus should be cleaned and wiped dry, and then the medicated powder wrapped in gauze should be applied to the affected area, covering the anus evenly with a layer of medicinal powder for 3-5 times a day. [Guangxi Traditional Chinese Medicine 1983, (1): 26)
13. Divide calamine (calcined) and mirabilite into equal parts, which are the last. Every time you brush your teeth a little, avoid brushing your teeth for a long time. ("Compendium" quoted "Ji Xuan Fang")
document
Medical theory
On the functions of calamine in promoting granulation by blood, dispelling wind and heat and removing nebula ① Huanggong embroidery: "calamine is sweet and astringent, and the temperature is non-toxic. Those who are specialized in Yangming's stomach can cover five flavors only for nourishing, but warm for smoothing, which can regulate blood, so the swollen poison will disappear, while the blood can stop itself and the muscles can grow. Pungent warmth can dissipate wind and heat, and astringency can stick to the membrane, so whoever gets this, he can also move the clouds. "It's also useful for treating malnutrition and dampness, and it's also helpful for people who have teeth to dredge things." ("Materia Medica Seeking Truth") 2 Shen Jinao: "The calamine is the main eye disease, and the eyes can see the blood, and the blood failure is hidden and ashamed. "Or the wind-heat goes up, leading to red and rotten skin. This medicine is sweet in taste, which can enter the spleen and benefit the blood, while warm in nature, which can dispel the wind-heat without causing harm. Therefore, it is worthwhile to see the merits." ("Essential Medicine Dispensing")
ingredient
The main component is zinc carbonate, with a small amount of calcium oxide 0.27%, magnesium oxide 0.45%, iron oxide 0.58% and manganese oxide 0.0 1%. Zinc in this stone is often replaced by a small amount of iron (divalent). In addition, some calamine varieties still contain a small amount of cobalt, copper, cadmium, lead and trace amounts of germanium and indium. The calamine in Qingdao and Jinan is mainly composed of zinc carbonate, and contains a small amount of impurities such as iron, aluminum, calcium and magnesium and a very small amount of sodium. Calcined calamine, the main component is zinc oxide. (1) smithsonite mainly contains zinc carbonate (ZnCO3), and a small amount of elements such as iron, aluminum, magnesium, sodium, lead, cadmium and silicon. (2) Hydrosphalerite mainly contains hydrous zinc carbonate Zn5(CO3)2.