Nutritional components of water chestnut: Every 1 00g of water chestnut contains: protein1.4g, vitamin A 63g, nicotinic acid1mg, vitamin C5 mg, cellulose 0.9g, carotene 380g, calcium 38mg, potassium 212mg and iron 6. The metabolism of sugar and protein in participants' cells can regulate osmotic pressure and acid-base balance in vivo, and also maintain the excitability of nervous system.
Renal failure is a pathological state of partial or total loss of renal function caused by the development of various chronic renal diseases, which can be divided into acute renal failure and chronic renal failure. Acute renal failure progresses rapidly and is usually caused by acute factors, such as insufficient blood supply to the kidney (such as trauma or burn), impaired renal function or toxic damage. If it can be obtained in time = effective treatment, the prognosis is good, and most patients can restore renal function.
Chronic renal failure refers to chronic renal damage caused by various kidney diseases, which eventually leads to complete loss of renal function, causing a series of clinical symptoms and metabolic disorders such as biochemical endocrine. The progress of the disease is relatively slow, and the interval from the primary disease to the beginning of renal insufficiency can be several years to more than ten years. Hyperkalemia can occur in acute and chronic renal failure.
Zhang Zhenzhong, a Chinese medicine expert in kidney disease hospital, a traditional Chinese medicine department in Beijing, said that hyperkalemia is one of the common complications of renal failure. If you eat too much high-potassium food, or input too much potassium-containing solution too quickly, input blood that has been stored for too long, or use too much penicillin potassium salt, you can cause high blood potassium. Serum potassium ion >; 5 mEq/L is called hyperkalemia, 6~7 mEq/L is moderate hyperkalemia, and more than 7 mEq/L is severe hyperkalemia. The main clinical symptoms are extreme fatigue, muscle weakness, chills in limbs, disappearance of tendon reflex, and symptoms of central nervous system, such as slow exercise and drowsiness. Dull heart sounds, slow heart rate, premature ventricular contraction, atrioventricular block, ventricular fibrillation or cardiac arrest. If not treated and corrected in time, patients will often be in danger.
After eating 1 kg horseshoe within 2 days, dizziness and palpitation occurred in the elderly with renal failure, and hyperkalemia was found.
Patient xxx, male, 60 years old, from Hankou, Wuhan. Suffering from renal failure for many years, I have been doing hemodialysis treatment in the hospital regularly and never stopped. I bought a lot of horseshoes at home recently. I found them crisp, sweet and refreshing. I ate nearly 1 kg in two days.
On the evening of March 27th, the patient suddenly felt dizzy, palpitation and general weakness. After the rest, he failed to relieve himself. His family sent the patient to the emergency department of a hospital for medical treatment overnight. Electrocardiogram showed obvious bradycardia, and the heart rate was only 365,438 0 beats per minute. The results showed that the blood potassium was as high as 8.65,438+0 mmol/L, while the normal concentration of blood potassium was 3.5-5.5 mmol/L. It was diagnosed as hyperkalemia, which was the main cause of severe arrhythmia.
After consultation, the doctor inquired about the medical history in detail and learned that the patient had been treated with routine hemodialysis for a long time, and dialysis was done two days ago. According to common sense, there would be no such severe hyperkalemia. Further inquiry about the patient's recent diet found that the patient had eaten a high-potassium food-horseshoe. Medical staff immediately launched rescue, emergency intravenous potassium therapy, pumping rescue drugs, but the patient's heart rate still can not maintain normal, emergency hemodialysis to correct hyperkalemia. The patient's condition is very dangerous, and cardiac arrest may occur at any time during hemodialysis. In order to ensure safety, the doctor urgently performed temporary pacemaker implantation for the patient. After cardiac pacing, the patient temporarily passed the critical period, and also won valuable time for bedside hemodialysis and potassium reduction treatment. After emergency treatment, the patient's condition was stable, blood potassium returned to normal, the heartbeat returned to normal rhythm, and the temporary pacemaker was removed.
The doctor said that horseshoe is rich in nutritional value and has certain medicinal value, but horseshoe is a food with high potassium content. Normal people can excrete excess potassium through the kidneys if they eat it in moderation. However, patients with chronic kidney disease have decreased potassium excretion ability due to decreased renal function. When ingesting a large amount of food containing potassium, it may lead to the accumulation of potassium in the body, which may easily lead to hyperkalemia. Clinically, when the blood potassium is greater than 6.5mmol/L, it is a medical emergency; Sinus ventricular conduction can occur when blood potassium is greater than 7.5mmol/L, which can induce cardiac arrest and even sudden death in severe cases.
Moreover, severe hyperkalemia can lead to slow arrhythmia. If the rescue drugs used are ineffective, the pacing threshold required for endocardial pacing therapy will increase, or even pacing will not be possible. Hemodialysis is the only quick and effective treatment. Remind patients with chronic kidney disease to avoid eating too much high-potassium food in their diet. Common foods with high potassium content, such as bananas, grapes, oranges, tomatoes, spinach, kelp, potatoes, seaweed, beans, etc., should regularly monitor renal function and blood potassium levels. If symptoms such as fatigue, numbness of hands and feet, numbness of lips and slow heart rate suddenly appear, it is necessary to pay attention to them and go to the hospital in time.
What food can't patients with chronic renal failure eat?
According to Zhang Zhenzhong, an expert in traditional Chinese medicine, the occurrence of chronic renal failure is not caused by one disease, but the result of gradual deterioration under the combined action of many factors, such as diabetes, hypertension, pyelonephritis, polycystic kidney disease and drug-induced nephritis, which are often related to daily diet. Normal kidney has a strong compensatory function. Even if one kidney is removed, the other kidney can be responsible for maintaining the normal operation of human body. However, when the kidney disease develops to the stage of renal failure, the kidney has been damaged by more than 75%, and the excretion function of the kidney is seriously damaged. If you don't control your diet, it will not only increase the burden on your kidneys, but also cause various complications and aggravate your condition.
1, control protein intake. Nephropathy is the most prone to the loss of protein, and protein needs to replenish it in time. On the premise of meeting patients' basic needs for protein, the intake of protein should be reduced as much as possible, and the burden on kidneys should be reduced to the greatest extent. According to the research, the suitable daily intake of protein for patients with chronic renal failure is 0.5 ~ 0.6 grams per kilogram of body weight. Generally speaking, there should be half a catty of milk, 1 eggs and 1 lean meat every day. A high protein diet can increase urea nitrogen, while insufficient intake of protein will lead to malnutrition and possibly increase creatinine.
2. Low-salt diet. Maintaining a low-salt diet, salt itself is harmless to the kidneys, but eating more salt will correspondingly increase drinking water, increase blood volume, aggravate edema, hypertension and heart load, which is not conducive to the relief of diseases. Patients with edema and hypertension should have a low-salt diet, especially those with edema, 3 grams per day is appropriate.
3. Control high-potassium foods. Patients with kidney disease should eat healthily and don't eat and drink blindly. If the potassium content in the blood is high, it can inhibit the heartbeat and lead to cardiac arrest in severe cases. Potassium is mainly ingested through food and excreted from urine through the kidneys. Decreased excretion after renal failure will lead to increased blood potassium. Especially in patients with renal failure, high-potassium foods should be restricted. Such as: bananas, oranges, monosodium glutamate, soy sauce, potatoes, pickled mustard tuber, mushrooms, fungus, laver, jujube, lotus seeds, almonds, ham, scallops and shrimp skin.
4, avoid sorghum food. The metabolism of high purine food in the body will produce uric acid. Patients with renal failure can not be discharged in time because of their poor excretion ability, which is easy to cause hyperuricemia and will aggravate renal damage. Such as animal viscera, seafood, spinach, mushrooms and so on. And beer can reduce uric acid excretion, so give up drinking.
5, do not eat spicy food. Such as pepper, pepper, pepper, curry, garlic and so on. It is easy to cause "getting angry", while "hair" such as spiced powder, aniseed, toon and coriander is easy to cause irritation. These foods are prone to high blood pressure, pharyngitis and allergies.
6. Use all kinds of health care products with caution. Chronic renal failure is not "kidney deficiency" as mentioned in traditional Chinese medicine, and cannot be treated with drugs for tonifying kidney. Moreover, various health products and tonics on the market often contain complex ingredients. Blindly eating will increase the burden on the kidneys, and even damage the kidneys, leading to aggravation of the disease.
(Text/Li Lie, physician/Zhang Zhenzhong; About 2690 words)